首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
InSAR是极具发展潜力的微波遥感新技术,可应用于数字高程模型的产生、制图和大范围微小地表形变的测量。考虑参考面、地形和地表形变等因素,本文从几何角度分析和讨论了In-SAR的相位分解,并给出了各相位分量的函数表达式,阐述了地表高程和形变信息提取的基本原理。最后以JERS和ENVISAT卫星数据为例,展示了合成孔径雷达干涉测量在生成数字高程模型和提取地震形变场中的应用及其数据处理过程。  相似文献   

2.
形变观测中小数据集PSInSAR 的误差分析与初步应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
唐攀攀  单新建  王长林  张桂芳 《地震》2011,31(3):92-102
PSInSAR技术在微小形变的监测中有着独特的优势,但同时受到数据量的严重制约.本文以形变速率稳定的怀来县城为实验区,利用15景ASAR数据,依据主影像选择和高程改正选取了三种略有差异的模型分别进行PS处理,并对形变提取中的相位解缠、基线改正和高程改正进行误差分析.结果表明,小数据集的相位解缠和高程改正在部分PS点上容...  相似文献   

3.
汶川地震后,震中地区地表形态遭到很大破坏.在该地区开展科学研究急需高精度数字高程模型支持,重建震区数字高程模型十分必要.本文以高精度重建该地区数字高程模型为目标,综合ALOS PRISM获取的三轨立体像对、ALOS PALSAR雷达影像和欧空局发布的汶川地震ENVISAT雷达影像等资料,采用光学遥感立体测图技术、InSAR技术,并融合已有全球数字高程模型,研究建立覆盖此地区15m分辨率的数字高程模型.在利用中国地壳运动监测网络和陆态网络工程项目实测的GPS数据进行高程精度分析后表明:ALOS PRISM DEM精度优于10 m(95%置信度);ALOS PALSAR DEM精度优于10 m(95%置信度),而ENVSAT ASAR DEM在平原、丘陵地区精度优于20 m(95%置信度).研究证明:ALOS PRISM能进行高精度的地形测量,ALOS PALSAR在山区仍可获得高精度数字高程模型,ENVISAT ASAR在平原地区的精度较高.因此融合光学、雷达遥感技术完全满足获取高精度、高分辨率震区数字高程模型的需要,这为在困难地区建立高精度数字高程模型提供了一个很好的途径.  相似文献   

4.
利用高频电磁波测井反演地层介电常数和电阻率   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8       下载免费PDF全文
高频电磁波测井响应对地层纵向边界相当敏感 ,在其资料反演中必须重视地层纵向边界位置的提取和反演精度 .首先应用特征识别技术由测井曲线提取地层参数 ,在此基础上建立反演初始地层模型 ,通过分别构造反演地层电参数和纵向边界位置的目标函数 ,采用改进的阻尼型高斯 -牛顿算法 ,实现了对地层电参数和纵向边界位置的交替循环反演 .对含1 7个水平分层的典型地层模型的模拟测井资料进行反演计算 ,测井响应的反演精度达到2 .0 % (平均相对误差 ) ,电参数的误差为 4.4% .  相似文献   

5.
研究利用重力场模型直接进行GPS高程转换的方法,即模型高程异常法和模型重力位法.根据误差传播定律,导出了由重力场模型位系数方差计算模型高程异常以及模型正常高的误差公式,并对影响两种GPS高程转换方法精度的因素进行分析.利用具有代表性的EGM96、EIGEN-51C和EGM2008重力场模型及某线路GPS/水准数据对两种方法进行实验研究与精度分析,结果表明:理论公式及实验结果都显示两种高程转换方法是等价的,转换精度相当;两种方法使用过程中,均可能需要系统偏差校正;EGM2008重力场模型具有非常好的分辨率及精度,在局部区域,基于EGM2008模型的GPS高程转换精度有望达到cm级.  相似文献   

6.
随钻电磁波电阻率测井是目前国内实时评价地层含油性和地质导向的主要方法,其在地层界面附近的响应特征是判定实际地层产状、实施地质导向的根本依据.因此研究地层产状因素对随钻电磁波测井响应的影响特征和规律,对判定地层界面、调整地层模型有重要的意义.本文以哈利伯顿EWR—PHASE4单发双收仪器为例,利用ANSYS软件采用矢量有限元方法对不同地层条件下的响应特征进行了三维数值模拟.数值模拟过程中通过控制网格大小,在保证计算精度的前提下减小计算规模、提高计算速度.最终得出了目的层厚度、倾角以及与围岩电阻率比值等因素对随钻电磁波测井响应的影响特征和规律,指出了犄角信号出现的条件,为随钻测井过程中实时正确判识地层产状提供了理论依据.  相似文献   

7.
为了解西秦岭北缘-拉脊山两侧的地貌差异及其发育机制,利用DEM数据结合地质数据,提取局部地形起伏并绘制高程带状剖面图,定量化揭示了西秦岭北缘-拉脊山东西两侧地貌结构;在此基础上,统计了两侧新生代不同时期地层砂岩的高程像元众数,并进行了对比分析;通过对已知地质资料的提取和归纳,对比了西秦岭北缘-拉脊山断裂两侧新生代盆地地层岩性及沉积相.结果表明,界限以东新生代地层呈现地层年代越老高程越高的趋势;界限以西则呈现古近纪至新近纪地层越新高程越高、第四纪地层高程最低的特征.这种地层发育规律体现了西秦岭北缘-拉脊山两侧的地貌演化过程存在差异,即东侧水系发育时间早于西侧,地貌接受侵蚀的时间较长.同时,也从侧面反映了东、西两侧构造活动强度与时间的不一致性,古近纪以来东侧构造演化具有自SW向NE逐渐扩展的趋势;而西侧构造演化更为复杂,体现在新生代以来不同断裂带隆升历史的不一致性以及在较强的挤压应力及较弱剥蚀共同作用下的增生过程.  相似文献   

8.
利用高频电磁波测井反演地层介电常数电阻率   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
高频电磁波测井响应对地层纵向边界相当敏感,在其资料反演中必须重视地层纵向边界位置的提取和反演精度,首先应用特征识别技术由测井曲线提取地层参数,在此基础上建立反演初始地层模型。通过分别构造反演地层电参数和纵向边界位置的目标函数,采用改进的阻尼型高斯-牛顿算法,实现了对地层电参数和纵向边界位置的交替循环反演,对含17个水平分层的典型地层模型的模拟测井资料进行了反演计算,测井响应的反演精度达到2.0%(平均相对误差),电参数的误差为4.4%。  相似文献   

9.
为了更好地保证从中山站到DomeA的南极内陆冰盖考察,该考察路线沿线的地形信息是必需的.虽然Radarsat南极制图计划fRAMP)能提供迄今为止最高精度的全南极数字高程模型(DEM),其最高水平分辨率为200m,但其真正的水平分辨率根据源数据的比例尺和区域覆盖密度不同而不同.对于冰架和内陆冰盖地区,水平精度约为5km.在东南极内陆冰盖地区和远离山脉地区该DEM的垂直精度估计为±50m,因此更高精度的地形数据还不存在.为了满足将来对地形信息更高精度的要求,由于ASTER光学影像具有高的空间分辨率05m),而ICESat/GLAS测高数据有较高的高程精度(13.8cm),因此本文融合ASTER立体数据和ICESat/GLAS测高数据提取了该考察路线高精度数字高程模型.首先选择一些测高数据点作为ASTER提取DEM过程中的高程控制,以减少匹配错误.由于从75°~81°S范围没有合格的ASTER立体数据覆盖,并且在该范围内ICESat轨道覆盖度大,观测数据比较密集,因此在该区域仅使用ICESat测高数据提取DEM,最后生成覆盖整条路线的DEM.分析结果表明DEM精度得到很大的提高,DEM的绝对垂直精度某些地区优于15m,除了影像009—001外,其余所有结果精度都在30m以内.其内部精度优于15m,某些情况下优于7m.生成的结果达到1:50000制图标准.结果表明在南极地区,综合利用各种遥感数据提取南极地区冰面地形信息是一种经济有效的手段.  相似文献   

10.
首先分析了获取数字高程模型(DEM)的高分遥感立体测量、合成孔径雷达干涉测量技术、激光雷达测距技术和运动重建技术等技术手段,以及现阶段高空间分辨率数字高程模型(VHR DEM)提取技术的主要特点,实际应用中需根据研究区地形地貌特点选择合适的VHR DEM获取技术;然后,结合最新研究成果着重阐述了VHR DEM在活断层识别及几何结构分析、同震位移与累积位移获取和古地震研究等领域的最新应用;最后指出,VHR DEM由于其高精度、高空间分辨率的特点,正逐步改变传统活断层的研究方法,使得对活断层的研究进入到了前所未有的精细化水平.   相似文献   

11.
丽江-小金河断裂斜切中国西南“川滇菱块”,走向北东,为一高角度斜滑断裂.与平面遥感影像相比,通过三维影像解译断错地貌有显著的优越性.印度P5卫星数据具备真正2.5m分辨率,在制图方面,像对生成DEM以及制图精度可达1∶25000.本文依据立体像对提取DEM的原理,利用ENVI软件DEM Extraction模块提耿出了丽江-小金河断裂带P5立体像对的DEM.文中利用等高线套合分析法和剖面线法对DEM精度进行评价,结论认为,DEM精度优于1∶5万地形图等高线高程精度,而且与实时动态差分(RTK)测量结果比较一致.文章重点选取了丽江市北东方向干塘子和西南方向南溪盆地两处,将三种高程数据——从P5立体像对提取出的DEM、google earth影像地形高程和1∶5万矢量地形图等高线生成的DEM,结合Google Earth影像做成三维立体影像,较为直观地对三种高程数据进行了有效的对比,结论认为,P5立体像对生成的DEM精度最高.在室内利用高精度三维立体图对丽江-小金河断裂断层地貌进行了解译,经过野外踏勘和探槽验证,证明三维影像解译具有很高的利用价值.  相似文献   

12.
Abstract

A digital elevation model (DEM) derived from a stereo pair of WorldView-2 (WV-2) images was assessed against ground-truth GPS point datasets. Two assessment methods were used: (a) vertical accuracy assessment and (b) hydrological assessment of surface runoff variables. Three agricultural plots with different topographic slopes were selected to perform a vertical accuracy assessment, followed by a comparative assessment of a set of hydrological variables. The results show an overall vertical accuracy of 0.45 m, confirming the potential of WV-2 stereo images to extract elevation information at high spatial resolution. Concerning plot-scale micro-topographic features, the WV-2 DEM performed better on the plot with rolling slopes (5–10%), extracting variables such as the total length and drainage area of flow paths with relative errors lower than 20%. However, some limitations were detected in the extraction of variables such as terrain slope, drainage points of flow paths and terrain depressions in areas of flatter slopes (<5%).
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Gerten  相似文献   

13.
Digital elevation model (DEM) can be generated by interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR). In this paper, the interferometric processing and analyses are carried out for Damxung-Yangbajain area in Tibet, using a pair of Europe remote-sensing satellite (ERS)-1/2 tandem SAR images acquired on 6 and 7 April 1996. A portion of the In- SAR-derived DEM is selected and compared with the 1:50 000 DEM to determine the precision of the InSAR-derived DEM. The comparison indicates that the root mean squared er...  相似文献   

14.
In order to improve the accuracy of building structure identification using remote sensing images, a building structure classification method based on multi-feature fusion of UAV remote sensing image is proposed in this paper. Three identification approaches of remote sensing images are integrated in this method: object-oriented, texture feature, and digital elevation based on DSM and DEM. So RGB threshold classification method is used to classify the identification results. The accuracy of building structure classification based on each feature and the multi-feature fusion are compared and analyzed. The results show that the building structure classification method is feasible and can accurately identify the structures in large-area remote sensing images.  相似文献   

15.
基于聚焦合成的显微三维成像系统   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
本文利用显微镜物镜焦深范围有限,显微三维样本成像时需要一序列图像才能聚焦清晰特点,研究开发利用图像处理技术扩展显微成像焦深范围,应用改进Laplacian聚焦算子实现序列图像的融合显示,同时,提出了一种基于区域小波变换的序列显微图像融合算法并加以实现.用高斯插值算法得到三维显微图像的高度图,设计了一种网格轮廓线算法对高度索引图进行了三维重建显示和测量,并利用立体视觉原理生成了三维物体的左右视图和立体视图.应用此方法可以完成显微目标的表面三维参数的测量分析.  相似文献   

16.
Traditional method to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM)through topographic map and topographic measurement has weak points such as low efficiency, long operating time and small range. The emergence of DEM-generation technology from high resolution satellite image provides a new method for rapid acquisition of large terrain and geomorphic data, which greatly improves the efficiency of data acquisition. This method costs lower compared with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), has large coverage compared with SfM (Structure from Motion). However, there is still lack of report on whether the accuracy of DEM generated from stereo-imagery satisfies the quantitative research of active tectonics. This research is based on LPS (Leica Photogrammetry Suit)software platform, using Worldview-2 panchromatic stereo-imagery as data source, selecting Kumishi Basin in eastern Tianshan Mountains with little vegetation as study area. We generated 0.5m resolution DEM of 5-km swath along the newly discovered rupture zone at the south of Kumishi Basin, measured the height of fault scarps on different levels of alluvial fans based on the DEM, then compared with the scarp height measured by differential GPS survey in the field to analyze the accuracy of the extracted DEM. The results show that the elevation difference between the topographic profiles derived from the extracted DEM and surveyed by differential GPS ranges from -2.82 to 4.87m. The shape of the fault scarp can be finely depicted and the deviation is 0.30m after elevation correction. The accuracy of measuring the height of fault scarps can reach 0.22m, which meets the need of high-precision quantitative research of active tectonics. It provides great convenience for rapidly obtaining fine geometry, profiles morphology, vertical dislocations of fault and important reference for sites selection for trench excavation, slip rate, and samples. This method has broad prospects in the study of active tectonics.  相似文献   

17.
Global digital elevation models (DEMs) are an invaluable source of information in large area studies. Of particular interest are shuttle radar topography mission (SRTM) data that are freely available for the scientific community worldwide. Prior to any application, global datasets should be evaluated using reference data of higher accuracy. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of the SRTM C-band (version 4) DEM and SRTM X-band DEM of mountainous areas located in Poland and to examine the quality of data in relation to topographic parameters, radar beam geometry, initial voids in data and the presence of forest cover. A DEM from the Central National Geodetic and Cartographic Inventory, Poland, served as a reference. The study consisted of three steps: (i) the computation of vertical errors of the SRTM C- and X-band DEMs, (ii) the examination of any systematic bias in the data, and (iii) the analysis of the relationships between the elevation errors and terrain slope, aspect, local incidence angle, occurrence of voids and land cover. We found that the SRTM C- and X-band DEMs have mean errors equal to 4.31 ± 14.09 and 9.03 ± 37.40 m and root mean square errors equal to 14.74 and 38.47 m, respectively. Only 82 % of the C-band DEM and 74 % of the X-band DEM vertical errors had absolute values below 16 m. We found that the most important factors determining the occurrence of high errors were the distribution of initial voids and high slope angles for the C-band DEM, and local incidence angle, slope, aspect and radar beam geometry for the X-band DEM. In both cases, the presence of forest cover increased the mean error by approximately 10 m.  相似文献   

18.
This study is focused on the integration of bare earth lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) data into unstructured (triangular) finite element meshes and the implications on simulating storm surge inundation using a shallow water equations model. A methodology is developed to compute root mean square error (RMSE) and the 95th percentile of vertical elevation errors using four different interpolation methods (linear, inverse distance weighted, natural neighbor, and cell averaging) to resample bare earth lidar and lidar-derived digital elevation models (DEMs) onto unstructured meshes at different resolutions. The results are consolidated into a table of optimal interpolation methods that minimize the vertical elevation error of an unstructured mesh for a given mesh node density. The cell area averaging method performed most accurate when DEM grid cells within 0.25 times the ratio of local element size and DEM cell size were averaged. The methodology is applied to simulate inundation extent and maximum water levels in southern Mississippi due to Hurricane Katrina, which illustrates that local changes in topography such as adjusting element size and interpolation method drastically alter simulated storm surge locally and non-locally. The methods and results presented have utility and implications to any modeling application that uses bare earth lidar.  相似文献   

19.
With the development of photogrammetry technology and the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)technology in recent years, using UAV photogrammetry technology to rapidly acquire high precision and high resolution topographic and geomorphic data on the fault zone has gradually become an important technical means. This paper first summarizes the basic principle and workflow of a new digital photogrammetry technology, SfM (Structure from Motion), which is simple, efficient and low cost. Using this technology, we conducted aerial image acquisition and data processing for a typical fault landform on the northern of Caka Basin in Qinghai. The digital elevation model (DEM)with 6.1cm/pix resolution is generated and the density of point cloud is as high as 273 points/m2. The coverage area is 0.463km2. Further, the terrain and slope data parallel to the fault direction are extracted by topographic analysis method, and combined with the contour map and the slope diagram generated by the DEM, a fine interpretation and quantitative study of complex multilevel geomorphic surfaces is carried out. Finally, based on the results of sophisticated interpretation of geomorphology, we got the vertical displacements of the T1 terrace to the T3 terrace as (1.01±0.06)m, (1.37±0.13)m and (3.10±0.11)m, and the minimum vertical displacements of the T4 terrace and the T5 terrace as (3.77±0.14)m and (5.46±0.26)m, respectively, through the topographic profile data extracted by DEM. Such vertical displacement parameters are difficult to obtain directly by traditional remote sensing images, which shows the great application prospect of UAV photogrammetry technology in the quantitative study of active tectonics.  相似文献   

20.
The attitude angles of an aeroplane used for geophysical measurements are necessary in order to calculate field components in a fixed reference frame. In this paper it is shown analytically how the measurement of static magnetic field components can be used to determine the attitude angles. Error analysis shows that when magnetic anomalies are small to moderate (less than 5% of the total field), the attitude angles can be determined to within a few degrees at high latitudes. For a given area the maximum error is linearly related to the magnitude of the anomaly. The technique is illustrated on a tensor VLF data set from an area in Sweden with local magnetic anomalies less than 1% of the regional total magnetic field. Attitude errors propagated into tensor VLF transfer functions are of the same order as their random errors.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号