共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(2)
正演模拟是瑞雷面波研究的一个主要方面,目前对于瑞雷面波的正演研究大多是基于均匀层状弹性介质条件下的瑞雷面波频散曲线方程,这只适用于层状模型,无法模拟全波场,而且不考虑实际介质的黏弹效应.本文采用交错网格高阶有限差分法对黏弹性介质中的瑞雷面波进行了高精度全波场模拟,并对频散特征进行了提取与分析.其中采用属于非线性最优化的Levenberg-Marquarat方法直接计算松弛时间来拟合常Q模型,并将应力镜像法与紧致差分格式相结合来准确实施自由表面条件,在其余边界处以非分裂的多轴卷积完全匹配层为吸收边界.然后利用相移法从地震记录中提取频散剖面并对几种典型模型的面波频散特征进行了对比分析.结果表明黏弹性对面波的频散特性有显著影响,面波勘探中有必要考虑黏弹性因素. 相似文献
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Rayleigh面波的频散特性可以用来研究地表浅层结构. 本文使用时域有限差分法来模拟复杂黏弹性介质中的Rayleigh面波,研究了Q值对面波频散特性的影响.文中采用旋转交错网格有限差分,以非分裂卷积形式的完全匹配层为吸收边界,推出了求解二阶位移-应力各向同性黏弹性波动方程的数值方法.为了检验数值解的精度,首先将简单模型的正演结果与解析解对比,验证了方法的正确性;然后模拟了横向缓变层状介质和含有洞穴的介质中的面波,对弹性和黏弹性介质中的面波的频散特性进行对比分析.模拟结果表明浅层Q值对面波的频散特性有显著的影响;强吸收情况下,高阶面波的能量相对低阶面波能量显著增强. 相似文献
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吸收衰减是地震波在实际地球介质中传播的固有特征.在实际应用中,通常假设表征吸收衰减特征的品质因子Q在地震频带范围内不随频率变化.高阶广义流变模型能够在时间域内精确的表征品质因子Q不随频率变化的特征,为黏弹性介质波动方程精细模拟奠定了基础.基于广义标准线性体模型理论,采用最小二乘拟合方法对Q值不随频率变化特征进行拟合,分析了不同阶次广义标准线性体模型对黏弹性介质Q值特征的拟合程度,在权衡计算精度和三维计算量的基础上,确定了五阶广义标准线性体模型并建立了相应的三维黏弹性波的速度-应力方程,结合CFS-PML边界条件开展了高精度三维黏弹性波正演模拟.通过均匀介质正演模拟,验证算法的正确性,明确了地震波的传播时的吸收衰减特征,对三维盐丘模型进行数值模拟,表明了五阶广义标准线性体可以精确的模拟黏弹性介质地震波吸收衰减特征. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2017,(1)
地震波沿自由表面传播P波和S波干涉会产生面波现象。因此,地震波数值模拟中需要精确地处理自由表面边界以获取面波传播的数值解。本文提出了一种基于动态孔弹性理论包含自由表面边界处理的时空域交错网格有限差分数值计算方法。针对自由表面,推广弹性介质中的传统应力镜像自由边界处理方法,提出一种新的描述孔隙介质固体和流体自由边界特征适用于面波模拟的应力镜像法。自由表面所在网格节点上的相应镜像的处理就能获得稳定精确的面波数值解。数值模拟得到的第一类Rayleigh波的结果表明该算法在相应的弹性介质中一样的网格剖分下就可获得保证精度的稳定解。数值模拟的例子反映了本文所述方法的有效性。 相似文献
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本文通过数值模拟研究了介质黏弹性对瑞雷波传播的影响.模拟采用结合了交错Adams-Bashforth时间积分法、应力镜像法和多轴完美匹配层的标准交错网格高阶有限差分方案.通过模拟结果和理论结果对比，测试了方法的精度，验证了结果的正确性.在均匀半空间模型中，分别从波场快照、波形曲线及频散能量图三个角度，对黏弹性介质瑞雷波衰减和频散特性进行了详细分析.两层速度递增模型被用于进一步分析瑞雷波在黏弹性层状介质中的特性.结果表明：由于介质的黏弹性，瑞雷波振幅发生衰减，高频成分比低频成分衰减更剧烈，衰减程度随偏移距增大而增强；瑞雷波相速度发生频散，且随频率增大而增大，频散能量的分辨率有所降低；黏弹性波动方程中的参考频率，不会影响瑞雷波振幅衰减和相速度频散的程度，但决定了黏弹性和弹性介质瑞雷波相速度相等的频率位置.本研究有助于人们更好地理解地球介质中瑞雷波的行为，并为瑞雷波勘探的应用和研究提供了科学和有价值的参考. 相似文献
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本文基于广义线性黏弹性体,通过引入黏弹性拉梅常量,提出拉梅差异矩阵,给出了非均匀各向同性介质的黏弹性波简化方程.拉梅差异矩阵具有和物性矩阵相似的形式,与弹性、黏弹性物性矩阵之间具有特定的数量关系,体现了黏弹性与弹性物性参数之间的差异程度,可以大大简化方程.并利用该简化方程对SEG/EAGE二维盐丘模型进行了正演数值模拟,将模拟得到的单炮记录和声波、Carcione黏弹性波方程模拟得到的单炮记录进行了对比分析.结果表明该简化方程模拟得到的单炮记录不仅具有较好的效果,而且比Carcione黏弹性波方程计算效率高,与理论分析基本相符. 相似文献
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为研究瑞雷面波的形成机理及传播规律，促进瑞雷面波资料处理方法的发展，本文根据弹性波方程，采用交错网格有限差分数值求解算法，对浅层各向同性弹性介质进行了包括瑞雷面波和体波在内的全波场模拟. 提出了变系数吸收边界条件并将之应用于正演模拟，使边界条件的处理简单而高效，同时给出了角点的处理方法. 对工程勘察中常见的连续和层状介质模型进行了模拟，获得了更加接近实际情况的地震记录. 结合模拟记录，探讨了瑞雷面波的形成条件，同时讨论了震源埋深对面波能量的影响. 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(2)
在波动方程有限差分波场数值模拟中,为了使计算得到的边界波场值更接近于真实的边界波场值,需要使用边界条件以减少来自计算区域边界的人为反射能量。传统的分裂式完全匹配层(SPML)吸收边界条件不能有效吸收掠射波,后来发展的不分裂卷积完全匹配层(CPML)能够较好地处理这个问题,并且CPML在处理边界问题时无需对波场进行非物理分裂。本文针对Kelvin-Voigt模型的黏弹性介质,采用高阶交错网格有限差分方法进行数值模拟,同时利用CPML吸收边界条件进行边界处理。数值模拟结果表明:与弹性波相比,大角度入射产生的低频掠射波对黏弹性波的影响更大;CPML吸收边界条件对低频掠射波的吸收效果比传统的SPML吸收边界条件更好。 相似文献
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Pseudospectral modeling and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) is one of the most widely used techniques in environmental and engineering geophysics to determine shear-wave velocities and dynamic properties, which is based on the elastic layered system theory. Wave propagation in the Earth, however, has been recognized as viscoelastic and the propagation of Rayleigh waves presents substantial differences in viscoelastic media as compared with elastic media. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out numerical simulation and dispersion analysis of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media to better understand Rayleigh-wave behaviors in the real world. We apply a pseudospectral method to the calculation of the spatial derivatives using a Chebyshev difference operator in the vertical direction and a Fourier difference operator in the horizontal direction based on the velocity–stress elastodynamic equations and relations of linear viscoelastic solids. This approach stretches the spatial discrete grid to have a minimum grid size near the free surface so that high accuracy and resolution are achieved at the free surface, which allows an effective incorporation of the free surface boundary conditions since the Chebyshev method is nonperiodic. We first use an elastic homogeneous half-space model to demonstrate the accuracy of the pseudospectral method comparing with the analytical solution, and verify the correctness of the numerical modeling results for a viscoelastic half-space comparing the phase velocities of Rayleigh wave between the theoretical values and the dispersive image generated by high-resolution linear Radon transform. We then simulate three types of two-layer models to analyze dispersive-energy characteristics for near-surface applications. Results demonstrate that the phase velocity of Rayleigh waves in viscoelastic media is relatively higher than in elastic media and the fundamental mode increases by 10–16% when the frequency is above 10 Hz due to the velocity dispersion of P and S waves. 相似文献
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Wave-induced flow is observed as the dominated factor for P wave propagation at seismic frequencies. This mechanism has a mesoscopic scale nature. The inhomogeneous unsaturated patches are regarded larger than the pore size, but smaller than the wavelength. Surface wave, e.g., Rayleigh wave, which propagates along the free surface, generated by the interfering of body waves is also affected by the mesoscopic loss mechanisms. Recent studies have reported that the effect of the wave-induced flow in wave propagation shows a relaxation behavior. Viscoelastic equivalent relaxation function associated with the wave mode can describe the kinetic nature of the attenuation. In this paper, the equivalent viscoelastic relaxation functions are extended to take into account the free surface for the Rayleigh surface wave propagation in patchy saturated poroelastic media. Numerical results for the frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation and the time-dependent dynamical responses for the equivalent Rayleigh surface wave propagation along an interface between vacuum and patchy saturated porous media are reported in the low-frequency range (0.1–1,000 Hz). The results show that the dispersion and attenuation and kinetic characteristics of the mesoscopic loss effect for the surface wave can be effectively represented in the equivalent viscoelastic media. The simulation of surface wave propagation within mesoscopic patches requires solving Biot’s differential equations in very small grid spaces, involving the conversion of the fast P wave energy diffusion into the Biot slow wave. This procedure requires a very large amount of computer consumption. An efficient equivalent approach for this patchy saturated poroelastic media shows a more convenient way to solve the single phase viscoelastic differential equations. 相似文献
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Rayleigh波勘探方法在探测近地表横波速度、动力学特征等环境与工程地球物理领域获得了广泛应用.这种方法以弹性层状介质理论为基础,然而实际介质具有黏弹性,研究面波在层状黏弹性介质中的传播特征,将为近地表面波勘探提供有益帮助.在某些弹性层状介质模型中,例如存在低速夹层和强波阻抗差异地层模型,Rayleigh波相邻两条频散曲线彼此会非常靠近,产生看似彼此"交叉"的现象,即"osculation"现象,但对于黏弹性介质中的这种现象并没有进行相关的研究.本文利用Muller法计算层状黏弹性介质Rayleigh波频散方程,基于层状介质模型中Rayleigh波频散和衰减曲线连续的性质,结合本征位移曲线特征,分析二层黏弹性介质模型中Rayleigh波频散曲线"交叉"现象以及"交叉"点附近的波动特性.结果表明:与弹性介质相比,黏弹性介质中Rayleigh波的波动特性存在明显差异,随着介质对地震波的损耗越来越强,将导致Rayleigh波频散曲线发生"交叉"现象. 相似文献
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瑞利波具有能量大、信噪比高等特点,可以用来反演介质内部的力学信息,近年来在浅层地球物理勘探、深层地震学研究以及超声波无损检测等多个领域都有较广泛的应用。目前大多数瑞利波的应用中都假设介质是弹性的,然而实际中岩石、土壤和金属等介质都在一定程度上体现出了黏弹性。当介质的黏弹性较强时仍然采用弹性假设研究其中瑞利波的反演将增大误差,因此有必要考虑黏弹性介质中的瑞利波反演,但是目前这方面的研究仍不够深入。本文研究黏弹性介质中瑞利波频散曲线和衰减系数曲线的反演问题,给出其在半空间中联合反演的方法,并对该方法的误差进行分析。 相似文献
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Hua‐You Chai Tian‐Bin Li Kok‐Kwang Phoon Elton J. Chen Dian‐Ji Zhang 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(4):992-1003
In the free state, Rayleigh waves are assumed to travel in the form of planar wavefronts. Under such an assumption, the propagation behaviour of the modes of Rayleigh waves in layered half‐spaces is only frequency dependent. The frequency behaviour, which is often termed as dispersion, is determined by the shear wave velocity profile of layered soils within the depth related to wavelength (or frequency). According to this characteristic, the shear wave velocity profile can be back‐analysed from the dispersion. The technique is widely used in the surface wave testing. However, the wavefronts of Rayleigh waves activated by the surface sources are non‐planar. The geometric discrepancy could result in Rayleigh waves manifesting distance‐dependent behaviour, which is referred to as spatial behaviour in this paper. Conventional analysis ignoring this spatial behaviour could introduce unexpected errors. In order to take the effects of sources on the propagation behaviour into account, a new mathematical model is established for Rayleigh waves in layered elastic media under vertical disc‐like surface sources using the thin‐layer method. The spatial behaviour of the activated modes and the apparent phase velocity, which is the propagation velocity of Rayleigh waves superposed by the multiple modes, are then analysed. Aspects of the spatial behaviour investigated in this paper include the equilibrium path, the particle orbit, and the geometric attenuation of the activated Rayleigh waves. The results presented in this paper can provide some guidelines for developing new inverse mathematical models and algorithms. 相似文献
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Modified image algorithm to simulate seismic channel waves in 3D tunnel model with rugged free surfaces 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The existence of rugged free‐surface three‐dimensional tunnel conditions in the coal seams, caused either by geological or mining processes, will inevitably influence wave propagation characteristics when the seismic waves go through the coal mines. Thus, a modified image algorithm has been developed to account for seismic channel waves propagating through this complicated topography with irregular free surfaces. Moreover, the seismic channel waves commonly exhibit damped and dispersive signatures, which is not only because of their own unique sandwich geometry of rock–coal–rock but also because of the viscoelastic behavior of coal. Considering the complexity of programming in three‐dimensional tunnel models with rugged free surfaces, an optimized vacuum grid search algorithm, enabling to model highly irregular topography and to compute efficiently, is also proposed when using high‐order staggered finite‐difference scheme to simulate seismic channel wave propagations in viscoelastic media. The numerical simulations are implemented to investigate the accuracy and stability of the method and the impact of coal's viscoelastic behavior on seismic channel wave propagation characteristics. The results indicate that the automatic vacuum grid search algorithm can be easily merged into high‐order staggered finite‐difference scheme, which can efficiently be applied to calculate three‐dimensional tunnel models with rugged free surfaces in the viscoelastic media. The simulation also suggests that the occurrence of a three‐dimensional tunnel with free surfaces has a remarkable influence on the seismic channel wave propagation characteristics and elastic energy distribution. 相似文献
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层状介质中轴对称柱面瑞利面波频散函数的计算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本采用层状、均匀、各向同性和完全弹性模型，在柱坐标系下，利用位移应力在各界面处连续及自由表面边界条件和无穷远处的辐射条件，得出了层状介质中轴对称柱面瑞利面波的频散函数，并进行了数值计算，取得了好的效果。对瑞利面波在工程中的应用有一定的理论指导作用。 相似文献
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近年来的工程实践表明,以速度频散特性为理论基础的传统瑞利面波法的实际应用存在场地限制的瓶颈问题.为克服该困难,本文从面波的基础理论着手,在前人建立的水平层状介质中瑞利面波速度频散方程的基础上,推导了水平层状介质中瑞利面波质点位移的解析解公式.以工程中常见的几种典型的水平层状地层模型为例,结合地脉动单点谱比法(HVSR,Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratio),对基阶瑞利面波的椭圆极化特征进行了数值模拟研究.研究结果表明:与瑞利面波的速度频散特性类似,其椭圆极化同样具有频散特性,且椭圆极化时的质点位移水平分量与垂直分量的频谱比与地层泊松比结构有关.瑞利面波的这种椭圆极化特性展示了利用单点瑞利面波的多分量评价地层泊松比结构的理论可行性. 相似文献