共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
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《地震地质》2017,(5)
针对岩样在外载荷作用下失稳破坏前有声发射、微震和电荷等信号的异常变化特性,运用声发射、微震和电荷感应等全波形综合监测设备对含断层带花岗岩在单轴压缩下变形破裂过程的信号进行同步监测。结果表明:含断层带花岗岩在弹性变形阶段有明显的声发射、微震和电荷感应同步前兆信号,在试样失稳破坏阶段有同步的声发射、微震和电荷感应大幅值前兆信号。断层带对花岗岩试件强度的影响是显著的,含断层带试件的单轴抗压强度大大降低。随着断层带倾角的减小,试样的单轴抗压强度降低,岩样更容易失稳,失稳破坏的能量也更大。随着断层带倾角的减小,试样变形破裂过程的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号都增多,试样出现同步的前兆信号时的应力降低,在试样失稳破坏阶段声发射、微震和电荷感应前兆信号事件的持续时间都增大。断层带倾角30°时,声发射、微震和电荷感应信号突变性增加,进入危险阶段大大提前,大震级事件也显著增多,在矿井大倾角断层处更为危险。在试样失稳破坏阶段前同步产生密集且大幅值的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号,持续时间较短;在试样失稳破坏阶段同步产生密集且最强的声发射、微震和电荷感应信号,持续时间较长。声发射监测数据能较好地反映岩石的微小破裂情况,对声发射、微震和电荷感应前兆信号相结合分析,可以更准确地获得岩石失稳破坏的前兆信息。 相似文献
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《世界地震译丛》2016,(2)
应用电磁辐射(EME)和声发射(AE)信号检测研究了机械应力加载条件下脆性、介电性材料的断裂。对环氧树脂样品采用3点弯曲实验装置施加应力使之破裂,同时监测破裂引起的电磁辐射和声发射信号。本次研究的重点是裂纹面的走向及距离对检测到的电磁辐射信号的影响。由于采用的电磁辐射传感器是电容式传感器,我们利用人工检测源测试了传感器、连接的放大器、数据采集卡以及内置带通滤波器的系统响应特征。基于在破裂面位置上模拟的表面电荷密度,我们提出了一种电磁辐射信号的源。将电磁辐射源的有限元方法模拟结果与实验结果进行比较,显示出较好的一致性。实验结果显示辐射出的电磁场优势方向明显,检测到的信号幅值显著依赖于信号源到传感器的距离,并发现测量链对检测到的电磁信号带宽具有显著影响。进一步研究表明电磁信号由3部分构成,分别产生于不同机制,即裂纹生长过程中电荷的分离和弛豫,以及带电裂纹面的振动。 相似文献
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在单轴压力下对辉长岩、大理岩等岩石破裂过程中产生的电、磁、声信号作了实验研究。实验分干、湿两种情况进行, 测试系统的频响范围为超低频。主要结果是:获得了岩样从受压到解体过程中, 在0-20kHz频段内的电磁辐射和声发射信号的原始波形;岩石破裂过程中电磁信号的辐射强度与岩石的岩性、含水量、破裂强度、加载率和破裂状态有关;岩石破裂过程中的电磁辐射率和声发射率有关系, 它们的最大值在时间上相对应的约占70%,而且电磁辐射信号比声发射信号发育, 持续时间也较长;实验中以铜板天线为接收传感器的电磁信号的主能潜在6kHz以下, 而以电感线圈为接收传感器的电磁信号主能谱在10kHz左右, 声发射的主能谱在3kHz以下;声发射信号出现之前有明显的电磁信号。由于岩石在破裂过程中辐射的电磁信号与声发射有较好的对应关系, 因此可以认为, 岩石破裂实验中获得的电磁辐射信号与岩石破裂有密切的关系。所以, 地震前观测到的电磁辐射异常主要是由岩石的破裂引起的。至于实验中在声发射之前出现的电磁信号, 则可能与压电、压磁效应有关。 相似文献
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利用自主研制的电荷感应仪,建立单轴压缩条件下煤岩电荷感应试验系统.研究了煤、花岗岩、砂岩在不同加载速率下的电荷感应规律.试验结果表明:煤岩电荷感应最大值在应力达到极限强度前出现,且随加载速率增加,电荷最大值比应力极限强度提前出现时间有减短趋势.不同性质煤岩体,电荷感应最大值有较大区别,花岗岩电荷最大值大于煤电荷最大值,煤电荷最大值大于砂岩电荷最大值.当应力较小时,煤岩只产生微量的电荷信号,当应力达到煤岩极限应力的90%左右时产生大量的电荷信号,说明煤岩电荷感应存在应力阈值.因此,电荷感应方法作为预测预报动力灾害是可行的,值得深入研究. 相似文献
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准确预测煤岩破裂震源方位,确定采掘工作面重点灾害区域,可以使煤岩动力灾害防治措施更为有效.根据煤岩变形破裂电磁效应规律和电磁波基础理论,提出了一种利用电磁信号能量来确定局部震源方位的方法,并通过实验室定向接收实验和平煤十矿现场测试验证该方法的有效性.结果表明,电磁信号强度随着煤岩体应力状态变化而变化;两个正交天线接收的电磁信号能量分别与各自接收夹角余弦值的平方成正比,利用此比例关系可以确定震源的方位;电磁信号定位方法与静态指标法预测局部区域危险性具有较好的检验一致性.研究成果为煤岩动力灾害重点灾害区域的判定提供依据. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2016,(2)
本文从现状分析和实验测试两方面探索次声波监测煤岩动力灾害的可行性,分析煤岩单轴压缩过程中次声波信号与加载应力的对应关系.研究结果表明:1)次声波技术可以实现矿井煤岩动力灾害的远距离、非接触性监测;2)煤岩在单轴加载变形破裂过程中能产生显著的次声波信号,在失稳破坏即将发生或发生时,次声波信号出现较大幅度值;3)在受载煤岩变形破裂过程中,次声波信号幅度值随着应力的增大呈增强趋势,两者具有较好的对应关系.次声波具有传播距离远、衰减小和穿透能力强等特点,对煤岩变形破裂过程中产生次声波现象的进一步研究可为预测预报矿井煤岩动力灾害的发生提供重要的研究方法和技术手段. 相似文献
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煤炭变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
对受载煤体变形破裂产生电磁辐射地实验研究及规律分析,并对煤炭变形破裂电磁辐射的机理进行了探讨分析。研究结果表明,煤体变形破裂时能够产生电磁辐射,电磁辐射信号与声发射信号并非严格同步,电磁辐射信号罗声发射信号丰富,电磁辐射与煤盎体的变形破裂过程密切相关。煤炭电在辐射技术在揭示煤岩变形破裂机理,预测、预报地震、矿山煤炭灾害动力现象及岩石混凝土稳定性方面有着非常广泛的应用前景。 相似文献
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岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究 总被引：21，自引：6，他引：21
本文提出了岩石破裂时的电磁辐射是裂纹尖端电荷随着裂纹加速扩展运动所产生的假说.应用断裂力学方法推导了岩石破裂时初始裂纹长度与裂纹扩展加速度的关系,并计算了其速度和加速度值.根据破裂岩石的电子发射理论,解释了裂纹尖端带电荷的现象.利用岩石在单轴压缩致裂过程中记录到的近场电磁辐射的实验结果,计算了裂纹扩展时裂纹尖端的电荷量和远场电磁辐射强度.通过对电磁辐射波谱分析的研究,得到岩石破裂时电磁辐射频率上限的估计值.最后对岩石破裂时出现的声光电磁现象在理论上作了统一的定性的解释. 相似文献
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EXPERIMENT STUDY ON ACOUSTIC EMISSION,MICROSEISM AND CHARGE INDUCTION DURING FRACTURE PROCESS OF GRANITE WITH FAULT ZONE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rock samples will produce abnormal signals of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals under external loading, the waveform comprehensive monitoring devices are used to synchronously monitor acoustic emission, microseismic and charge signals during the deformation and failure process of granite with fault zone under uniaxial compression. The results show that, the granite with fault zone has obvious synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction in the elastic deformation stage, and has high amplitude synchronous precursory signals in the instability destruction stage. The influence of fault zone on granite samples strength is remarkable, and the uniaxial compressive strength of samples with the fault zone is greatly reduced. With the angle of the fault zone decreasing, the uniaxial compressive strength of the specimens is reduced, the samples are more liable to instability and the energy of instability destruction is greater. With the fault zone angle of granite samples decreasing, the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signals increase in the deformation and failure process of samples. The samples stress decreases when the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals appear synchronously. The duration of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals is increasing in the instability destruction stage. When the angle of the fault zone reaches 30°, the mutability of acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction signal increases, the time to enter the dangerous stage is much earlier, and the acoustic emission events of large magnitude increase significantly, and the large angle faults of coal mine are more dangerous. The intensive and high amplitude synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced before the instability destruction, and the signals duration is shorter. The intensive and strongest synchronous precursory signals of acoustic emission, microseism and charge induction are produced in the instability destruction, and the signals duration is longer. Acoustic emission monitoring data can better reflect the micro rupture of rock. And combined with the acoustic emission, microseismic and charge induction precursory signals, the precursory information of rock instability destruction can be obtained more accurately. 相似文献
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Experimental study on the mechanism of non-synchronism of seismo-electromagnetic radiation precursors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｒｏｕｇｈ２０－ｏｄｄｙｅａｒｓ’ｏｂｓｅｒｖａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｔｕｄｙａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅ１９７６Ｔａｎｇｓｈａｎｇｒｅａｔｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅ,ｔｈｅｓｅｉｓｍｏ－ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃｒａｄｉａｔｉｏｎｐｒｅｃ... 相似文献
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实验研究了原煤、型煤单轴压缩电磁辐射记忆效应特征、记忆内容及变化规律，探讨并分析了煤岩电磁辐射记忆效应机理.结果表明，煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射具有记忆先期最大应力、纵向应变、横向应变和体应变的能力，最直接的记忆内容是先期受到的应力、纵向应变和横向应变；当先期施加的应力水平大于70%～80%时，电磁辐射记忆能力迅速减弱，甚至根本失去记忆能力；煤岩损伤破坏过程的不可逆决定了电磁辐射过程的不可逆，电磁辐射过程的不可逆是煤岩变形破坏电磁辐射记忆效应的直接原因.煤岩电磁辐射记忆效应理论在地应力测试、巷道围岩不同应力区范围的确定及煤岩动力灾害预测等方面具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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Experimental study of ultralong wave band for electro－magnetic signals and acoustic emission during rock fracture 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔａｌ ｓｔｕｄｙ ｏｆ ｕｌｔｒａｌｏｎｇ ｗａｖｅ ｂａｎｄ ｆｏｒ ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏ－ｍａｇｎｅｔｉｃ ｓｉｇｎａｌｓ ａｎｄ ａｃｏｕｓｔｉｃ ｅｍｉｓｓｉｏｎ ｄｕｒｉｎｇ ｒｏｃｋ ｆｒａｃｔｕｒｅ（曹惠馨）（钱书清）（吕... 相似文献
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This paper reports an experimental study of the evolution of permeability during rock brittle failure and a theoretical analysis of rock critical stress level. It is assumed that the rock is a strain-softening medium whose strength can be described by Weibull’s distribution. Based on the two-dimensional renormalization group theory, it is found that the stress level λc (the ratio of the stress at the critical point to the peak stress) depends mainly on the homogeneity index or shape parameter m in the Weibull’s distribution for the rock. Experimental results show that the evolution of permeability is closely related to rock deformation stages: the permeability has a rapid increase with the growth of cracks and their surface areas (i.e., onset of fracture coalescence point), and reaches the maximum at rock failure. Both the experimental and analytical results show that this point of rapid increase in permeability on the permeability-pressure curve corresponds to the critical point on the stress-strain curve; for rock compression, the stress at this point is approximately 80% of the peak strength. Thus, monitoring the evolution of permeability may provide a new means of identifying the critical point of rock brittle fracture. 相似文献
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Valentina Rocchi Peter R. Sammonds Christopher R.J. Kilburn 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2003,120(1-2):25-42
Understanding how the strength of basaltic rock varies with the extrinsic conditions of stress state, pressure and temperature, and the intrinsic rock physical properties is fundamental to understanding the dynamics of volcanic systems. In particular it is essential to understand how rock strength at high temperatures is limited by fracture. We have collated and analysed laboratory data for basaltic rocks from over 500 rock deformation experiments and plotted these on principal stress failure maps. We have fitted an empirical flow law (Norton’s law) and a theoretical fracture criterion to these data. The principal stress failure map is a graphical representation of ductile and brittle experimental data together with flow and fracture envelopes under varying strain rate, temperature and pressure. We have used these maps to re-interpret the ductile–brittle transition in basaltic rocks at high temperatures and show, conceptually, how these failure maps can be applied to volcanic systems, using lava flows as an example. 相似文献