共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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为了建立矿区范围内的煤层气成藏模式,查明控气主要因素,对后期井网布置、钻井、压裂、排采等提供重要依据。基于新疆阜康白杨河矿区的地质条件和煤层气特征,进行成藏模式的系统研究,结合灰色关联理论分析,总结出成藏主控因素。研究结果显示:矿区内42#目标煤层厚度大、煤层含气量高,与煤层埋深呈正相关性;煤层直接顶底板的砂岩致密性好,形成较好的封盖条件。综合分析认为矿区南部位于单斜底部,埋深大、煤层厚、含气量高,封盖条件好,是煤层气富集的有利区域,并提出了致密顶底板、单斜构造和水文地质条件的联合封闭成藏模式。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(6)
五龙沟金矿整装勘查区地处青藏高原中北部,开展地面电磁法难度大.以直升机为平台搭载VTEM系统,在整装勘查区东南缘开展了1∶1万时间域航空电磁、航磁测量,结果显示矿体航电异常明显,呈双峰、高时间常数和低阻特征;同时,矿体处于-60~-40 n T的负磁场梯度带上,周围可见局部升高5~10 n T的低幅磁异常.对该航电异常进行板状体反演,板状体埋深、规模和产状等参数与后续收集到的矿体产状等信息基本一致,表明该方法对已知构造蚀变岩型金矿反映好.结合地质、化探等资料,建立了构造蚀变岩金矿的找矿模型,圈定了靶区6片,其中1片经钻孔验证发现隐伏矿体.时间域航空电磁、航磁对构造蚀变岩型金矿找矿效果好,能克服地面电磁法受制于高海拔、复杂地形等恶劣条件影响的诸多困难,可用于勘查区已知矿区深边部和空白区的"攻深找盲"以及其他地区的金及多金属矿勘查工作. 相似文献
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辽宁省辽阳市弓长岭铁矿接替资源勘查辽宁省冶金地质勘查局地质勘查研究陆海团队及鞍钢集团矿业公司弓长岭矿业公司通过勘查工作,大致查明了弓长岭铁矿二矿区上部铁层在中央区和东南区深部的分布特征,扩大了矿床规模,增加了矿床的资源量,获得新增加的铁矿石(333)类资源 相似文献
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本文首先在K-L变换原理研究的基础上推出了改进的K-L变换即K-LL变换.然后利用复兴屯矿田重、磁资料对该区重、磁场,作了大量的位场转换处理,从中提取的与复兴屯矿区矿产预测有关的32个重磁变量.最后利用K-LL变换对由该区32个重磁变量进行变换压缩.以信息失小于5%为准则,选取前四个因子为组合变量形成该区矿产预测的重、磁场的有效标志空间,并对四个因子所代表的变量进行分析和确定. 相似文献
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生态农业复垦是根据生态学和生态经济学原理,应用土地复垦技术和生态工程技术,对因采矿损毁的土地进行整治和利用。文章利用能值分析理论构建复垦区评价指标体系,对复垦区能值投入、产出状况、环境承载状况以及土地利用强度进行定量分析。研究表明,生态农业复垦是潘家窑井工矿土地复垦的发展方向。农业生态复垦不仅能整治因采矿活动损毁的土地,恢复、改善矿区的生态环境,有效增加矿区耕地面积,而且有利于促进矿区农业长期、快速、稳定发展,具有明显的经济、社会和生态效益。 相似文献
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Knowing little about how porosity and permeability are distributed at depth, we commonly develop models of groundwater by treating the subsurface as a homogeneous black box even though porosity and permeability vary with depth. One reason for this depth variation is that infiltrating meteoric water reacts with minerals to affect porosity in localized zones called reaction fronts. We are beginning to learn to map and model these fronts beneath headwater catchments and show how they are distributed. The subsurface landscapes defined by these fronts lie subparallel to the soil-air interface but with lower relief. They can be situated above, below, or at the water table. These subsurface landscapes of reaction are important because porosity developed from weathering can control subsurface water storage. In addition, porosity often changes at the weathering fronts, and when this affects permeability significantly, the front can act like a valve that re-orients water flowing through the subsurface. We explore controls on the positions of reaction fronts under headwater landscapes by accounting for the timescales of erosion, chemical equilibration, and solute transport. One strong control on the landscape of subsurface reaction is the land surface geometry, which is in turn a function of the erosion rate. In addition, the reaction fronts, like the water table, are strongly affected by the lithology and water infiltration rate. We hypothesize that relationships among the land surface, reaction fronts, and the water table are controlled by feedbacks that can push landscapes towards an ‘ideal hill’. In this steady state, reaction-front valves partition water volumes into shallow and deep flowpaths. These flows dissolve low- and high-solubility minerals, respectively, allowing their reaction fronts to advance at the erosion rate. This conceptualization could inform better models of subsurface porosity and permeability, replacing the black box. 相似文献
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—?Because the Soultz Hot Dry Rock (HDR) site, France, is to be expanded to a scientific pilot plant of greater depth, measurement of the deep area below the predeveloped artificial reservoir is gaining importance. In this paper, we present estimates of deep subsurface structure at the Soultz HDR site, obtained by a reflection method using acoustic emission (AE) signals, that is, induced seismicity, as the wave source. First, we briefly describe the AE reflection method in the time-frequency domain with wavelet transform. Then we show estimates of the subsurface structure by using 101 high-energy AE events observed in 1993. We compare and discuss the results obtained, using the AE reflection method in two wells with other independent borehole observations. Furthermore, we present the results of an investigation of the frequency dependence of reflectors identified by hodogram linearity as a possible means of further characterizing detected structures. 相似文献
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中国的快速工业化发展和经济腾飞必须有大量金属矿产资源的支撑,在共享世界资源的同时,其根本出路在于立足本土．因此提出第二深度空间（500～2000 m）金属矿产资源的找矿勘探新理念．通过对国内外金属矿产资源地球物理勘探发展的概况分析和研究提出：①金属矿产资源的集聚和分布受控于地壳内部物质与能量的交换和其深层动力过程;②在地壳内部第二深度空间存在着丰富的矿产资源,包括大型和超大型矿床;③必须充分发挥高精度地球物理探测方法的效能,并进行综合技术集成． 相似文献
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The spatial distribution of reactive minerals in the subsurface is often a primary factor controlling the fate and transport of contaminants in groundwater systems. However, direct measurement and estimation of heterogeneously distributed minerals are often costly and difficult to obtain. While previous studies have shown the utility of using hydrologic measurements combined with inverse modeling techniques for tomography of physical properties including hydraulic conductivity, these methods have seldom been used to image reactive geochemical heterogeneities. In this study, we focus on As-bearing reactive minerals as aquifer contaminants. We use synthetic applications to demonstrate the ability of inverse modeling techniques combined with mechanistic reactive transport models to image reactive mineral lenses in the subsurface and quantify estimation error using indirect, commonly measured groundwater parameters. Specifically, we simulate the mobilization of arsenic via kinetic oxidative dissolution of As-bearing pyrite due to dissolved oxygen in the ambient groundwater, which is an important mechanism for arsenic release in groundwater both under natural conditions and engineering applications such as managed aquifer recharge and recovery operations. The modeling investigation is carried out at various scales and considers different flow-through domains including (i) a 1D lab-scale column (80 cm), (ii) a 2D lab-scale setup (60 cm × 30 cm) and (iii) a 2D field-scale domain (20 m × 4 m). In these setups, synthetic dissolved oxygen data and forward reactive transport simulations are used to image the spatial distribution of As-bearing pyrite using the Principal Component Geostatistical Approach (PCGA) for inverse modeling. 相似文献
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Controls on deep critical zone architecture: a historical review and four testable hypotheses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The base of Earth's critical zone (CZ) is commonly shielded from study by many meters of overlying rock and regolith. Though deep CZ processes may seem far removed from the surface, they are vital in shaping it, preparing rock for infusion into the biosphere and breaking Earth materials down for transport across landscapes. This special issue highlights outstanding challenges and recent advances of deep CZ research in a series of articles that we introduce here in the context of relevant literature dating back to the 1500s. Building on several contributions to the special issue, we highlight four exciting new hypotheses about factors that drive deep CZ weathering and thus influence the evolution of life‐sustaining CZ architecture. These hypotheses have emerged from recently developed process‐based models of subsurface phenomena including: fracturing related to subsurface stress fields; weathering related to drainage of bedrock under hydraulic head gradients; rock damage from frost cracking due to subsurface temperature gradients; and mineral reactions with reactive fluids in subsurface chemical potential gradients. The models predict distinct patterns of subsurface weathering and CZ thickness that can be compared with observations from drilling, sampling and geophysical imaging. We synthesize the four hypotheses into an overarching conceptual model of fracturing and weathering that occurs as Earth materials are exhumed to the surface across subsurface gradients in stress, hydraulic head, temperature, and chemical potential. We conclude with a call for a coordinated measurement campaign designed to comprehensively test the four hypotheses across a range of climatic, tectonic and geologic conditions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Abstract In the temperate and semiarid environment the salinity of both surface and subsurface (meteoric) waters is dominated by the weathering products of soil and aquifer minerals, since even surface waters have a history of subsurface flow. In the desert environment, in contrast, surface flows are more superficial and their chemistry dominated by the aeolian salinity. This has both a marine input and a contribution from recycled salinity from surface accumulation of evaporitic minerals. Both these sources have chloride (and to a lesser extent sulphate) as the dominant anion. 相似文献
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Acid sulphate soil（ASS） is a kind of soil which is harmful to the environment.ASS is hard to efficiently assess efficiently in the subsurface,although it is detectable on the surface by remote sensing.This paper aims to explore a new way to rapidly assess ASS in the subsurface by introducing a proximal hyperspectral instrument,namely the HyloggerTM system which can rapidly scan soil cores and provide high resolution hyperspectral data.Some minerals in ASS,which usually act as indicators of the severity of ASS,such as iron oxides,hydroxides,and sulphates,as well as some clay minerals,such as kaolinite,have diagnostic spectral absorption features in the reflectance spectral range（400-2500 nm）.Soil cores were collected from a study area and hyperspectral data were acquired by HyloggerTM scanning.The main minerals related to ASS were characterized spectrally,and were subsequently identified and mapped in the soil cores based on their reflectance spectral characteristics.Traditional X-ray diffraction（XRD） and scanning electron microscope（SEM） were also applied to verify the results of the mineral identification.The main results of this study include the spectral characterisation of ASS and its main compositional minerals,as well as the distribution of these relevant minerals in different depth of cores. 相似文献
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随着找矿勘探工作程度的不断深入,许多露天的和近地表的金属矿产资源已基本上被查明,在地表浅部(第一深度空间:0~500 m深度)找到大型或超大型金属矿床的难度将必越来越大,而金属矿产资源的短缺已在日益加剧.为了缓解当今的资源危机,必须进行深部找矿勘探(第二深度空间:500~2000 m深度).这是因为在地壳深部具有良好的成矿环境和找矿潜力,地球物理勘探技术的发展与成效已使得深部找矿成为可能.本文通过分析和讨论国内外典型金属矿产资源找矿过程的实践表明:地球物理勘探方法发挥着重要作用,因为它具有大探测深度、高精度和高分辨率的特点,可为深部金属矿勘查提供有效信息,是第二深度空间找矿勘探的有力手段.近年来,国内外的实践表明,深部矿产资源的地球物理勘探取得了尚在不断取得重要成效. 相似文献
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利用支持向量分类(SVC)估算断层深度和特征选择(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammad Ehsan Hekmatian Vahid E. Ardestani Mohammad Ali Riahi Ayyub Memar Koucheh Bagh Jalal Amini 《应用地球物理》2013,10(1):88-96
地下断层深度的估算是重力解释难题之一,我们试利用支持向量分类(SVC)法进行计算。使用正演和非线性反演技术,通过相关误错使检测地下断层深度成为可能。但必要有一个深度初始猜测值,而且这猜测值通常不是由重力资料得。本文我们介绍以SVC作为利用重力数据估算断层深度的一种手段。在这项研究中,我们假设一种地下断层深度可归为一种类型,SVC作为一个分类算法。为了有效地利用此SVC算法,我们基于一个正确的特征选择算法去选择正确的深度特征。本次研究中我们建立了一套基于不同深度地下断层的合成重力剖面训练集,用以训练用于计算实际的地下断层深度的SVC代码。然后用其它合成重力剖面训练集测试我们训练的SVC代码,同时也用实际资料验证了我们的训练SVC代码。 相似文献
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目前地表矿、浅部矿越来越少，寻找深部盲矿体变得尤为重要.可控源音频大地电磁法（CSAMT）具有抗干扰能力强、分辨率高等特点，在探测矿产资源中已经取得了较好效果，但是通常CSAMT在矿区找深部矿时，由于在巷道上方的地表接收电磁信号会受到地面不同类型的强电磁干扰，同时由于该方法对深部矿体分辨率较低的缘故，大大影响了CSAMT的应用效果.本文尝试将CSAMT的接收系统置于巷道中，使得接收系统更加接近地下目标体，期望提高对于目标体识别的准确性，保证资源勘查的工作效率和成功率.基于积分方程法对不同类型地质模型进行了CSAMT正演模拟，并对不同模型不同深度接收的CSAMT响应特征进行了分析，同时以MARE2DEM软件模拟的二维模型响应加以验证积分方程结果的正确性.结果表明在无电磁干扰条件下，在巷道接收到的电磁场信号虽弱于地面，但其对于深部盲矿或目标体具有较强的识别度. 相似文献