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为了查明乌鲁木齐西山—碗窑沟断裂带地应力分布特征, 在研究区20 km×20 km的范围内布置12个基岩应力钻孔,采用水压致裂地应力测量技术进行了基岩原地应力测量;共布置了2条观测剖面,第一剖面是沿断层走向布置了7个钻孔,第二剖面在垂直断层走向布置了6个钻孔(与第一剖面共用1个钻孔).根据实测的地应力资料,断层附近最大水平主压应力方向为NE—NEE向,与区域构造应力SN—NNE向主压方向有一些差异,说明受断层活动影响,断层附近的应力状态与区域应力场明显不同.利用地应力实测资料,研究了断层的活动性,在测量深度域内水平和垂直应力的关系为σH＞σh＞σv,该应力状态有利于逆断层活动,与地质资料反映的以逆断层活动为主基本一致.利用库仑摩擦滑动准则,摩擦系数取0.6~1.0分析,断层附近的现今地应力状态达到或超过产生逆断层摩擦滑动的临界值,表明测区现今构造应力有利于逆断层活动. 相似文献
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利用水压致裂原地应力测试技术,在乌鲁木齐市区碗窑沟断裂东段、雅玛里克断裂东段和西山断裂带中、东段开展了断层附近原地应力测量研究,得到了地表浅部构造应力的大小、方向和分布特征。钻孔HFZK3位于碗窑沟断裂东段的南侧,孔深62.13m;钻孔HFZK5位于雅玛里克断裂东段的南侧,孔深30.00m;钻孔HFZK9和HFZK12都位于西山断裂带的中、东段,孔深分别为34m和54.5m。根据实测的地应力资料,断层附近最大水平主压应力方向为NE—NEE向,与区域构造应力SN—NNE向主压方向有一些差异,说明受断层活动影响,断层附近的应力状态与区域应力场明显不同。利用地应力实测资料研究了断层的活动性,在测量深度域内水平和垂直应力的关系为σH>σh>σV,该应力状态有利于逆断层活动,与地质资料反映的以逆断层活动为主基本一致。利用库仑摩擦滑动准则,摩擦强度取0.6～1.0进行分析,断层附近的现今地应力状态达到或超过产生逆断层摩擦滑动的临界值,表明测区现今构造活动以逆断层为主。研究区的3条断层不具备发生走滑断层活动的可能性,其中雅玛里克断裂东段、西山断裂带中段和东段具有发生逆断层活动的可能性,相比而言,西山断裂带中段危险性更大 相似文献
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通过在福建沿海边缘陆域地区活动断裂带附近进行水压致裂原地应力测量, 得到了地表浅部构造应力的大小、方向和分布特征. 根据实测的地应力资料,用库仑摩擦滑动准则分析研究了断裂带的性质和活动性. 结果表明:① 沿海岸线边缘自北向南,其最大水平主压应力方向为北西向,与测区北西向断裂带走向近于平行,与地质构造、跨断层形变测量等方法反映的主压应力方向大体一致,与震源机制解反映的主压应力方向夹角20deg;左右; ② 水平主应力值随深度增加而增大,与垂直应力值的关系为SHSVSh和SHasymp;SV Sh, 应力状态有利于走滑断层和正断层活动;③ 利用库仑摩擦滑动准则,摩擦强度取0.6～1.0分析, 断层附近的现今地应力状态达到或超过产生正断层摩擦滑动的临界值,表明测区现今构造活动以正断层为主; ④ 反映出本区现今构造应力场的力源主要来自太平洋板块向西和菲律宾板块向北西对欧亚板块的水平挤压作用. 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2017,(3)
郯庐断裂带是中国东部大陆一条深大断裂带,也是规模最大的第四纪活动构造带和地震活动带,断裂带及邻区现代构造应力场明显控制了活动断裂的运动方式、活动强度和地震活动等,深入研究郯庐断裂带及邻区地壳浅层应力环境,对于探讨断裂带现今活动性无疑具有重要的科学意义.在总结前人研究成果的基础上,本文首先依据郯庐断裂带及邻区(山东-环渤海-辽宁)6个600~1000 m深孔地应力实测数据,初步揭示断裂带及邻区地壳浅层应力分布规律,并分析其在不同构造部位之间的差异;其次,结合研究区已有其他基础应力数据(震源机制解、钻孔崩落、应力解除及断层滑动矢量反演数据等),详细分析断裂带及邻区现今构造应力场及其对断裂活动方式的影响;最后依据库仑破裂摩擦准则,从力学角度分别探讨不同的应力状态和摩擦强度对郯庐断裂带山东、渤海及辽宁段现今活动稳定性的影响,同时参考断裂带及邻区近代地震活动分布特征,积极探索活动断裂带附近深孔地应力测量在地震地质研究领域中的应用思路. 相似文献
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断裂构造对斜坡应力场影响的数值模拟及成灾机理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
断裂构造及活动强度对斜坡体的应力场分布具有重要的影响。采用基于强度折减法的有限元法,分别以正断层和逆断层与斜坡体的组合关系为例,剖析了断裂构造对斜坡体应力场的影响及成灾机理,揭示了含有断层的斜坡体塑性区的贯通过程。研究表明,包含断层的斜坡体在应力分布特征及斜坡变形破坏机理方面与无断层的斜坡体有较大差别：含断层的斜坡体在坡面和断层面附近的最大主应力迹线与坡面或断层面相平行,在天然状态下,塑性区同时出现在坡脚和断层面后方,随着折减系数的增大,塑性区分别从坡脚和断层面后方向坡体深部和上部发展,直至断层面前后两个塑性区相贯通,坡体发生破坏,并且对坡体变形破坏的影响程度以逆断层最强,其次为正断层,断层不活动时较弱。 相似文献
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本文研究了有限长度含有单一粗糙面的垂直走滑断层的滑动弱化不稳定性.我们假定断层强度在其深度方向是均匀的,而在走滑方向是不均匀的,即存在一个高强度段.并假定断层上的粗糙段及断层上的其它部分具有相同类型的本构律,只是峰值应力不同.断层周围的地壳材料用上、下表面应力自由的弹性平板来模拟.我们用有限元方法研究了理论位移场、应力场和应变场随远场位移的演变情况.此时,断层位移和摩擦应力并不是预先给定的,而是在求解过程中同时确定的.根据计算结果,我们比较了理论位移场及断层上摩擦应力分布在稳定和不稳定滑动情况时的差别.并与内部含有低强度段的走滑断层的场合做了比较. 相似文献
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苏门答腊地区发育多条左旋走滑性质断层,地震活动活跃.2006年3月2日该区西南海域发生了MS7.8大地震.大地震的发生常常会引发区域位移场和应力场及周围断层应力状态发生变化.本文建立全球PREM有限元地球模型,据已有的断层滑动模型计算了此次苏门答腊地震引发的同震位移和应力及库仑应力变化,并进一步讨论了此次地震对周围断层的影响以及区域构造应力场对库仑应力变化计算的影响.初步结果表明此次苏门答腊MS7.8地震造成较大的南北向水平位移且集中在探测者破裂区（Investigator Fracture Zone）,最大水平位移量约6.74 m,断层倾角接近垂直,下盘向北运动而上盘向南,进一步表明MS7.8地震为典型的左旋走滑为主的地震,发生海啸的可能性较低;库仑应力变化达MPa量级的区域集中在震中,但近场大部分余震分布在库仑应力减小区域,有效摩擦系数变化和区域构造应力场的耦合作用可能是其原因;利用改进的库仑应力变化计算方法和最优破裂方向计算得出的结果显示库仑应力触发理论可较好地解释余震分布. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(12)
以川滇地区地壳运动GPS观测、地壳上地幔结构模型、地震精确定位、构造应力场、断层滑动速率和岩石圈流变特性等观测和研究结果为约束,采用多组不同尺寸的摩擦接触单元表示断裂带,建立包含安宁河-则木河-小江断裂带的三维有限元模型,并考虑了1327年以来断裂带上强烈地震活动对研究区域构造应力状态的影响,对断裂带上强震活动的主要控制因素,未来可能的强震危险区分布和构造应力状态的关系进行模拟实验研究.研究结果表明,青藏高原重力位能的影响、相邻块体相互作用是该断裂带系统构造应力分布特征的主要动力学控制因.模拟给出的断裂带应力分布与断裂带上现今b值图像等地震活动参数有一定的对应关系;但同时也发现断裂带上部分异常低b值区落在模拟实验中历史强震活动产生的应力低值区,这种矛盾的对应关系可能受历史强震释放应变能等多方面因素所影响. 相似文献
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为获得矿山深部开采和设计所需要的地应力基础资料,中国地质科学院地质力学研究所于2012—2013年在冀东地区滦县—乐亭大断裂附近开展了3个钻孔水压致裂的应力测量工作,钻孔孔深为500—1 000 m.地应力测量结果初步揭示了研究区地壳浅表层现今地应力的分布规律.实测结果表明:现今研究区域应力场优势方向为NW70°;3个测点的最大剪切应力与平均应力的比值um范围为0.24—0.48,平均值分别为0.30,0.40和0.30,均未达到地壳应力摩擦极限状态(um=0.6)的水平,而唐山大地震后不久研究区浅层获得的um则较大,个别点大于0.6,平均值为0.44,表明唐山大地震后研究区应力积累程度较低,应力释放较为充分;依据断层摩擦准则及拜尔利定律可知,研究区发生较大地震活动的危险性较低. 相似文献
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本文根据北京以西至晋冀蒙交界地区的地震地质构造条件和地震活动资料,用有限单元法与位错理论分别研究了该地区的构造应力场与地震应力场,结合应力场的分布特征和近期小地震的活动特点,推断该地区存在两个应力相对集中区,即(1)黑山寺断裂以北、牛心川——四回庄断裂以东及梁家庄断裂以南所围成的地区;(2)天镇北断裂与韭菜沟——黄土堌堆断裂和张皋断裂汇交区所围成的长轴呈北西向的区域.其中,第一个应力相对集中区内怀来以西的下花园断裂、浑井东断裂和桑干河断裂的汇而不交处及其附近地区,未来发生强震的 相似文献
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青海共和盆地地质构造条件复杂,断层十分发育,区域内既有地热、太阳能、矿产等资源丰富,存在龙羊峡水库诱发地震环境背景。因此,分析青海共和盆地地应力特征与地质结构易滑性对于青海东部地区防震减灾具有重要意义。对盆地及附近区域内19个钻孔、65条水压致裂数据和44条应力解除实测数据进行统计分析,并基于断层摩擦强度理论、Byerlee-Anderson理论等断层力学相关理论讨论了研究区域断层易滑性与地震危险性。研究结果表明:研究区域内应力状态在深度350 m左右由逆冲型转换为走滑型,与区域内分布北北西右旋高角度逆断层相吻合;区域内最大水平主应力优势方位为N45°～E60°;地应力场初步结果反演表明研究区域应力场以逆冲型为主,局部地区兼走滑特征,与震源机制解反演结果一致;区域内断层平均摩擦系数为0.41,断层处于稳定状态,即断层易滑性较低,侧压力系数与应力积累指标插值分析结果同样表明断层整体易滑性较低,局部浅部断层带应力积累水平较高,综合分析推测断层易沿NW-SE向滑动。 相似文献
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STUDY ON THE SEISMOGENIC FAULT AND DYNAMICS PARAME-TERS OF THE 2014 MS6.6 JINGGU EARTHQUAKE IN YUNNAN 
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下载免费PDF全文 On October 17, 2014, a MS6.6 earthquake occurred in Jinggu, Yunnan. The epicenter was located in the western branch of Wuliang Mountain, the northwest extension line of Puwen Fault. There are 2 faults in the surrounding area, one is a sinistral strike-slip and the other is the dextral. Two faults have mutual intersection with conjugate joints property to form a checkerboard faulting structure. The structure of the area of the focal region is complex. The present-day tectonic movement is strong, and the aftershock distribution indicates the faulting surface trending NNW. There is no obvious surface rupture related to the known fault in the epicenter, and there is a certain distance from the surface of the Puwen fault zone. Regional seismic activity is strong. In 1941, there were two over magnitude 7.0 earthquakes in the south of the epicenter of Jinggu County and Mengzhe Town. In 1988, two mainshock-aftershock type earthquakes occurred in Canglan-Gengma Counties, the principal stress axes of the whole seismic area is in the direction of NNE. Geological method can be adopted to clarify the distribution of surficial fracture caused by active faults, and high-precision seismic positioning and spatial distribution characteristics of seismic sequences can contribute to understand deep seismogenic faults and geometric features. Thus, we can better analyze the three-dimensional spatial distribution characteristics of seismotectonics and the deep and shallow tectonic relationship. The focal mechanism reveals the property and faulting process to a certain extent, which can help us understand not only the active property of faults, but also the important basis for deep tectonic stress and seismogenic mechanism. In order to study the fault characteristic of the Jinggu earthquake, the stress field characteristics of the source area and the geometric parameters of the fault plane, this paper firstly uses the 15 days aftershock data of the Jingsuo MS6.6 earthquake, to precisely locate the main shock and aftershock sequences using double-difference location method. The results show that the aftershock sequences have clustering characteristics along the NW direction, with a depth mainly of 5~15km. Based on the precise location, calculations are made to the focal mechanisms of a total of 46 earthquakes including the main shock and aftershocks with ML ≥ 3.0 of the Jinggu earthquake. The double-couple(DC)component of the focal mechanism of the main shock shows that nodal plane Ⅰ:The strike is 239°, the dip 81°, and the rake -22°; nodal plane Ⅱ, the strike is 333°, the dip 68°, and the rake -170.31°. According to focal mechanism solutions, there are 42 earthquakes with a focal mechanism of strike-slip type, accounting for 91.3%. According to the distribution of the aftershock sequence, it can be inferred that the nodal plane Ⅱ is the seismogenic fault. The obtained focal mechanism is used to invert the stress field in the source region. The distribution of horizontal maximum principal stress orienation is concentrated. The main features of the regional tectonic stress field are under the NNE-SSW compression(P axis)and the NW-SE extension(T axis)and are also affected by NNW direction stress fields in the central region of Yunnan, which indicates that Jinggu earthquake fault, like Gengma earthquake, is a new NW-trending fault which is under domination of large-scale tectonic stress and effected by local tectonic stress environment. In order to define more accurately the occurrence of the fault plane of the Jinggu earthquake, with the precise location results and the stress field in the source region, the global optimal solution of the fault plane parameters and its error are obtained by using both global searching simulated annealing algorithm and local searching Gauss-Newton method. Since the parameters of the fault plane fitting process use the stress parameters obtained by the focal mechanism inversion, the data obtained by the fault plane fitting is more representative of the rupture plane, that is, the strike 332.75°, the dip 89.53°, and the rake -167.12°. The buried depth of the rupture plane is 2.746km, indicating that the source fault has not cut through the surface. Based on the stress field characteristics and the inversion results of the fault plane, it is preliminarily believed that the seismogenic structure of the Jinggu earthquake is a newly generated nearly vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault with normal component. The rupture plane length is about 17.2km, which does not extend to the Puwen fault zone. Jinggu earthquake occurred in Simao-Puer seismic region in the south of Sichuan-Yunnan plate. Its focal mechanism solution is similar to that of the three sub-events of the Gengma earthquake in November 1988. The seismogenic structure of both of them is NW-trending and the principal stress is NE-SW. The rupture plane of the Jinggu main shock(NW direction)is significantly different from the known near NS direction Lancang Fault and the near NE direction Jinggu Fault in the study area. It is preliminarily inferred that the seismogenic structure of this earthquake has a neogenetic feature. 相似文献
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采用有限元方法模拟了渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷的现今应力场特征.模型的构建主要基于黄骅坳陷精细三维地震数据体,包括了七个主要层序底面及近真实的断层产状.根据模拟结果,对比已知油气藏的分布位置和断裂的展布方向,定量分析了黄骅坳陷第一主应力、第三主应力、应力强度以及主应力方向的分布特征,并探讨了影响黄骅坳陷构造特征的主要因素.据此,得出以下认识:1)通过改变模型的边界条件发现,在右旋剪切作用下模型中压性应力场低值区的分布特征及主应力方向分别与黄骅坳陷中已知油藏的分布及断裂展布方向具有较好的对应关系.2)黄骅坳陷内构造样式及其构造应力场方向自北向南存在一定的差异,而造成这种差异的原因与地形的变化、沧东断层空间形态的变化、断层组合样式的变化以及滑脱面的变化密切相关. 相似文献
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通过对云南遥测地震台网2000年1月1日——2003年12月31日4年资料的分析， 使用剪切波分裂SAM综合分析方法，获得了云南地区10个数字地震台站的快剪切波偏振结果. 结果表明， 云南地区大部分台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向主要为近N——S或NNW方向； 位于活动断裂上的台站的快剪切波偏振优势方向与活动断裂的走向一致；与GPS主压应变方向一致，与区域主压应力方向基本一致；少数台站的快剪切波偏振较为复杂，或与活动断裂的走向及GPS主压应变方向不一致. 这样的台站总是位于几个断裂的交会处，反映了复杂的断裂背景和复杂的应力分布特征. 快剪切波偏振优势方向代表了原地最大主压应力方向，受到区域应力场和断裂分布等多种因素的控制. 相似文献
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ACTIVE FAULTS AND THEIR FORMATION MECHANISM IN THE EAST SEGMENT OF QIULITAGE ANTICLINE BELT,KUQA DEPRESSION 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LI Sheng-qiang ZHANG Ling YANG Xiao-ping HUANG Wei-liang HUANG Xiong-nan YANG Hai-bo 《地震地质》2016,38(2):223-239
Based on geological and geomorphologic characteristics of the surface faults acquired by field investigations and subsurface structure from petroleum seismic profiles, this paper analyzes the distribution, activity and formation mechanism of the surface faults in the east segment of Qiulitage anticline belt which lies east of the Yanshuigou River and consists of two sub-anticlines:Kuchetawu anticline and east Qiulitage anticline. The fault lying in the core of Kuchetawu anticline is an extension branch of the detachment fault developed in Paleogene salt layer, and evidence shows it is a late Pleistocene fault. The faults developed in the fold hinge in front of the Kuchetawu anticline in a parallel group and having a discontinuous distribution are fold-accommodation faults controlled by local compressive stress. However, trenching confirms that these fold-accommodation faults have been active since the late Holocene and have recorded part of paleoearthquakes in the active folding zone. The fault developed in the south limb near the core of eastern Qiulitage anticline is a low-angle thrust fault, likely a branch of the upper ramp which controls the development of the eastern Qiulitage anticline. The faults lying in the south limb of eastern Qiulitage anticline are shear-thrust faults, which are developed in the steeply dipping frontal limb of the fault-propagation folds, and also characterized by group occurrence and discontinuous distribution. Several fault outcrops are discovered near Gekuluke, in which the Holocene diluvial fans are dislocated by these faults, and trench shows they have recorded several paleoearthquakes. The surface anticlines of rapid growth and associated accommodation faults are the manifestations of the deep faults that experienced complex folding deformation and propagated upward to the near surface, serving as an indicator of faulting at depth. The fold-accommodation faults are merely local deformation during the folding process, which are indirectly related with the deep faults that control the growth of folds. The displacement and slip rate of these surface faults cannot match the kinematics parameters of the deeper fault, which controls the development of the active folding. However, these active fold-accommodation faults can partly record paleoearthquakes taking place in the active folding zone. 相似文献
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An appreciation of the physical mechanisms which cause observed seismicity complexity is fundamental to the understanding
of the temporal behaviour of faults and single slip events. Numerical simulation of fault slip can provide insights into fault
processes by allowing exploration of parameter spaces which influence microscopic and macroscopic physics of processes which
may lead towards an answer to those questions. Particle-based models such as the Lattice Solid Model have been used previously
for the simulation of stick-slip dynamics of faults, although mainly in two dimensions. Recent increases in the power of computers
and the ability to use the power of parallel computer systems have made it possible to extend particle-based fault simulations
to three dimensions. In this paper a particle-based numerical model of a rough planar fault embedded between two elastic blocks
in three dimensions is presented. A very simple friction law without any rate dependency and no spatial heterogeneity in the
intrinsic coefficient of friction is used in the model. To simulate earthquake dynamics the model is sheared in a direction
parallel to the fault plane with a constant velocity at the driving edges. Spontaneous slip occurs on the fault when the shear
stress is large enough to overcome the frictional forces on the fault. Slip events with a wide range of event sizes are observed.
Investigation of the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of slip during each event shows a high degree of variability
between the events. In some of the larger events highly complex slip patterns are observed. 相似文献