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Effects of near-fault ground motions on the nonlinear behaviour of reinforced concrete framed buildings 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mirko Mazza 《地震科学（英文版）》2015,28(4):285-302
The design provisions of current seismic codes are generally not very accurate for assessing effects of near-fault ground motions on reinforced concrete(r.c.)spatial frames,because only far-fault ground motions are considered in the seismic codes.Strong near-fault earthquakes are characterized by long-duration(horizontal)pulses and high values of the ratio α_(PGA)of the peak value of the vertical acceleration,PGA_V,to the analogous value of the horizontal acceleration,PGA_H,which can become critical for girders and columns.In this work,six- and twelve-storey r.c.spatial frames are designed according to the provisions of the Italian seismic code,considering the horizontal seismic loads acting(besides the gravity loads)alone or in combination with the vertical ones.The nonlinear seismic analysis of the test structures is performed using a step-by-step procedure based on a two-parameter implicit integration scheme and an initial stress-like iterative procedure.A lumped plasticity model based on the Haar-Karman principle is adopted to model the inelastic behaviour of the frame members.For the numerical investigation,five near-fault ground motions with high values of the acceleration ratio α_(PGA) are considered.Moreover,following recent seismological studies,which allow the extraction of the largest(horizontal) pulse from a near-fault ground motion,five pulse-type(horizontal)ground motions are selected by comparing the original ground motion with the residual motion after the pulse has been extracted.The results of the nonlinear dynamic analysis carried out on the test structures highlighted that horizontal and vertical components of near-fault ground motions may require additional consideration in the seismic codes. 相似文献
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Introduction By analyzing earthquake motions, we could find that earthquake motions near the causativefault have two characteristics. One is the remarkable directivity effect. The amplitude of thefault-normal component is larger than that of the fault-parallel one; the other is obvious pulse mo-tions. Bertero, et al (1977) studied the earthquake records of the 1971 San Fernando earthquake.They first pointed out that some ground motions recorded near the causative fault is characterizedb… 相似文献
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基于美国NGA数据库,在断层投影距小于25 km范围内挑选了1387条地震加速度记录,分别按照断层距和场地条件进行分组,对近断层速度脉冲型地震动的频谱特性、特征周期,及其与断层距、震级的相关性予以分析。结果显示:① 出现速度脉冲型地震动的比例与断层投影距之间存在明显的线性相关关系,但其与震级的变化不相关;② 地震动速度脉冲周期与震级之间存在强相关;③ 对于近断层速度脉冲型地震动,采用动态变化的加速度和速度反应谱峰值周期进行特征周期的计算,更加符合真实情况;④ 地震动速度脉冲有放大地震动特征周期的作用,水平向放大的比例与竖向相当,且放大作用与场地条件相关,在较硬场地上放大较多。本文基于上述近断层地震动的统计分析结果,对现行抗震设计规范中定义的特征周期提出了适合于工程应用的调整系数,并建立了速度脉冲周期与震级之间的关系模型,分析结果显示二者的拟合效果较好。 相似文献
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Ground motions with forward-directivity effect in the near-fault region are obviously different from ordinary far-field ground motions. Design spectral models for this kind of motions have been proposed by correlating sim-ple pulses with parameters attenuation relationships in a previous study of the authors. To further test the applica-bility of the established design spectral model, we analyze ground motion pseudo-velocity response spectra (PVS), normalized pseudo-velocity spectra (NPVS) and bi-normalized pseudo-velocity spectra (BNPVS) of 53 typical near-fault forward-directivity ground motions. It is found that BNPVS not only has more salient features to reflect the difference between soil and rock sites, but also has less scattering to reveal the nature of forward-directivity motions. And then, BNPVS is used for prediction of design spectra accounting for the influence of site conditions, and the constructed design spectra are compared with those spectra established previously. It is concluded that site condition can heavily affect ground motions, buildings on rock can be even more dangerous than those on soil sites, in particular for ordinary buildings with short to middle vibration periods. Finally, pulse models are also suggested for structural analyses in the near-fault region. 相似文献
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利用5个反映地震动频谱特征的周期(反应谱卓越周期Tp, 平滑化反应谱卓越周期To, 傅氏幅值谱平均周期Tm, 等效速度脉冲周期Tv和拟速度反应谱卓越周期Tpv), 对集集地震的近断层三分量地震动进行研究. 结果表明, 上盘地震动的频谱周期小于下盘地震动; Tp小于To和Tm, 且Tp反映的三分量之间的关系与To和Tm不同; 在地表断裂带的北端,Tv和Tpv所反映的近断层地震动长周期分量的频谱特征, 与走滑断层中方向性效应作用的规律相类似. 得出的定性或定量结论可以为近场抗震设计谱的建立与地震危险性区划研究提供参考. 相似文献
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Introduction The dynamic response of structural systems subjected to earthquake ground shaking is sig-nificantly affected by the frequency content of input ground motions. When the frequency content of a predominant earthquake ground motion closely matches the natural period of a structural sys-tem, the dynamic response is significantly enhanced and thus may cause severe damage (Chopra, 1995). Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate the frequency content of ground motions. In recent … 相似文献
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显著的竖向地震动是近断层地震动区别于远场地震动的重要特征之一,为更合理地确定竖向地震动作用,研究了近断层区域竖向地震动的反应谱特征及其与水平向反应谱比值的影响因素.首先,选取1952—1999年世界范围内震级在M5.4—7.6之间的18次地震的地震动记录,研究竖向地震加速度反应谱及其与水平向加速度反应谱比值特征;然后统计分析了断层距、场地条件、震级以及断层机制对竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比的影响.结果表明,一般情况下竖向加速度具有更丰富的短周期分量,并且竖向加速度反应谱衰减较慢;断层距在20km以内的近断层区域、软弱土层场地、中等震级地震和逆断层大震级中长周期范围等条件下,具有较大的竖向与水平向加速度反应谱比值;在近断层区域的结构抗震设计中应充分考虑竖向地震动的影响. 相似文献
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近断层地震动的向前方向性效应和永久地面位移效应导致其速度时程表现为长周期、大峰值的速度脉冲，其位移时程表现为阶跃型脉冲. 针对这些特点，同时考虑向前方向性效应和永久地面位移效应，提出了一种简单的、连续函数形式表达的等效速度脉冲模型. 在该模型中，包含描述速度脉冲周期、峰值和形状的5个待定参数，方便了实际脉冲型地震记录的拟合及模拟. 等效速度脉冲模型只包含单一的频率成分，不能反映脉冲型地震记录的高频成分. 根据对11次地震28条地震记录的分析， 速度脉冲的频率一般小于1Hz. 因此， 在模拟脉冲型地震记录的方法中，分别模拟低频脉冲成分和高频成分，并将两者叠加生成近断层脉冲型地震动的模拟时程. 相似文献
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近断层前方向性效应地震动含有高幅值,短持时的速度脉冲,与远场地震动相比存在显著差异。本文根据所选取的40条近断层地震波记录,用小波分析方法将原始记录分解为脉冲波部分和高频波部分,对弹性和非弹性单自由度体系进行分析,得出了以下结论:对于弹性体系,大约0.484倍的速度脉冲周期可以作为临界周期,脉冲波部分将对固有周期大于临界周期的结构的响应起主导作用,反之,高频波部分将会产生显著影响;对于非弹性体系,仅仅用等效速度脉冲方法模拟近断层地震动的计算精度将会受到延性系数?的影响,随着延性系数的增加,脉冲波部分满足精度要求的结构固有周期范围将明显缩小,并且向较低周期范围偏移;仅用等效速度脉冲模型来模拟近断层地震动具有一定的局限性。 相似文献
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Simulation method of near-fault pulse-type ground motion 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Introduction With the development of the economy of China, it is possible to build large-span bridges, pipelines, dams and other lifeline structures in the seismically active regions or through the active faults. In addition, some isolated and energy diss… 相似文献
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近断层竖向地震动P-Δ效应研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
竖向效应是近断层地震动的主要特点,竖向地震动对工程结构形成的P-Δ效应是造成结构破坏的主要原因。本文以单自由度体系为研究对象,选取汶川地震的近断层强震数据进行研究,分析竖向地震动所产生P-Δ效应的放大作用特征。分析结果表明汶川地震中,相比于中远场区域,近断层区域内竖向地震动作用所产生的P-Δ效应具有明显的放大作用,且近断层内这种放大作用具有普遍性;当自振周期一定时,不同台站获得地震动的放大系数离散性较小,主要分布于均值附近;其分析结果符合地震动的一般规律,分析结果合理。在此基础上建立了以均值为代表值的放大系数谱,可以与抗震设计反应谱结合使用,从而为活断层附近区域内的结构抗震设计问题提供定量化参考依据。 相似文献
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In order to propose a seismic design spectrum that includes the effect of rupture directivity in the near-fault region, this study investigates the application of equivalent pulses to the parameter attenuation relationships developed for near-fault, forward-directivity motions. Near-fault ground motions are represented by equivalent pulses with different waveforms defined by a small number of parameters （peak acceleration, A, and velocity V; and pulse period, Tv）. Dimensionless ratios between these parameters （e.g., ATv/V, VTv/D） and response spectral shapes and amplitudes are examined for different pulses to gain insight on their dependence on basic pulse waveforms. Ratios of ATv/V, VTv/D, and the ratio of pulse period to the period for peak spectral velocity （Tv-p） are utilized to quantify the difference between rock and soil sites for near-fault forward-directivity ground motions. The ATv/Vratio of recorded near-fault motions is substantially larger for rock sites than that for soil sites, while Tvp/Tv ratios are smaller at rock sites than at soil sites. Furthermore, using simple pulses and available predictive relationships for the pulse parameters, a preliminary model for the design acceleration response spectra for the near-fault region that includes the dependence on magnitude, rupture distance, and local site conditions are developed. 相似文献
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A wide variety of near-fault strong ground motion records were collected from various tectonic environments worldwide and were used to study the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio of the vertical to horizontal component of ground motion, focusing on the effect of earthquake magnitude, site conditions, pulse duration, and statistical component. The results show that both the peak value ratio and response spectrum ratio are larger than the 2/3 value prescribed in existing seismic codes, and the relationship between the vertical and horizontal ground motions is comparatively intricate. In addition, the effect of the near-fault ground motions on bridge performance is analyzed, considering both the material nonlinear characteristics and the P~? effect. 相似文献
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为了研究近断层地震动速度脉冲及强竖向地震动对风机塔地震响应的影响,以某陆上风电场1.5 MW风机塔为研究对象开展了结构在水平向脉冲型地震动、水平向非脉冲型地震动、水平与竖向地震动组合3种地震输入工况的时程分析。通过3种工况下塔顶位移时程、加速度时程、塔底剪力、弯矩及轴力的对比分析发现:近断层速度脉冲对结构塔顶水平位移、塔顶水平加速度、塔底剪力与弯矩均影响显著;竖向地震动会加大结构的塔顶竖向加速度响应及塔底轴力响应;随着竖向与水平加速度峰值比增大,塔顶竖向加速度响应增大,最大轴力随着峰值比增大而增大,最小轴力随着峰值比增大而减小。此外,增量动力分析表明,采用自接触的有限元模型可以更真实地预测风机塔的失稳破坏机制。 相似文献
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In ensuring structural safety against near-fault pulse-type ground motions it is of critical importance that sufficient recorded motions of this type are available and that suitable synthetic motions can be simulated for those situations where the recorded motions are insufficient or non-existent. To this end, an objective criterion is developed for the directivity pulse-type motions, to identify such motions from the available suite of recorded ground motions. This criterion is based on the value of maximum fractional signal energy contribution by any half-cycle of the velocity time-history. For the simulation of directivity pulse-type motions, it is proposed to estimate and superimpose directivity pulse(s) on a non-pulse type motion. An algorithm is developed to extract the directivity pulse features from a pulse-type accelerogram via its repetitive smoothening, and based on the pulses extracted from a database of 91 records two mathematical functions are proposed to model the directivity pulses. It is found that the amplitude and dominant Fourier period of the expected velocity pulse may be sufficient to generate the shapes of the expected acceleration and velocity pulses. 相似文献
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研究了具有不同自振特性的建筑结构在近断层速度脉冲型及非速度脉冲型地震动作用下的结构层间变形分布,揭示了近断层速度脉冲对工程结构地震响应的特殊影响. 从汶川MS8.0地震近断层强震记录中选取两组典型速度脉冲型记录和非脉冲型记录, 根据确定的目标地震动强度水平,利用时域叠加小波函数法对选择的强震记录进行调整, 使之与目标地震动水平对应的加速度反应谱保持一致, 以此作为结构地震反应分析的地震动输入. 选取具有不同自振特征的3层、11层和20层典型钢筋混凝土框架结构, 建立有限元分析模型, 分别计算在速度脉冲型与非速度脉冲型记录作用下这些结构层间变形分布. 研究表明,速度脉冲型记录与非速度脉冲型记录作用下结构层间变形有明显差异, 且与结构自振特征有关.就低层结构的层间变形而言, 非速度脉冲型记录的影响较速度脉冲型记录的影响大. 随着结构自振周期的增加, 高阶振型的影响更加明显. 与非速度脉冲型记录相比,速度脉冲型记录的结构层间位移反应中值及离散程度较大. 速度脉冲型记录更容易激发高层结构的高阶振型, 产生较大的层间位移反应. 非速度脉冲型记录对中低层结构层间变形影响较大.因此, 在开展近断层结构地震影响评价时, 应考虑近断层速度脉冲的影响. 相似文献
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近断层速度脉冲型地震动研究对揭示建筑结构的破坏机理、开展抗震设防以及抗震设计具有重要价值。首先,对速度脉冲成因进行了系统的总结,并探讨了区分方向性效应速度脉冲和滑冲效应速度脉冲的思路;其次,系统地介绍了近断层速度脉冲的识别方法,评述了各种脉冲识别方法的优缺点;然后,基于速度脉冲特性,探讨了前方向性效应对速度脉冲特性的影响以及速度脉冲对反应谱的放大作用;最后,对速度脉冲型地震动输入方法以及对结构响应研究进行了系统总结,探讨了速度脉冲型地震动输入的关键问题。基于丰富的理论研究,未来对于速度脉冲型地震动研究工作应当充分结合实际工程需求,推进理论成果的规范标准化与工程实践。 相似文献
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As the forward directivity and fling effect characteristics of the near-fault ground motions, seismic response of structures in the near field of a rupturing fault can be significantly different from those observed in the far field. The unique characteristics of the near-fault ground motions can cause considerable damage during an earthquake. This paper presents results of a study aimed at evaluating the near-fault and far-fault ground motion effects on nonlinear dynamic response and seismic damage of concrete gravity dams including dam-reservoir-foundation interaction. For this purpose, 10 as-recorded earthquake records which display ground motions with an apparent velocity pulse are selected to represent the near-fault ground motion characteristics. The earthquake ground motions recorded at the same site from other events that the epicenter far away from the site are employed as the far-fault ground motions. The Koyna gravity dam, which is selected as a numerical application, is subjected to a set of as-recorded near-fault and far-fault strong ground motion records. The Concrete Damaged Plasticity (CDP) model including the strain hardening or softening behavior is employed in nonlinear analysis. Nonlinear dynamic response and seismic damage analyses of the selected concrete dam subjected to both near-fault and far-fault ground motions are performed. Both local and global damage indices are established as the response parameters. The results obtained from the analyses of the dam subjected to each fault effect are compared with each other. It is seen from the analysis results that the near-fault ground motions, which have significant influence on the dynamic response of dam–reservoir–foundation systems, have the potential to cause more severe damage to the dam body than far-fault ground motions. 相似文献
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本文旨在分析脉冲型地震动中不同频率的地震动分量对于原始地震动幅值及其非弹性反应谱的影响.首先以近期12次大地震的53条典型脉冲型地震动为数据基础,基于多尺度分解方法获取脉冲型地震动中的高频分量和低频分量.为与传统方法对比,本文获取了能够表征地震动脉冲特性的卓越分量及滤除卓越分量的剩余分量.然后对比分析原始地震动和4种地震动分量的幅值特征和非弹性反应谱的特性,以讨论地震动分量对原始地震动幅值参数及其非弹性反应谱的影响.最后结合简谐地震动模型和地震动分量的性质,讨论脉冲型地震动非弹性反应谱诸多特征的产生原因.分析发现,低频分量不仅是控制脉冲型地震动速度和位移幅值的主要因素,其对原始地震动的加速度幅值也具有不可忽略的影响.低频分量也是导致脉冲型地震动非弹性位移比谱偏大以及强度折减系数谱偏小的直接原因,从而造成结构在脉冲型地震动作用下需要具有更大的非弹性位移以及更高的强度需求. 相似文献