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1.
Summary The hysteresis properties of synthetic samples with very low contents of hematite, pyrrhotite, greigite and admixtures of magnetite and hematite in a diamagnetic matrix have been studied. The diamagnetic matrix used was sodium chloride (NaCl). The contents of the magnetic minerals varied for hematite from 0.5 to 6 wt%, for pyrrhotite from 0.02 to 0.2 wt% and for greigite from 0.02 to 0.6 wt%. Diamagnetic contributions to the magnetization curves can be distinguished in the measured samples. We observed a non-linear dependence of coercivity and saturation magnetization upon increasing contents of hematite as a result of effects of both the diamagnetic matrix and the hematite content. Only the saturation remanence which is measured in a zero magnetic field has a linear dependence on the hematite concentration. The shape of the hysteresis curves of admixtures of magnetite and hematite are probably caused by magnetostatic interactions. 相似文献
2.
《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,241(1-2):119-137
Detailed rock magnetic and electron microscope analyses indicate that the magnetic signature of Neogene marine sediments from the east coast of New Zealand is dominated by the authigenic iron sulphide greigite. The greigite is present as a mixed population of stable single domain and superparamagnetic grains, which is consistent with authigenic growth from solution. This growth can result from pyritization reactions soon after deposition, which also leads to dissolution of most detrital magnetite; however, where constrained by field tests, our data suggest that remanence acquisition can occur > 1 Myr after deposition, and can vary in timing at the outcrop scale. Strong viscous overprints result from oxidation of the iron sulphides, probably during percolation of oxic ground water. This process can sometimes destroy any ancient remanent magnetization. This complex magnetic behaviour, particularly the presence of late-forming magnetizations carried by greigite, means that the remanence in New Zealand Cenozoic sediments, and in similar sediments elsewhere, cannot be assumed to be primary without confirmation by field tests. The reversals test should be employed with caution in such sediments, as patchy remagnetizations can lead to false polarity stratigraphies. 相似文献
3.
V. A. Bolshakov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2007,43(2):161-169
New magnetic and paleomagnetic data from the loess-soil Volodarka section (the Ob River) are presented. In particular, a secondary magnetization aligned with the contemporary magnetic field and persisting on heating to 500–600°C is shown to be present. It is shown that the transition zone of the Matuyama-Brunhes reversal is most likely located within the soil complex, consisting of three paleosol horizons separated by two horizons of loesslike loam that belong to the same interglaciation. 相似文献
4.
边缘海-陆架区是研究海陆交互作用的理想区域,该区沉积物记录了海平面、气候与构造变化的重要信息.渤海作为我国的内海,前人对该区虽然进行了环境磁学方面的研究,但是受复杂的沉积环境影响,渤海沉积物的磁性变化机制十分复杂,因而需要对该区沉积物磁学性质及变化机制进行深入研究.针对这一问题,本文详细研究了渤海BH08孔岩芯沉积物的磁学性质,结果表明：①沉积物中主要载磁矿物是磁铁矿,部分层位含有高矫顽力的矿物;②岩芯整体磁学性质变化复杂,各项磁学参数变化剧烈,其总体波动与S/Cl值、沉积物红度a*和深海底栖有孔虫δ18O相关性较好;③在主要的海陆交替边界层位发现胶黄铁矿,表明是富硫的弱还原环境,而快速变化的沉积环境和较高的沉积速率是胶黄铁矿得以保存的重要因素,因而胶黄铁矿可作为沉积环境发生转变的一种特征矿物.这些新认识为深入开展渤海地区,乃至陆架-边缘海区古环境研究提供了新的思路和方法. 相似文献
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6.
G. A. Pospelova M. V. Anikovich J. F. Hoffecker M. Kadzialko-Hofmokl 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2007,43(12):1031-1046
A magnetic method is proposed for reconstructing the paleoclimate existing at the formation time of rocks of the Paleolithic Kostenki-12 site section. Results obtained from an experimental study of scalar magnetic characteristics (SMCs) of the rocks (magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic remanent magnetization, and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization) are presented. These results indicate complex along-section SMC behavior distinguished by alternating larger and smaller values of the parameters. The magnetic minerals of the section are mainly represented by pseudo-single-domain magnetite grains. The size of the magnetite grains in the pseudo-single-domain range varies along the section, increasing in its lower half. The SMCs values plotted on different scales for the upper and lower halves of the section clearly revealed 12 magnetic zones (MZs). Comparison of the MZs with palynological zones obtained in a parallel section showed, on the whole, a convergence of data: MZs with larger (smaller) SMC values correlate with thermomers (cryomers). Comparison of along-section SMC variations with the GRIP (Greenland Ice Core Project) curve of the time dependence of paleotemperatures confirmed or refined the ages of lithologic horizons. As a result, it is established that constraints on paleoclimatic changes in the rock formation time can be gained from SMC variations if the main carriers of magnetization in rocks are pseudo-single-domain magnetite grains even with magnetic grain size varying along the section. 相似文献
7.
晚更新世以来以一系列地磁漂移事件是区域地层对比和确定沉积物年代框架的重要工具.但是在海相沉积物中,识别这些地磁漂移事件多依赖相对磁场强度(RPI)的变化,在地磁方向异常方面鲜有报到,从而影响对这些事件可靠性的讨论.本文选择南海南部巽他陆架附近重力活塞钻孔BKAS2PC的沉积物,进行系统的岩石磁学和古地磁研究,获得该钻孔沉积记录的RPI和磁倾角变化信息.岩石磁学及扫描电镜结果表明沉积物的原生主要载磁矿物为单畴(SD)和假单畴(PSD)钛磁铁矿.在一些层位,沉积后发生的还原作用形成胶黄铁矿等铁硫化物.磁性矿物的浓度和粒度等参数呈现显著的两阶段变化特征,上部(约220 cm以上)含量低而粒度细,下部含量高但粒度相对较粗,整体上均在一个数量级范围内波动.样品的交变退磁特征显示当交变场超过60 mT时,受胶黄铁矿影响产生旋转磁化,剩磁强度反而上升.因此,在20～60 mT之间确定原生特征剩磁,并把RPI定义为NRM_((20-40)mT)/ARM_((20-40)mT).通过~(14)C限定,并与其他有良好年代控制的相对磁场强度曲线进行对比,建立了钻孔的年代框架.结果显示,钻孔沉积物记录了几次显著的地磁漂移事件,这为联合应用RPI与磁场方向异常构建海相沉积物年代学框架提供了新的依据. 相似文献
8.
Detailed rock magnetic investigations and mineralogical analysis were conducted on lacustrine sediments recovered from Zoigê
Basin, eastern Tibetan Plateau. Greigite, with fine and homogenous grain size, is found as a main magnetic carrier, which
is suspected to be of biochemical origin. In contrast to some reports, greigite within the sediments is not oxidized even
after exposure to air for a few years, which could be due to the fact that greigite is sealed by silicate. 相似文献
9.
V. G. Bakhmutov A. Yu. Kazanskii G. G. Matasova D. V. Glavatskii 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(6):864-884
The results of the rock magnetic and paleomagnetic studies for the Quaternary loess-sol deposits of Ukraine are reported. The magnetic properties of the rocks composing the sections in the Pre-Black-Sea Depression (Roksolany) and Volyn Upland (Boyanychi and Korshev) are compared. Based on the highly precise measurements by modern instruments, the primary magnetization component is isolated in the rocks and its polarity is reliably determined in both the loess and soil horizons. The position of the Matuyama–Brunhes boundary in the Roksolany section is determined at a depth of 46.6 m at the contact of the Lubenskii and Martonoshskii soil horizons. This is consistent with the present-day notions of the group of Ukrainian scientists about the Quaternary stratigraphy of the south of Ukraine and inconsistent with the previous results that placed this boundary at a depth of 34 m in loesses above the PK7 level. 相似文献
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11.
Polarity zones of sedimentary sections reflect a pattern of alternating polarity of the geomagnetic field recorded by the
remanent magnetization of rocks. Unfortunately, this pattern can have been modified by the variable sedimentation rate, which
complicates the identification of polarity zones against the reference geomagnetic polarity time scale. To avoid this obstacle,
the present paper suggests a transform applied to both the sequence of levels of polarity reversal horizons and the sequence
of ages of polarity reversals before computing their cross-correlation. This transform usually reduces the impact of the variable
sedimentation rate so that a sequence of more than eight polarity reversal horizons may be identified without biostratigraphic
constraints. Numerical experiments involving random processes to simulate both the duration of polarity reversals and the
sedimentation rate proved, however, that not all the parts of a hypothetical stratigraphic section spanning the past 165 Ma
would be equally suitable for dating by magnetic polarity stratigraphy.
A program performing both the compilation of polarity zones from the directions of the primary magnetization sampled along
a section and subsequent identification of these polarity zones is made available online. 相似文献
12.
The data on magnetic susceptibility, thermomagnetic, and hysteresis parameters of bottom sediments from the North Caspian
Basin demonstrate at least two types of temporal variations in their magnetic properties: relatively large-scale variations
related to the transgressive-regressive rhythms of the sea level oscillations, and small-scale variations likely determined
by local features of sedimentation and the magnetic fraction of the deposits. The latter is reflected in loamy sediments of
transgressive phases, the magnetic fraction of which is largely composed of Fe sulfides, and primarily greigite. 相似文献
13.
Rock magnetic criteria for the detection of biogenic magnetite 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
Bruce M. Moskowitz Richard B. Frankel Dennis A. Bazylinski 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1993,120(3-4):283-300
We report results on the magnetic properties of magnetites produced by magnetotactic and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria. Magnetotactic bacterial (MTB) strains MS1, MV1 and MV2 and dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium strain GS-15, grown in pure cultures, were used in this study. Our results suggest that a combination of room temperature coercivity analysis and low temperature remanence measurements provides a characteristic magnetic signature for intact chains of single domain (SD) particles of magnetite from MTBs. The most useful magnetic property measurements include: (1) acquisition and demagnetization of isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) using static, pulse and alternating fields; (2) acquisition of anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM); and (3) thermal dependence of low temperature (20 K) saturation IRM after cooling in zero field (ZFC) or in a 2.5 T field (FC) from 300 K. However, potentially the most diagnostic magnetic parameter for magnetosome chain identification in bulk sediment samples is related to the difference between low temperature zero-field and field cooled SIRMs on warming through the Verwey transition (T ≈ 100 K). Intact chains of unoxidized magnetite magnetosomes have ratios of δFC/δZFC greater than 2, where the parameter δ is a measure of the amount of remanence lost by warming through the Verwey transition. Disruption of the chain structure or conversion of the magnetosomes to maghemite reduces the δFC/δZFC ratio to around 1, similar to values observed for some inorganic magnetite, maghemite, greigite and GS-15 particles. Numerical simulations of δFC/δZFC ratios for simple binary mixtures of magnetosome chains and inorganic magnetic fractions suggest that the δFC/δZFC parameter can be a sensitive indicator of biogenic magnetite in the form of intact chains of magnetite magnetosomes and can be a useful magnetic technique for identifying them in whole-sediment samples. The strength of our approach lies in the comparative ease and rapidity with which magnetic measurements can be made, compared to techniques such as electron microscopy. 相似文献
14.
碳酸盐岩是记录古地磁场信息的重要载体,然而,广泛存在的重磁化现象制约了碳酸盐岩在古地磁研究中的应用,其重磁化机制亟待解决.本文对采自贵州羊蹬地区的319块奥陶系碳酸盐岩定向样品作了详细的古地磁学和岩石磁学研究,其结果表明,94%样品(A类)记录了单一剩磁分量A,其解阻温度低于450℃;在地理坐标系下的平均方向为Dg/Ig=3.1°/48.1°(α95=2.9°),对应的古地磁极(87.0°N,2.8°E,A95=3.0°)与扬子地块古近纪-第四纪的古地磁极重合.6%样品(B类)记录了两个磁化分量,其高温分量(450℃~585℃)与A分量显著不同,但明显远离扬子块体早古生代古地磁极;低温分量(< 450℃)与A分量类似.说明羊蹬剖面奥陶系碳酸盐岩记录了两期重磁化.A分量和B低温分量的主要载磁矿物为磁黄铁矿(胶黄铁矿),B高温分量的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿.这些磁性矿物都是成岩后的次生矿物.其中,解阻温度高于450℃的磁铁矿可能受晚燕山期造山运动影响生成;磁黄铁矿(胶黄铁矿)等矿物可能与印度板块与欧亚大陆碰撞引起的喜马拉雅造山运动所产生的流体作用有关,以后一期重磁化为主.新生代早期青藏高原隆升产生的流体在流经东南缘的碳酸盐岩等沉积岩层时,与原岩发生相互作用,使磁黄铁矿、胶黄铁矿、磁铁矿等磁性矿物生长并获得化学剩磁,造成了广泛重磁化. 相似文献
15.
Christopher J. Rowan Andrew P. Roberts Thomas Broadbent 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2009,277(1-2):223-235
In many anoxic sedimentary environments, the onset of sulfate reduction, and pyritization of detrital iron-bearing minerals, leads to a precipitous decline in magnetic mineral concentration during early diagenesis. The usefulness of the surviving paleomagnetic record in such environments is usually argued to depend on how much of the primary detrital magnetic assemblage survives diagenetic dissolution. Detailed rock magnetic and electron microscope analyses of rapidly deposited (~ 7 cm/kyr) latest Pleistocene–Holocene sediments from the continental margins of Oman (22°22.4′N, 60°08.0′E) and northern California (38°24.8′N, 123°58.2′W) demonstrate that pyritization during early diagenesis also leads to the progressive down-core growth of the ferrimagnetic iron sulfide greigite. Greigite growth begins with nucleation of large concentrations of superparamagnetic (SP) nanoparticles at the inferred position of the sulfate–methane transition, which can explain the apparently paradoxical suggestion that diagenetically reduced sediments contain enhanced concentrations of SP particles. Looping of hysteresis parameters on a “Day” plot records the dissolution of single domain (SD) (titano-)magnetite and the formation of SP greigite, which then slowly and progressively grows through its SD blocking volume and acquires a stable paleomagnetic signal. This looping trend is also evident in data from several published records (Oregon margin, Korea Strait, Japan Sea, Niger Fan, Argentine margin, and the Ontong–Java Plateau), indicating that these processes may be widespread in reducing environments. Our observations have profound implications for paleomagnetic records from sulfate-reducing environments. The paleomagnetic signal recorded by greigite is offset from the age of the surrounding sediments by 10's of kyr, and ongoing growth of greigite at depth results in smoothing of the recorded signal over intervals of 10's to 100's of kyr. We therefore expect the presence of greigite to compromise paleomagnetic records in a wide range of settings that have undergone reductive diagenesis. 相似文献
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17.
Multiple origins and interpretations of the magnetic susceptibility signal in Chinese wind-blown sediments 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
In most Chinese loess–paleosol sequences, high magnetic susceptibility values are found in the soil horizons, with low values in the loess layers. The susceptibility signal has been widely used as a proxy climatic indicator. However, both the causes and mechanisms which control susceptibility still remain controversial. Our recent studies challenge some earlier interpretations of the magnetic susceptibility signal in Chinese wind-blown sediments. First, the prevailing hypothesis of pedogenic origin cannot totally account for the susceptibility variations in many sections. Second, in some cases, the principal carrier of the magnetization seems not to be the ultrafine pedogenic minerals, rather coarse lithogenic magnetic minerals derived from local sources can also contribute significantly to the susceptibility signal. Finally, not all the Chinese soils have higher susceptibility values than that of loess or sand layers, opposite relationships do exist. It is concluded that the source and causes of susceptibility may be different from site to site or even at different times at a given site. Any single hypothesis cannot completely account for the susceptibility variations in the Chinese Loess Plateau and its surrounding regions. Besides the previous explanations of carbonate leaching, pedogenic processes and organic decomposition, the contribution of source materials to magnetic susceptibility must also be taken into account. 相似文献
18.
强剩磁、强退磁改变了总磁化强度的大小和方向,给磁测资料解释带来困难.为此,本文利用二维井中磁测数据反演磁化强度矢量的二维分布.首先利用井中磁测的磁异常模量反演磁化强度大小的分布.然后,在已知磁化强度大小分布的前提下,拟合磁场分量,反演磁化强度方向的分布.其中,磁化强度大小和方向均用共轭梯度法求解,并通过预优矩阵改善磁化强度大小的反演效果.理论模拟说明,该方法能准确获得磁化强度矢量分布.磁化强度矢量反演结果包括感磁、剩磁及退磁的影响,这为研究强剩磁、高磁化率矿床提供了一种有效方法. 相似文献
19.
通过中国东部红土剖面的环境磁学参数（磁化率、频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、饱和等温剩磁等）测量,获得了红土剖面磁性矿物浓度、粒度和类型等特性随深度的变化曲线以及红土经连二亚硫酸钠一柠檬酸钠一重碳酸钠溶液（ＤＣＢ）处理后的磁性参数变化．根据红土剖面环境磁学参数及其磁参数比值的变化可将红土分为３个层段,各层段的磁性矿物特征存在明显的差异．证实了红土剖面中的磁性载体主要是磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿和针铁矿,并分离出了球粒状磁颗粒．认为红土磁性矿物的数量、粒度、类型等的变异指示了其形成时的环境特征,其频率磁化率和ＤＣＢ处理的磁化率损失量指示了红土成壤化作用的强弱,可作为在红壤区研究过去全球变化的一种新途径． 相似文献
20.
Rock-magnetic proxies of climate change from loess -paleosol sediments of the Czech Republic 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Summary Rock-magnetic characteristics of late Pleistocene loess-paleosol sequences in the Czech Republic show patterns of variation
that reflect climate-related depositional and diagenetic processes which acted on the sedimentary profiles. Mass-normalized
magnetic susceptibility is high in interglacial and interstadial paleosols, while uniformly low values are measured in unweathered
loess horizons. Normalized ferrimagnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization show an enhancement of ultrafine
(superparamagnetic, SP) and fine (single-domain, SD, and pseudo-single-domain, PSD) grains in chernozem paleosols correlated
with δ18O substages 5c and 5a as well as in the Holocene soil. The parabraunerde paleosol associated with peak interglacial conditions,
correlated with δ18O substage 5e, shows evidence of diagenetic loss of fine grained magnetic minerals, although coarse (multidomain, MD) grains
appear to be preserved.
Low temperature remanence behavior plus high temperature susceptibility measurements of representative samples from each lithologic
unit indicate that magnetite and maghemite are the dominant magnetic minerals within the sediments. Variations in concentration-independent
rock-magnetic parameters are therefore primarily a function of grain size variations through the profile. It is anticipated
that with additional magnetic and non-magnetic sedimentological and geochemical tests, a quantitative rock-magnetic — paleoclimate
model can be developed for the central European loess region. 相似文献