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南海重磁异常特征及火成岩分布(英文) 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
南海火成岩油气藏具有广阔的勘探前景,综合利用地球物理方法圈划与识别火成岩体、研究火成岩分布是火成岩油气藏研究的基础。针对南海重磁场特征,采用低纬度、变倾角化极技术进行了磁异常化极处理,利用优选延拓方法实现重磁异常分离并提取南海海域浅部火成岩重磁异常信息,利用磁异常三维相关成像给出南海火成岩的三维空间等效分布,在重磁梯度突出局部异常边界信息的基础上,通过梯度加权的重磁相关分析勾画不同类型火成岩的平面展布,火成岩的分布特征显示出受地壳深部结构及断裂构造的控制与影响。 相似文献
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边界检测在地球物理位场数据解释中占有重要位置.现有的传统边界识别方法有的不能同时显示不同振幅的异常边界,有的虽然能均衡不同振幅的异常,但识别出来的边界信息中含有一些额外的错误的边界信息,尤其是当测量的异常中同时含有正异常和负异常时.目前已有的去除额外错误边界信息的方法存在着一定的人为主观性.为了解决这些问题,本文定义了加强解析信号倾斜角来进行地质体边界识别.通过模型试验证明了该方法不仅能同时清晰地识别深部和浅部地质体的边界,而且能有效地避免引入一些错误边界信息.最后将该方法应用到四川盆地的重力异常数据中,并取得了良好边界结果. 相似文献
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空间归一化边界识别方法用于判断地质体的水平位置及深度(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
边界识别是重磁数据解释中的常用方法之一,依据其结果可划分出地质体的水平范围。边界识别结果受地质体埋深及导数计算误差的影响所识别边界与真实边界之间存在一定的差距,且边界识别法无法直观地给出地质体的深度信息。为了获得异常体的水平位置和深度信息,本文提出空间归一化边界识别方法,其对不同深度的边界识别函数进行归一化计算,空间归一化边界识别法的最大值对应于异常体的水平位置和深度。常规边界识别结果的误差随理深的减小而减小,而空间归一化边界识别法是通过最大值来判断地质体的位置,最大值是在地质体处获得,因此归一化边界识别方法所获得的结果是准确的。通过理论模型试验证明归一化边界识别方法能有效地完成异常体的水平位置和深度的计算,所获得的水平位置和深度信息与理论值相一致,为下一步的勘探计划提供了更加可靠的依据。将其应用于实际航磁数据的解释,获得了断裂的具体分布形式。 相似文献
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重力正则化倾斜角是断裂划分的常用方法,其为一阶水平与垂直导数的比值函数,计算结果极值对应于断裂的水平位置,该方法具有均衡不同深度构造幅值的优点,提高了对较深地质构造的识别能力.数据测量误差会造成正则化倾斜角结果出现局部干扰极值,且计算结果存在一定的发散,因此直接根据极值特征来判定断裂的存在性和准确位置存在困难.为了获得准确的东海盆地丽水凹陷的断裂分布,基于欧拉方程推导出正则化倾斜角与地质体位置参数对应的线性方程,并根据正则化倾斜角的分布特征制定相应的结果筛选准则来获得准确的构造位置.通过理论模型证明该方法所反演结果能准确地标识地质体范围,将其应用于东海盆地丽水凹陷的断裂划分,相对已有结果新划分出多条近东西走滑断裂,这与凹陷表现为南北分块的特征吻合,也验证了区域太平洋俯冲作用的影响,为下一步油气勘探方案提供了详实的基础资料. 相似文献
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重磁场是地下地质体密度、磁性分别响应的综合,蕴涵着丰富的地质构造信息,如何将其有效地提取出来是正确认识地下结构的关键环节.本文在总结重磁场构造信息提取研究进展的基础上,将构造信息提取突破口归结为重磁场的边缘增强与检测.通过构建理论模型,对常用的边缘检测方法开展了对比试验,并以长江中下游成矿带中的铜陵矿集区为例,开展了实际资料的处理和研究.获得以下认识和结论:(1)多尺度边缘检测方法较其他方法更能准确提取模型边界,更适合于构造信息识别与提取;(2)在铜陵矿集区识别出18条断裂构造,确定了铜陵隆起的边界,断裂构造的走向主要为北东向,前人所谓"棋盘格式"断裂构造系统并不存在;(3)圈定了岩体的分布范围,在铜陵矿集区北缘,发现了2处隐伏岩体;(4)施家冲、戴家汇岩体周边是寻找矽卡岩型、斑岩型铜金矿的有利地段,铜陵隆起和繁昌火山岩盆地分界断裂两侧是寻找热液型铅锌矿和金矿的重要靶区. 相似文献
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利用重磁异常解释断裂是地质构造研究的主要手段之一.重磁异常解释断裂通常是在等值线图或剖面平面图上进行的,而重磁异常在进行等值线网格化成图时会造成微弱信息丢失,这些原因造成重磁异常解释断裂的多解性.本文对重磁异常数据在化极、曲面延拓处理的基础上,采用水平梯度法提取延拓曲面上的重磁异常梯度带,之后对断裂带进行窄化处理,通过图示技术将重磁异常数据转换成灰度值,图像的灰度值以变密度显示,形成彩色的变密度图像,这样就提高了数据图像识别断裂的视觉效果.该方法应用在鄂尔多斯盆地不同层次(时间序列)的断裂研究中,提取和识别重磁异常特征所反映的断裂信息,效果较好. 相似文献
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信阳地区位于秦岭造山带东段,横跨华北板块与扬子板块.通过在该地区开展地面高精度磁法测量工作,以高精度磁测ΔT等值线平面图为基础,运用化极、向上延拓等技术手段提取与地质相关的磁场信息,缩小重点调查范围,提高了在该地区进行地质调查工作效率.本文详细介绍了在该地区进行地面高精度磁测的工作方法.对区内磁异常进行了分类和评价,本次工作以正磁异常为主圈定了28个磁异常,按其分布范围与地质单元的关系分为5类.研究区内磁场特征和磁异常的分布特征与地层、岩体及构造带的分布特征相吻合,区内磁场按磁场强度分为4个类型:平稳磁场区、弱磁场区、带状强磁场和零乱磁场区.根据磁场特征,结合野外地质调查,在研究区推测隐伏岩体3处;从灵山岩体中解体出李家寨岩体,并根据磁场形态完整性特征确定了两者侵入早晚关系. 相似文献
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Least-squares reverse time migration has the potential to yield high-quality images of the Earth. Compared with acoustic methods, elastic least-squares reverse time migration can effectively address mode conversion and provide velocity/impendence and density perturbation models. However, elastic least-squares reverse time migration is an ill-posed problem and suffers from a lack of uniqueness; further, its solution is not stable. We develop two new elastic least-squares reverse time migration methods based on weighted L2-norm multiplicative and modified total-variation regularizations. In the proposed methods, the original minimization problem is divided into two subproblems, and the images and auxiliary variables are updated alternatively. The method with modified total-variation regularization solves the two subproblems, a Tikhonov regularization problem and an L2-total-variation regularization problem, via an efficient inversion workflow and the split-Bregman iterative method, respectively. The method with multiplicative regularization updates the images and auxiliary variables by the efficient inversion workflow and nonlinear conjugate gradient methods in a nested fashion. We validate the proposed methods using synthetic and field seismic data. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed methods with regularization improve the resolution and fidelity of the migration profiles and exhibit superior anti-noise ability compared with the conventional method. Moreover, the modified-total-variation-based method has marginally higher accuracy than the multiplicative-regularization-based method for noisy data. The computational cost of the proposed two methods is approximately the same as that of the conventional least-squares reverse time migration method because no additional forward computation is required in the inversion of auxiliary variables. 相似文献
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Timothy J. Grant 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(5):1155-1185
This paper describes the first attempt to infer ocean currents from the shapes of seismic streamers using real data. It demonstrates that it is feasible to infer the ocean currents, using a total least‐squares solution at each shotpoint, when there is no lateral steering. There are some artefacts in the inferred currents when there is lateral steering; this is believed to be caused by errors in estimating the streamer velocity. This paper describes the residual equations that form the cost function and discusses how to choose weights in the cost function based on physical criteria. Correctly choosing weights is something of an art and requires further research to make automatic and robust. 相似文献
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本文在文献的基础上,给出了一种不必用变量代换也可以确定地层电阻率和侵入深度的迭代-搜索方法.而且用实际模型和实际数据进行检验,结果表明此方法是正确、实用的. 相似文献
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Chongjin Zhao Luolei Zhang Peng Yu Yuzhu Liu Shaokong Feng 《Geophysical Prospecting》2019,67(7):1764-1777
In this work, we propose a method for determining reflection travel times based on the acquisition of first-arrival travel times via the fast sweeping method. The accuracy of this scheme was proven by conducting model experiments to establish a foundation for first-arrival tomography, reflection tomography and combined tomography. Reflection tomography was subsequently achieved using the adjoint-state method; on this basis, we propose a combined tomography method involving both first-arrival and reflection tomography. In the model experiments, excellent results were obtained via first-arrival tomography, reflection tomography and our combined tomography method. Finally, full-waveform inversion was performed, with the inversion produced by combined tomography used as the initial model. Excellent results were obtained using this approach. However, combined tomography reproduced and characterized the model much more realistically. 相似文献
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First‐arrival traveltime tomography is a robust tool for near‐surface velocity estimation. A common approach to stabilizing the ill‐posed inverse problem is to apply Tikhonov regularization to the inversion. However, the Tikhonov regularization method recovers smooth local structures while blurring the sharp features in the model solution. We present a first‐arrival traveltime tomography method with modified total‐variation regularization to preserve sharp velocity contrasts and improve the accuracy of velocity inversion. To solve the minimization problem of the new traveltime tomography method, we decouple the original optimization problem into the two following subproblems: a standard traveltime tomography problem with the traditional Tikhonov regularization and a L2 total‐variation problem. We apply the conjugate gradient method and split‐Bregman iterative method to solve these two subproblems, respectively. Our synthetic examples show that the new method produces higher resolution models than the conventional traveltime tomography with Tikhonov regularization, and creates less artefacts than the total variation regularization method for the models with sharp interfaces. For the field data, pre‐stack time migration sections show that the modified total‐variation traveltime tomography produces a near‐surface velocity model, which makes statics corrections more accurate. 相似文献
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同时反演地层电阻率与侵入深度的数值方法 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
作者曾从电法测井的数学模型出发,在假定侵入深度为已知的条件下,给出了反演地层电阻率的一个迭代方法。本文在文献[1]的基础上,将侵入深度也作为反演参数之一,通过适当的变量代换,运用微分方程反问题的数值求解方法,得到了一个可以同时反演地层电阻率与侵入深度的迭代方法。 相似文献
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The induction equation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is mathematically equivalent to a system of integral equations for the magnetic field in the bulk of the fluid and for the electric potential at its boundary. We summarize the recent developments concerning the numerical implementation of this scheme and its applications to various forward and inverse problems in dynamo theory and applied MHD. 相似文献
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We present a new inversion method to estimate, from prestack seismic data, blocky P‐ and S‐wave velocity and density images and the associated sparse reflectivity levels. The method uses the three‐term Aki and Richards approximation to linearise the seismic inversion problem. To this end, we adopt a weighted mixed l2, 1‐norm that promotes structured forms of sparsity, thus leading to blocky solutions in time. In addition, our algorithm incorporates a covariance or scale matrix to simultaneously constrain P‐ and S‐wave velocities and density. This a priori information is obtained by nearby well‐log data. We also include a term containing a low‐frequency background model. The l2, 1 mixed norm leads to a convex objective function that can be minimised using proximal algorithms. In particular, we use the fast iterative shrinkage‐thresholding algorithm. A key advantage of this algorithm is that it only requires matrix–vector multiplications and no direct matrix inversion. The latter makes our algorithm numerically stable, easy to apply, and economical in terms of computational cost. Tests on synthetic and field data show that the proposed method, contrarily to conventional l2‐ or l1‐norm regularised solutions, is able to provide consistent blocky and/or sparse estimators of P‐ and S‐wave velocities and density from a noisy and limited number of observations. 相似文献