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1.
近20多年来黄土高原的黄土磁学性质与古气候研究取得了重要进展, 极大地推动了东亚古季风演化、亚洲内陆干旱化及过去全球变化的研究, 但对亚洲内陆天山地区的黄土磁学性质知之甚少. 选择天山伊犁盆地黄土剖面进行了系统的磁性测量, 包括磁化率、无磁滞磁化率、高低温磁化率和磁滞参数等, 并与黄土高原进行了对比, 开展了伊犁黄土的X射线衍射矿物学分析, 初步探讨了伊犁黄土磁化率增强的机制. 结果表明, 伊犁黄土磁性矿物的总含量要远远低于黄土高原, 但磁性矿物类型与黄土高原黄土基本类似, 以磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿为主, 部分样品还有钛铁矿等. 在磁性矿物中磁赤铁矿占的比例总体上要比黄土高原黄土低, 而磁铁矿和赤铁矿占的比例比黄土高原黄土要高. 磁性矿物的粒度要比黄土高原粗, 以准单畴(PSD)和多畴(MD)为主. 成壤作用产生的细粒超顺磁体对磁化率的贡献非常有限, 粒径为PSD和MD的磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿为伊犁黄土磁化率的主要贡献者. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强既有风速论模式(阿拉斯加或西伯利亚黄土成土模式), 又有黄土高原超细颗粒成壤模式, 但以前一种模式为主导. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强除与源区的原生磁性矿物有关以外, 还与当地的地形气候环境和地质背景有关. 伊犁黄土磁化率增强的机制十分复杂, 将磁化率应用古气候的解释时要慎重. 相似文献
2.
自从大荔人化石被发现以来,其遗址剖面便成为研究热点.先前的研究主要集中在地层的对比划分与头盖骨年龄的推断方面,然而对于载磁矿物的鉴定及其古气候含义方面的研究却相对较少.鉴于此,本文运用热磁分析、饱和等温剩磁和剩磁矫顽力谱分析、磁滞回线分析、频率磁化率分析、热退磁分析等方法,对大荔人遗址剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学性质研究,鉴定出其主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿,赤铁矿,磁赤铁矿,磁畴状态主要是似单畴.磁铁矿,赤铁矿是样品中特征剩磁的携带者;主要起源于成土作用的超顺磁颗粒和新生成的亚铁磁性矿物,是古土壤样品磁化率增强的主要贡献者;古土壤中软磁性矿物的含量高于黄土.样品中磁赤铁矿的含量并不高.黄土-古土壤样品的频率磁化率曲线,古里雅冰芯氧同位素、细微粒浓度曲线,岐山五里铺剖面有机质含量曲线在古气候记录方面具有一致性,都展示出至少从MIS5以来,气候从冰期到间冰期的变化是渐变的,反之则表现了突变特征.上述岩石磁学研究丰富了大荔剖面的磁学领域研究内容,为相关课题的深入研究提供了依据. 相似文献
3.
风成黄土是陆地上分布最广泛的沉积物之一,记载了各种古气候演化信息.目前巴基斯坦的黄土研究甚少,磁化率与气候对应的变化机制研究尚未开展.本文对位于巴基斯坦印度河平原Bahawalpur地区新发现的黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统的岩石磁学研究,结合粒度和漫反射光谱(DRS)数据,讨论巴基斯坦黄土的磁化率变化机制.实验结果显示:Bahawalpur(BH)剖面黄土层主要的载磁矿物为磁铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,磁性颗粒以原生的MD和PSD颗粒为主.相对于黄土层,古土壤层则是以针铁矿为主,含有顺磁性矿物和少量磁铁矿.BH剖面磁化率与成土作用关系和中国黄土高原典型剖面相反,磁化率的变化可能存在一个阈值12.8×10-8 m3·kg-1,在阈值之上,强磁性矿物(磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿)占主导;阈值之下,以弱磁性矿物(主要是针铁矿)为主,这种磁性矿物的转变可能导致磁化率降低.本文可为今后利用磁化率解读该地区地层蕴含的古气候信息提供新线索. 相似文献
4.
对苏北盆地兴化1#钻孔岩心沉积物进行了质量磁化率、频率磁化率、变化曲线、等温剩磁和磁滞回线等参数的测试分析，结果表明，粘土质沉积物中的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿和赤铁矿；砂质沉积物中的磁性矿物除了磁铁矿和赤铁矿外，还含有少量的磁赤铁矿和针铁矿.针铁矿普遍存在于钻孔下部的样品中.整个钻孔沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒都是介于单畴和多畴之间的准单畴颗粒，但粘土质沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒更趋近于单畴颗粒，而砂质沉积物中的磁性矿物颗粒更趋近于多畴.根据不同的磁性矿物组合特征，选择合理的温度和磁场强度区间对古地磁退磁结果进行分析，得到沉积物可靠的特征剩磁方向，为古地磁年代学提供依据. 相似文献
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西安市道路表面灰尘样品的环境磁学研究显示磁化率(χ)、非磁滞磁化率（χARM）以及饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）均比较高,表明样品中磁性矿物含量较高.其中磁化率（χ）主要受人类活动强度影响,而非磁滞磁化率（χARM）及饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）则由人为活动强度和磁性矿物种类共同决定.κ-T曲线以及等温剩磁（IRM）获得曲线显示样品中磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿等亚铁磁性矿物占主导,并可能含有少量的单质铁,其相对含量与人类活动种类有关：与单纯的交通排放及冶金活动相比,密集的人群流动可带来更多的单质铁矿物.磁畴图谱显示磁性矿物粒径变化不大,以准单畴及多畴颗粒等粗颗粒为主,明显大于成土作用形成的磁性颗粒.综合磁性矿物含量种类以及粒径可辨别污染及污染来源,提供污染监测的磁学手段,并初步进行污染来源划分. 相似文献
8.
黄土沉积物的岩石磁学特征
与土壤化作用的关系 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：22
对黄土高原由北向南分布的靖边、宜川和段家坡3个采样点上,黄土-古土壤序列黄土层L8和古土壤层S8详细的岩石磁学实验表明1)从北到南,高场磁化率逐渐增高,反映了粘土矿物含量增加,土壤化作用加强的趋势;2)3个采样点黄土层的低场磁化率基本相同,而古土壤层S8的低场磁化率则表现为宜川高于靖边,而段家坡剖面磁化率低于宜川剖面磁化率的特征,表明低场磁化率值的大小与土壤化作用、古降雨量之间的关系是很复杂的;3)随着磁化率的升高,超顺磁性颗粒的含量明显增加,但磁性矿物含量的增加对磁化率增强的影响可能大于磁性矿物粒度变化的影响;4)3个剖面黄土层L8的磁化率-温度曲线形状基本相同,磁赤铁矿相对含量与土壤化作用成正相关.对古土壤层S8而言,段家坡剖面的温度磁化率曲线稍微不同于其他两个采样点,可能是由于磁性矿物粒度的差异造成的. 相似文献
9.
热磁测量,包括高温磁化率和高温磁化强度测量,是根据热磁曲线转折点的温度(居里点、尼尔点或相变点)鉴定样品中磁性矿物种类的有效方法.本文选取两个人工合成磁赤铁矿样品,利用四种热磁测量仪器分析不同的条件下测得的热磁曲线.依据样品与空气接触程度,将测量环境设为开放、封闭、封闭(通入氩气或氮气)三类.结果表明:热磁测量环境的开放程度对居里点和曲线可逆程度产生极大的影响.封闭环境下测得的居里点较开放环境下的低,分别对应磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿;开放系统的热磁曲线不可逆程度高于封闭系统.造成这些差异的原因是氧化还原条件的不同.本文的磁赤铁矿样品在封闭的条件下,加热至250 ℃左右开始转化为磁铁矿,因此无法通过居里点被正确识别;在开放的氧化环境下,加热的最终产物为赤铁矿,能够测得正确的居里点.本实验结果启发人们:在不同的加热环境下,磁性矿物可能表现出不同的热磁行为,根据单一的热磁曲线,很容易对样品中磁性矿物的种类造成误判.全面对比不同条件下的测量结果,才能够得出更为准确的结果. 相似文献
10.
本文对发育在澳大利亚悉尼附近的Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤剖面进行了系统的岩石磁学研究,测量了磁化率、饱和磁化强度、饱和等温剩磁、非磁滞剩磁等常温磁学参数和磁滞回线,并对所有样品进行了热磁分析.实验结果表明:全新世软土层主要磁性矿物为MD颗粒磁铁矿,磁性矿物含量与黄土高原黄土层相当.中新世老成土层随地层深度增加主要磁性矿物由磁铁矿转变为磁赤铁矿,随着磁铁矿向磁赤铁矿的转化,开始出现赤铁矿;磁性矿物粒径分布较广,以PSD颗粒为主,其次为SD颗粒,同时含有少量MD颗粒;磁性矿物含量高于黄土高原强发育古土壤层.中新世红土矿层主要磁性矿物为赤铁矿,同时含有少量磁赤铁矿和针铁矿,属于铁的富集层,赤铁矿以SD颗粒为主,含少量PSD和MD颗粒.Long Reef Beach中新世古土壤形成时期,对应着一种全球性高温多雨气候,地表化学风化作用十分强烈.丰富的降水,导致中新世老成土层发生淋溶作用,磁铁矿在向下淋溶迁移过程中逐渐氧化为磁赤铁矿和赤铁矿,铁氧化物最终在红土矿层淀积,磁赤铁矿经高温压实作用再结晶转化为赤铁矿.磁性矿物转化过程可概括为磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿化的磁铁矿—磁赤铁矿—赤铁矿,其中部分磁赤铁矿具有热稳定性,在空气(氩气)环境中加热到700℃未发生转化. 相似文献
11.
本研究选择川西高原、天山和西伯利亚Kurtak剖面的黄土古土壤样品及亚热带非风成样品进行CBD处理,系统测量并对比处理前后的磁学参数,包括低频磁化率、频率磁化率、非磁滞剩磁、饱和等温剩磁、剩磁矫顽力和热磁曲线(J-T曲线),分析处理前后磁性矿物种类、含量和磁畴的变化.结果表明,CBD方法对于磁性矿物的溶解并无明显的选择性,在温度与反应时间一定的条件下,磁性矿物的溶出量主要受控于其粒径分布.CBD方法可以非常有效地去除具有更大比表面积的细粒(< 1 μm)磁性矿物,同时溶解粗粒(>1 μm)磁性矿物外缘,使其粒径变细.CBD处理后磁化率变化存在多种可能,对于成土作用较强的古土壤,CBD方法可以较为准确地提取成土成因的磁性信息;而干旱和过度湿润条件下的风积黄土,不宜使用CBD方法区分原生与次生磁性矿物. 相似文献
12.
Characteristics and genesis of maghemite in Chinese loess and paleosols: Mechanism for magnetic susceptibility enhancement in paleosols 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Tianhu Chen Huifang Xu Qiaoqin Xie Jun Chen Junfeng Ji Huayu Lu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(3-4):790-802
Morphological characteristics and microstructures of magnetic minerals extracted from Chinese loess and paleosols were investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results indicate that maghemite in loess–paleosol sequences was transformed from magnetite through oxidation of magnetite. Maghemite transformed from eolian magnetite during chemical weathering has low-angle grain boundaries among maghemite nano-crystals. Some nano-crystalline maghemites with nanoporous texture resulted from microbe-induced precipitation of magnetite or transformation of poorly crystalline ferric Fe (oxy)hydroxides in presence of Fe-reducing bacteria. Aggregates of euhedral maghemite nano-crystals were transformed from magnetite magnetosomes. Both microbe-induced nanoporous magnetite and microbe-produced magnetite magnetosomes are directly related to microbial activities and pedogenesis of the paleosols. It is proposed that the formation of nano-crystalline maghemite with superparamagnetic property in paleosol results in the enhancement of magnetic susceptibility, although the total amount (weight percent) of magnetic minerals in both paleosol and loess units is similar. Our results also show that nano-crystalline and nanoporous magnetite grains prefer to transform into maghemite in semi-arid soil environments instead of hematite, although hematite is a thermodynamically stable phase. This result also indicates that a decrease in crystal size will increase stability of maghemite. It is also inferred that surface energy of maghemite is lower than that of hematite. 相似文献
13.
QIANG Xiaoke AN Zhisheng LI Huamei CHANG Hong & SONG Yougui . SKLLQG Institute of Earth Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Xi’an China . Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(8):1234-1245
Rock magnetism research on eolian deposits from the Chinese Loess Plateau shows that magnetite, maghe- mite and hematite are the main magnetic minerals in loess-paleosol sequences and red clay se-quences[1―8], and finds that the magnetic susceptibility increase is positively correlated to the content of ultra-fine minerals and relatively strong pedogene- sis[7―15]. This offers significant information in studying the Late Cenozoic paleoclimatic history of Chinese Loess Plateau[1,5―8,10―22… 相似文献
14.
新疆黄土-古土壤序列环境磁学参数的变化机理及其气候意义仍存在争议.本文选择天山北麓的中梁黄土剖面,系统开展了低温和常温下环境磁学参数的测试与研究,测量包括室温的磁化率与饱和磁化强度,以及磁化率与饱和剩余磁化强度的低温变化.结果发现,该剖面黄土和古土壤样品的磁性矿物主要由磁铁矿与磁赤铁矿组成,不含任何粒级成壤形成的超顺磁矿物颗粒,其磁化率信号主要记录了粉尘磁性矿物含量变化,较高的磁化率指示较强的风动力状况或者较近的风尘源区,新疆黄土的这种环境磁学"风尘输入模式"可用来重建干旱区的风动力强弱变化. 相似文献
15.
QiaoQin Xie TianHu Chen XiaoChun Xu ChengSong Qing HuiFang Xu YuBing Sun JunFeng Ji 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2009,52(3):313-322
The dominant magnetic minerals and carriers of magnetic signals within the Chinese Loess Plateau are magnetite, maghemite,
hematite, and goethite. In this study, we investigated the provenance and evolution of magnetic minerals during loess pedogenesis,
using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical and electron microscopy, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM)
and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Our results reveal that single- and multiphase mineral assemblages
among magnetic minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence have been formed. Partial oxidation of coarse eolian magnetite has
occurred in the desert source area and the oxidation degree is enhanced after deposition of the dust upon the Chinese Loess
Plateau. This mode of origin resulted in a microtexture consisting of an inner magnetite core surrounded by a hematite rim,
and strongly affected the magnetic characteristics of the loess. Goethite coexists with hematite in the loess and paleosol,
and nanometer-scale hematite is formed upon goethite rims via dehydration. Our study provides direct mineralogical evidence
of the magnetic record and paleoclimatic implications of the loess-paleosol sequence of the Chinese Loess Plateau.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40772032 and 40573054) and National Basic Research Program
(Grant No. 2007CB815603) 相似文献
16.
Rock-magnetic proxies of climate change from loess -paleosol sediments of the Czech Republic 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Summary Rock-magnetic characteristics of late Pleistocene loess-paleosol sequences in the Czech Republic show patterns of variation
that reflect climate-related depositional and diagenetic processes which acted on the sedimentary profiles. Mass-normalized
magnetic susceptibility is high in interglacial and interstadial paleosols, while uniformly low values are measured in unweathered
loess horizons. Normalized ferrimagnetic susceptibility and anhysteretic remanent magnetization show an enhancement of ultrafine
(superparamagnetic, SP) and fine (single-domain, SD, and pseudo-single-domain, PSD) grains in chernozem paleosols correlated
with δ18O substages 5c and 5a as well as in the Holocene soil. The parabraunerde paleosol associated with peak interglacial conditions,
correlated with δ18O substage 5e, shows evidence of diagenetic loss of fine grained magnetic minerals, although coarse (multidomain, MD) grains
appear to be preserved.
Low temperature remanence behavior plus high temperature susceptibility measurements of representative samples from each lithologic
unit indicate that magnetite and maghemite are the dominant magnetic minerals within the sediments. Variations in concentration-independent
rock-magnetic parameters are therefore primarily a function of grain size variations through the profile. It is anticipated
that with additional magnetic and non-magnetic sedimentological and geochemical tests, a quantitative rock-magnetic — paleoclimate
model can be developed for the central European loess region. 相似文献
17.
Detailed rock magnetic investigations and X-ray diffraction (XRD)were carried out on loess-paleosol sequences of the last interglacial-glacial at Znojmo section in Czech Republic. The results indicate that pedogenesis causes susceptibility enhancement in the paleosols, which is similar to that observed in the Chinese Loess Plateau. k-T curves, IRM, and XRD show that magnetite is the dominant magnetic mineral in the loess-paleosol sequences at the Znojmo section, while maghemite, hematite, and pyrite/pyrrhotite are minor minerals. Measurements of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) indicate that the magnetic lineation is smaller than the foliation. The susceptibility ellipsoids are oblate and the directions of the maximum principal axes (Kmax) are distributed randomly, and cannot be used to determine the paleo-wind direction. 相似文献
18.
Summary Magnetic property variations in marine, lacustrine and loess-paleosol sequences have proved to be useful proxies in climate
change studies. However in order to correctly interpret the record of the magnetic property variations it is absolutely necessary
to have a good understanding of the cause of the observed variations. Most of the ambiguity in loess-paleosol studies is in
distinguishing the role of pedogenesis from other climatic factors. Studying the mineral magnetic properties of the protected
cave sediments which have not undergone pedogenesis allows us to determine the degree to which detrital input is climatically
driven. These results will help us better understand the variations observed in the surficial loess-paleosol sequences.
This study reports mineral magnetic data collected from entrance facies sediments deposited during the early Wurmian glacial
stage in the Kůlna Cave. The entrance facies sediments consist of loess-like silts with varying amount of talus. The magnetic
susceptibility record from these sediments shows higher values in layers originating in colder climates which is different
to that commonly observed in surficial loess deposits. Higher values of magnetic susceptibility in Kůlna sediments are probably
due to higher concentrations of ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite and maghemite) and due to an increased proportion of superparamagnetic
grains. The magnetic mineralogy and the grainsize distribution (grains larger than superparamagnetic) appear not to change
throughout the studied profiles. Higher magnetic susceptibility accompanied by an increase in the superparamagnetic fraction
observed in the sediments deposited during colder periods can be explained by an increased input from a pedogenic source when
the vegetation cover was reduced and the erosion rate increased. 相似文献