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简述了耗散系统的自组织演化过程中（特别是临界行为中）Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数的变化规律，介绍了Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数的定义、理论背景与计算和估计方法，用数值方法计算Ｒｏｓｓｌｅｒ吸引子与Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ吸引子的正指数，并以大灰厂水准资料和京津唐地区多台资料为例，计算了蕴震系统在大震前后其正Ｌｙａｐｕｎｏｖ指数值的变化，以此来分析和研究系统的临界行为及其自组织的演化过程，以期为地震预报提供一种实用化的参数。 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2015,(3)
地震属性技术广泛应用于油气勘探与开发,但因地震波在地球介质中传播的复杂性、地震数据采集观测系统的局限性以及噪音干扰等原因,地震属性用于地震资料解释仍然具有很大的不确定性,而地震属性的抗噪性直接影响着地震解释的可信度。灰色理论用于处理时间序列信号具有弱化随机性、增加规律性的能力。消除趋势波动法能有效地消除数据中的各种不确定性未知趋势本文将灰色理论和消除趋势波动法相结合,提出了基于灰色消除趋势波动法计算分形标度指数地震属性的新方法。论文以Weierstrass函数产生的非线性时间序列以及实际地震资料增加随机噪音为例,讨论了灰色-消除趋势波动法计算分形标度指数的抗噪能力,研究表明新方法计算的分形标度指数具有良好的抗噪能力。将该方法应用于四川东北部地区三维地震叠后偏移数据,与传统的消除趋势波动法提取的分形标度指数地震属性进行对比,结果表明新方法计算的分形标度指数地震属性与钻井等资料结合分析,能够更好地区分沉积相带的差异,揭示生物礁的发育带。 相似文献
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本文提出比值Ｒ分析计算方法，用其求解时间序列数据矩平差和标准差结构的分形，目的的于判定地震预报指标，作为实例，宁夏区和同心区的地震频度，最大震级，以及同心地办水氡观测数据的比值Ｒ随时间的分形变化进行了初步分析，证明本方法能为我国提供可信的震情信息。 相似文献
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用算法复杂性分析时间序列 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
本文介绍了算法复杂性的概念,总结了算法复杂性的一些性质,对其所具有的优点及在计算中所存在的问题进行了讨论。通过用算法复杂性C(n)分析由地震细胞自动机模型产生的地震时间序列,说明算法复杂性用于研究地震活动演化及地震活动图象是有希望的。 相似文献
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算法复杂性川滇地区11个地震带（区）地震预报的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以川滇地区１１个地震带（区）为对象，研究了将算法复杂性Ｃ（ｎ）用地地震预报的可能性。文中以１ａ为时间窗，０．５ａ为滑动步长，按２．５＜Ｍ＜３．５＜，３．５＜Ｍ＜４．５和Ｍ＞４．５分成３档，将各地震带（区）地震序列转换成由３种符号组成的字符串，从而计算各地震带（区）算法复杂性Ｃ（ｎ）随时间变化曲线，规定了预报和预报规则，总体上取得了略高于随机瞎报的预报效果，显示了效算法复性用于地震预报研究有一定的前 相似文献
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从理论上讨论了地震发生时间研究中心常见的指数分布、Gammaw分布和Weibull分布模型之间的相互关系及其所反映的地震序列的特征。同时，对工程地震和地震预报中常见的危险函数所反映的地震特征作了分析。指出了指数分布、Gammaw分布所反映的地震序列的内涵及统计时应注意的问题。利用华北地区历史地震资料（M＞4．7）进行了分时段齐次统计的示范实例化分析，结果表明：对地震序列分时段齐次化统计能表述地震发生的不均匀现象，且处理简便。 相似文献
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本文提出了一种新的评价地震预报效能的方法:K指数方法。它从地震的自然概率、地震预报概率、预报准确系数三个方面评价地震预报效能。文中给出了相应的定量计算方法与实用实例。 相似文献
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用时间序列数据重建复杂系统动力学是非线性科学中的一个诱人课题。人们目前还无法直接给出自然界中许多现象产生的确定性规律或描述现象的微分方程,然而却可获得大量随时间变化的实测数据。据时间序列若能研究构成这些复杂现象的动力学特征,显然对揭示事物的本质是很有实际意义的。用地震时间序列重建地震复杂系统动力学,进而分析寻找表征地震过程的确定性规律,认识地震过程的动力学行为,深入研究地震预报,已成为一个引人瞩目的 相似文献
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The soil 222Rn concentration non-linear patterns are investigated by the application of various chaos methodologies based on 70 272 measurement data from the East Anatolian Fault Zone, which is one of the world’s most active faults. Among these methodologies are Lyapunov exponent, surrogate data, rescaled range (R/S) analysis, Fourier spectrum, phase space reconstruction, mutual information, false nearest neighbors, and correlation dimension. The results indicate that the nonlinear dynamical approach is convenient for characterization and prediction of the 222Rn concentration dynamics, which are in turn usually used as an earthquake precursor. Behaviour of 222Rn gas is important in earthquake prediction researches. 相似文献
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Because atmosphere itself is a nonlinear system and there exist some problems using the linearized equations to study the initial error growth, in this paper we try to use the error nonlinear growth theory to discuss its evolution, based on which we first put forward a new concept: nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent. It is quite different from the classic Lyapunov exponent because it may characterize the finite time error local average growth and its value depends on the initial condition, initial error, variables, evolution time, temporal and spatial scales. Based on its definition and the at-mospheric features, we provide a reasonable algorithm to the exponent for the experimental data, obtain the atmospheric initial error growth in finite time and gain the maximal prediction time. Lastly, taking 500 hPa height field as example, we discuss the application of the nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent in the study of atmospheric predictability and get some reliable results: atmospheric predictability has a distinct spatial structure. Overall, predictability shows a zonal distribution. Prediction time achieves the maximum over tropics, the second near the regions of Antarctic, it is also longer next to the Arctic and in subtropics and the mid-latitude the predictability is lowest. Particularly speaking, the average prediction time near the equation is 12 days and the maximum is located in the tropical Indian, Indonesia and the neighborhood, tropical eastern Pacific Ocean, on these regions the prediction time is about two weeks. Antarctic has a higher predictability than the neighboring latitudes and the prediction time is about 9 days. This feature is more obvious on Southern Hemispheric summer. In Arctic, the predictability is also higher than the one over mid-high latitudes but it is not pronounced as in Antarctic. Mid-high latitude of both Hemispheres (30°S―60°S, 30°―60°N) have the lowest predictability and the mean prediction time is just 3―4 d. In addition, predictability varies with the seasons. Most regions in the Northern Hemisphere, the predictability in winter is higher than that in summer, especially in the mid-high latitude: North Atlantic, North Pacific and Greenland Island. However in the Southern Hemisphere, near the Antarctic regions (60°S―90°S), the corresponding summer has higher predictability than its winter, while in other areas especially in the latitudes of 30°S―60°S, the prediction does not change obviously with the seasons and the average time is 3―5 d. Both the theoretical and data computation results show that nonlinear local Lyapunov exponent and the nonlinear local error growth really may measure the predictability of the atmospheric variables in different temporal and spatial scales. 相似文献
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选用甘肃嘉峪关、兰州和天水地磁台2011—2013年的观测数据,重点研究地磁垂直向日变化波形下行段的赫斯特指数变化的时序特征。结果表明,在此3年内,嘉峪关台和兰州台地磁垂直向日变化波形下行段的赫斯特指数变化范围分别是0.08和0.06,天水台在2012年存在一个赫斯特指数幅度超过正常变化范围的过程,在此过程完成后的2013年7月22日,在距离天水130km的漳县和岷县交界发生M6.6地震。结合其他学者的研究结果,认为这一赫斯特指数的异常变化过程可能反映了区域性地球深部(下地壳与上地幔)热物质运移变化而引起地球局部居里面变化,也可能是地震孕育过程在地磁日变中的表征。这一发现有益于进一步研究地磁日变异常的机理、震磁关系以及地震预报的探索。 相似文献
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根据张家口地震台记录的１９９８年张北早期地震序列资料,对其显著余震（系指ＭＬ≥４．０,下同）建立了ＧＭ（１,１）动态灰色预测模型,并进而依此模型对张北震区主震后,短时内连续发生的５次显著余震进行了尝试性现场预测,结果与实事较吻合,表明灰色预测方法对于探讨如何简捷有效地预测地震序列早期强余震问题,可能具有一定的实际意义。 相似文献
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利用卫星光谱分析技术进行断层逸出气体监测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在不少震例中,临震前地壳出现气体异常,震前地下岩石受力产生裂隙,隐藏在地层中的CO2、CH4等温室气体逸出地表或水面。利用卫星光谱分析技术对断层逸出气体组分含量和总量进行监测,筛选出能够反应地震孕育过程中地下逸出气体异常演化特征的参数,建立地震短期预测的动态演化方法。对于认识震前地表气体异常机理,了解流体震兆的演变规律与这些气体异常的动态关系,改善卫星遥感地震预测,是很必要的。 相似文献
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时间序列的投影寻踪自回归在新疆地震预报中的应用 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
选取新疆各分区一年和半年最大震级时间序列资料 ,运用投影寻踪自回归方法 ,建立相应的中、短期预测模型。并把预测模型应用于新疆年中和年度地震趋势分析 ,其预测结果是可信的 ,有一定的现实意义。 相似文献
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Craig A. Davis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2012,169(11):1989-2010
The purpose of using loss functions for earthquake prediction and disaster preparedness is to minimize expected costs when destructive earthquakes occur. This study focuses on developing a greater understanding of the interrelation between earthquake prediction characteristics and economic parameters. Equations for estimating economic losses and optimizing both earthquake prediction and disaster preparedness are presented in different dimensional forms to improve the understanding of parametric relationships between prediction and preparedness. The equations expand upon previously presented loss functions by explicitly considering loss as a function of both time and space and the cost parameters are clearly described to allow for practical application. Derivations reveal the close relationship between the loss function in terms of earthquake prediction characteristics and the benefit-cost analysis commonly used for disaster preparedness. An optimal preparedness scheme is presented based on a concept of unpreventable damage in extreme events and is shown to be a function of the level of damage prevented by taking action in response to an earthquake prediction. The formulations show that alarm durations are optimal relative to the type and time to implement different actions and the alarm area is optimal relative to the potential earthquake size and related geohazards. The presentation shows that earthquake prediction need not be constrained at a point in space to be useful for disaster preparedness and that mitigation activity is more economically feasible the smaller the area of prediction is with respect to the potential earthquake source size. Examples are used to show how loss functions can be utilized to determine if an algorithm may be useful to implement into practice and how earthquake prediction strategies can be implemented in coordination with other risk reduction strategies to make cost effective mitigations. Optimized earthquake prediction algorithms will greatly aid disaster managers and decision makers in their preparations once a prediction is made. The loss functions help to develop a greater understanding between earthquake prediction research and disaster preparedness implementation, allowing for future improvements in earthquake disaster prevention. 相似文献
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通过对汶川8.0级地震的类型和破裂特征分析, 讨论了龙门山构造带地震活动与甘肃省地震活动的关系.回顾了对汶川地震序列的动态跟踪过程以及余震活动在甘肃省的震情判定过程.认为地震预报应从地震的孕育、发展和发生过程中获得更多的物理信息,改变以往以经验、统计预报为主的模式,向以物理预报为主的预报模式迈进. 相似文献