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1.
研究了从芦苇(Phragmitis communis Trin)中分离得到的化感组分对羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum caprtcornutum)和雷氏衣藻(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)生长特性的影响.在藻类生长的对数期向培养液中投加不同浓度的化感组分,分别测定并观察了培养期间受试藻种藻密度和藻细胞形态的变化情况.结果表明,该化感组分对羊角月牙藻藻密度的增长具有明显的抑制作用,半效应浓度(EC50.7d)值为0.60mg/L,同时使羊角月牙藻细胞内部结构改变,形态变大.投加6mg/L化感组分后,藻细胞平均宽度是对照组的1.5倍.该化感组分对雷氏衣藻藻密度的增长没有明显的抑制作用,但使其运动性能降低. 相似文献
2.
转MT-like基因衣藻的重金属结合能力与抗性特征分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
通过对转MT－like基因衣藻和其野生品系的比较分析，发现转基因藻株对重金属镉和铜的结合能力及抗性均有大幅提高。在重金属结合能力方面，低浓度（5－10μmol/L）的镉溶液中，转基因藻重金属结合量是野生株的1.5倍左右，而相对高浓度（30－50μmol/L）的镉溶液中，由于重金属对藻细胞的毒害作用，使两者的差异不明显。在重金属铜和镉的抗性,转基因藻表现出明显高于野生藻株的抗性特征。用转基因藻去处理含铜的工业废水，结果发现转基因藻的处理效率可以提高10％以上。这说明DNA重组技术对提高藻类的废水处理效率方面具有较大的潜力。 相似文献
3.
研究微电流电解不同电流密度下铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的叶绿素荧光参数变化,从藻类生理生态特征方面揭示电解抑藻的作用机理.结果表明:对于体积一定而初始细胞密度不同的铜绿微囊藻藻液,微电流电解抑藻存在相应的临界电流密度阈值,当电流密度阈值时,藻的生长得到完全抑制.当电流密度阈值时,藻的光系统Ⅱ受损,但经过6 d的培养其生理活性可恢复正常.若电流密度临界值,电解胁迫将超过藻的耐受能力,从培养的第2 d开始藻的光系统Ⅱ功能完全丧失.电解抑藻一方面是通过破坏光系统Ⅱ和捕光天线藻胆体之间的连接,使藻胆体无法继续向光系统Ⅱ传递光能;另一方面是通过破坏藻细胞光系统Ⅱ结构,使其无法进行光合作用,最终导致藻细胞的死亡. 相似文献
4.
通过静态模拟实验,研究不同浓度(0.005、0.01、0.025、0.05和0.1 mg/L)菲暴露96 h后,对斜生栅藻的生长、自由基含量、抗氧化系统以及脂质过氧化产物(MDA)的影响.结果表明,0.01 mg/L菲开始对藻细胞生长产生显著抑制作用,在此浓度下电子自旋共振检测到的自由基信号(g=2.0033,幅宽10.15 mT)显著增强;在浓度设置范围内,超氧化物酶歧化酶、过氧化物酶、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶活性均被显著诱导,显示出抗氧化系统的应激机制.谷胱甘肽和MDA含量均在0.025 mg/L时被显著诱导.这说明斜生栅藻对菲暴露比较敏感,0.01 mg/L即已显示胁迫效应,自由基的诱导是斜生栅藻产生损伤的重要原因,藻细胞的生长量是比较敏感的损伤指标. 相似文献
5.
许多证据表明缓慢的水动力条件是水华暴发的重要诱因,尽管以临界流速和水体置换为基础的流量管理实践在水华控制中已见成效,但受限于水动力对藻类生长小生境的干扰机制尚不明晰,长期的流量管理实践效果并不理想.在长期野外观测、围隔实验和室内模拟等一系列研究的基础上,以现有水动力对藻类影响机制的讨论为依据,从细胞学角度提出了水动力对藻类生长影响的3种不同的概念机制,即低强度的水力扰动导致藻细胞外扩散层厚度变薄,有利于周边水体向藻细胞输送营养物质,促进藻类生长;中等强度的水力扰动导致藻类营养盐吸收及光合作用能力受损,抑制藻类生长;高强度的水流剪切导致藻细胞壁破损.基于该机制认为流量管理中临界流速应分别从水体置换和细胞学两方面考虑.研究结果可为流量管理中控制藻类水华暴发和维持水体水质的策略提供重要的理论支持. 相似文献
6.
超声波和改性粘土集成技术在去除蓝藻水华上的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
近年来,改性粘土除藻技术广泛应用于"水华"的治理当中,其原理是藻类与改性粘土絮凝后自然沉降.通过对铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)、集胞藻(Synechocystis sp.)和小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)的絮凝比较,发现具气囊的铜绿微囊藻比其他两种藻发生再悬浮的幅度更大,次数更多.针对我国的水华藻类是以微囊藻(Microcystis sp.)等为主的情况,研究超声波和改性粘土集成技术对藻类的去除效果.结果表明,超声波和改性粘土集成技术能将藻类去除率明显提高,该法的絮体稳定性比单一絮凝法明显增强,且对群体形态的藻的去除率提升效果更好.另外,在40kHz、160W超声辐照下,铜绿微囊藻的气囊去除率在95%以上,但细胞壁保持完好,细胞活性不变,藻毒素不会因细胞破裂而释放,因此超声波和改性粘土集成方法,是治理我国蓝藻水华的有效方法. 相似文献
7.
水动力条件对水体富营养化的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
水动力条件是影响水体富营养化状态和进程的主要自然因素.研究水动力条件对水体富营养化的影响对于水体富营养化模拟、预测和控制具有十分重要的意义.水动力条件能直接作用于水华藻类细胞,影响其生长繁殖与种间竞争,同时改变水体环境及营养盐的状况.其中,流速不仅对藻类的生长聚集与分布具有十分明显的影响,同时还能影响水体营养物质与优势藻的种类;流量则主要通过单位时间内水量的变化影响水体富营养化的发生与消亡;水体扰动直接作用于水体中藻类细胞与藻团,加强藻类的聚集,同时影响营养物质的混合与运移,从而使水体富营养化得以发生并持续.本文综述了流速、流量和水体扰动等水动力因子对水体富营养化的影响研究,并对其未来的研究方向进行展望,最后指出:不同水动力条件对营养盐存在形态、藻类生长及水体富营养化状态的影响机理和水动力条件对水体富营养化影响的滞后性规律与临界值研究有待进一步加强. 相似文献
8.
胶被作为蓝藻细胞外的一层功能性结构,其提取方法仍不清晰完善.本研究选取具有不同胶被形态的鱼腥藻Anabaena sp.和念珠藻Nostoc sp.为实验材料,通过归纳近10年有关藻类胶被的提取方法,总结影响胶被提取效果的主要因素(温度、提取剂浓度、时间等)范围,并设置一系列因素及其梯度的双因素实验和正交实验对胶被提取方法进行优化,观察提取过程中藻细胞形态、自发荧光以及藻细胞密度变化.结果表明,粘液可通过离心法与藻细胞分离;荚膜提取的硫酸水浴法的最优条件为:1 mol/L、60℃、30 min,氢氧化钠水浴法为:0.01 mol/L、50℃、20 min;鞘提取的最优方法条件为氢氧化钠水浴法(0.01 mol/L、80℃、40 min)和超声法(20 kHz,30 W,on:3 s,off:3 s,2 min)结合处理.此外,通过高效液相色谱法测定提取的蓝藻胶被多糖组分,结果显示,鞘具有较强的疏水性,未水化为粘液或RPS,而荚膜中含有的氨基葡萄糖(1.261±0.02 mg/g)使得荚膜比鞘更具有粘附力.将本研究得到的荚膜和鞘的最优提取法运用到胶被形态以荚膜和鞘为主的其他藻种,均有很好的提取效果.本研究可为后续进一步揭示不同类型胶被的功能作用提供技术支撑. 相似文献
9.
珠江流域西江支流贺江浮游藻类群落特征及水质分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了解珠江流域西江支流贺江浮游藻类的分布并评价其水质情况,于2013年丰水期和枯水期对贺江的浮游藻类群落结构进行调查和分析,结果表明:调查期间共检出浮游藻类7门130种,其中丰水期7门63种,枯水期5门103种,浮游藻类群落组成以绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门为主,丰水期绿藻门居多,硅藻门次之,藻细胞丰度平均值为2.13×106cells/L;枯水期硅藻门最多,藻细胞丰度平均值为3.71×106cells/L;优势种主要有水华微囊藻、卷曲鱼腥藻、小颤藻、啮蚀隐藻、短小舟形藻、变异直链藻、颗粒直链藻、四尾栅藻、集星藻、小球衣藻和小球藻.RDA分析表明,影响贺江浮游藻类群落分布的主要环境因子是氮、磷营养盐,综合营养状态指数显示贺江处于中营养水平. 相似文献
10.
2016年以来太湖总磷浓度高位波动而总氮浓度持续下降,藻细胞内源性磷释放是湖泊水体总磷的重要来源,而多聚磷酸盐作为藻细胞内磷的储存库,其含量变化会显著影响藻细胞内源性磷的释放量.针对上述现象,开展了不同硝态氮浓度影响野外水华蓝藻及实验室纯培养的铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）利用磷特别是合成多聚磷酸盐（PolyP）的研究,并通过测定低硝态氮浓度下铜绿微囊藻的光合活性以及抗氧化系统活性,探索低硝态氮浓度促进微囊藻合成PolyP的生理机制.研究结果表明,当水体硝态氮浓度低于2 mg/L时,水华蓝藻和铜绿微囊藻均能大量吸收磷酸盐,并在胞内累积PolyP.同时,由于水体中可利用氮浓度下降,铜绿微囊藻胞内蛋白质干重（0.6 mg/mg）也显著下降.此时,铜绿微囊藻细胞的光合活性仍能达到高氮对照组的75.1%~88.7%,但由于碳和氮同化潜力的下降,较强的光合活性导致细胞内活性氧累积,使细胞处于氧化应激状态,导致藻细胞内蛋白质、核酸和细胞膜结构受损.而由于PolyP具有保护作用,微囊藻合成大量PolyP,以适应缺氮的水环境,导致蓝藻奢侈吸磷.因此,低硝态氮促进微囊藻累积多聚磷酸盐,从而提升细胞内总磷含量,而高含磷蓝藻衰亡释放磷,就会增加水体中总磷浓度. 相似文献
11.
The results of studies of heavy metal accumulation by periphyton algae in 12 rivers of Kola Peninsula are presented. The potentiality of the use of periphyton in heavy metal monitoring in water bodies is discussed. 相似文献
12.
Analyses of deep water finfish to several heavy metals indicate that deep water fish have less metal in muscle tissue than do fish taken from the continental shelf. Liver tissue from deep water fish also, generally, contain less metals. Sediments and a single invertebrate collected at deep water stations have also been analysed for heavy metals. 相似文献
13.
Data on water chemistry in water bodies and streams in Pechora basin in the territory of several gas-condensate deposits are
presented. Diatom algae of periphyton and macrophytes are used to assess the effect of production facilities on aquatic ecosystems.
The specific features of the structure of diatom complexes in streams subject to the effect of pollutants and accumulation
of heavy metals in individual plant species in water bodies accumulating production wastes are shown. 相似文献
14.
Brown algae overproduce cell wall polysaccharides as a protection mechanism against the heavy metal toxicity 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Leonardo R. Andrade Raquel N. Leal Miguel Noseda Mariana S. Pereira Marcos Farina 《Marine pollution bulletin》2010,60(9):1482-1488
Brown algae are often used as heavy metal biomonitors and biosorbents because they can accumulate high concentrations of metals. Cation-exchange performed by cell wall polysaccharides is pointed out as the main chemical mechanism for the metal sequestration. Here, we biochemically investigated if the brown alga Padina gymnospora living in a heavy metal contaminated area would modify their polysaccharidic content. We exposed non-living biomass to Cd and Pb and studied the metals adsorption and localization. We found that raw dried polysaccharides, sulfate groups, uronic acids, fucose, mannose, and galactose were significantly higher in contaminated algae compared with the control ones. Metal concentrations adsorbed by non-living biomass were rising comparatively to the tested concentrations. Electron microscopy showed numerous granules in the cell walls and X-ray microanalysis revealed Cd as the main element. We concluded that P. gymnospora overproduces cell wall polysaccharides when exposed to high metal concentrations as a defense mechanism. 相似文献
15.
The character of the effect of heavy metals (copper, zinc, and cadmium) on a test-culture of chlorella algae in natural waters (the Yenisei and Kacha rivers) is studied. The toxicity of metals in samples of those waters can decrease significantly. The extent of decrease in the toxic effect of the examined pollutants depends on the type of the tested water and significantly varies over time. 相似文献
16.
太湖浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化特征及湖区差异 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
近年来随着社会经济的发展,排入太湖的污水中重金属含量不断增加,为研究太湖浮游植物中重金属的污染状况,分别于2009年春季(4月)、夏季(7月)和冬季(12月)对太湖不同湖区展开调查,通过HCA聚类分析和Pearson相关分析探讨不同湖区浮游植物中重金属含量的季节变化,并与优势藻种进行CCA分析,对浮游植物重金属与各藻种关系进行初步探讨.结果表明:太湖浮游植物中重金属的含量大小为:ZnMnPbCuNiCrAsCdHg,其中Zn、Cu、Mn、Pb、Ni的季节变化明显,Zn和Cu、Pb、Ni、Cr之间的相关系数很高且具有同源性.通过对比不同湖区,发现北部梅梁湾的浮游植物重金属含量较高,东太湖和湖心区含量均低于沿岸湖区.CCA分析表明春季重金属与优势藻种呈正相关,而夏季和冬季二者呈负相关.三季中重金属与蓝藻和绿藻的相关性最高,与隐藻的相关性最低.蓝藻中,重金属与铜绿微囊藻的相关性高于水华微囊藻. 相似文献
17.
The concentration of Cu and Zn was studied in the surface water layer in seven lakes in the Southern Urals (the east-piedmont limnological region). The investigated lakes are located meridionally at different distances from the Karabash Copper Plant, polluting the atmosphere with toxic substances and turning the adjacent areas into the zone of environmental disaster. Mathematical statistics methods were used to assess the contribution of heavy metal atmospheric emissions (in this case, of Cu and Zn) to the concentration of these metals in lake waters. The studies showed that, the distance from the source of emission is the most important factor determining the concentration of Cu in water bodies at least within 50 km from the plant. 相似文献
18.
An assessment of metal contamination in surface sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, one of the rapidly developing coastal economic zones in China, is provided. Sediments were collected from 10 stations and a total of 15 heavy metals were analyzed. Concentrations of metals show significant variability and range from 210 to 620 ppm for Ti, 2.7 to 23 ppm for Ni, 4.2 to 28 ppm for Cu, 5.2 to 18 ppm for Pb, 12 to 58 ppm for Zn, 0.03 to 0.11 ppm for Cd, 5 to 51 ppm for Cr, 1.5 to 9.9 ppm for Co, 5.3 to 19 ppm for As, 12 to 32 ppm for Se, and 19 to 97 ppm for Sr. Based on concentration relationships and enrichment factor (EF) analyses, the results indicate that sediment grain size and organic matter played important roles in controlling the distribution of the heavy metals in surface sediments of the Jiaozhou Bay. The study shows that the sediment of the Jiaozhou Bay has been contaminated by heavy metals to various degrees, with prominent arsenic contributing the most to the contamination. The analysis suggests that the major sources of metal contamination in the Jiaozhou Bay are land‐based anthropogenic ones, such as discharge of industrial waste water and municipal sewage and run‐off. Notably, the elevated heavy metal concentrations of the Jiaozhou Bay sediments could have a significant impact on the bay's ecosystem. With the rapid economic development and urbanization around the Jiaozhou Bay, coastal management and pollution control should focus on these contaminant sources, as well as provide ongoing monitoring studies of heavy metal contamination within the bay. 相似文献
19.
J. Vymazal 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1986,14(2):83-102
Zinc has definitely been established to be required for the growth of both higher plants and algae, but it can act either in a stimulatory mode or in an inhibitory one, depending on its level of availability. A variety of environmental factors are known to modify the toxicity of zinc in water on algae. It has been observed that algae differ in their tolerance to zinc. It is well known that algae can accumulate zinc or other metals from water, producing an internal concentration greater than in their surroundings. The modes of accumulation and concentration factors are given. 相似文献
20.
以巢湖蓝藻水华聚集地西半湖表层沉积物与蓝藻为对象,研究了表层沉积物重金属(Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb、Ni和Mn)总量的分布特征.同时,利用BCR连续提取法对沉积物中重金属Cd和Mn的形态进行分析,模拟探究蓝藻腐殖化过程中重金属含量的变化,探讨了蓝藻腐殖化对重金属吸附-释放的影响.结果表明,各采样点表层沉积物重金属含量均不同程度超出背景值,且距离南淝河越近越突出.潜在迁移指数表明整个西半湖沉积物中重金属Cd比Mn更易形成二次污染.相关性分析显示重金属Cd和Mn各形态含量和总量之间均表现出极显著正相关.巢湖西半湖属于典型的藻型湖,Cd和Mn的来源和分布均与蓝藻聚集密切相关,结合实验室模拟蓝藻腐殖化过程对重金属的吸附-释放规律,认为蓝藻腐殖化过程会对Cd和Mn的迁移释放产生影响. 相似文献