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1.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(3)
航空电磁探测数据量大,二维、三维反演算法复杂、计算速度慢,通常采用一维反演,利用层状模型拼接描述地下复杂结构,但航空电磁数据信噪比低,容易引起一维反演结果横向连续性差等问题.本文针对上述问题,基于一维反演算法,通过整合测线观测数据,建立了测线数据整体的目标函数,并根据Tikhonov正则化反演理论,引入包含空间粗糙度和先验信息的模型参数约束项,确定了拟二维整体反演的目标函数,推导了反演迭代方程组,利用超松弛共轭梯度算法,求得由于整条测线整体反演所致的大型稀疏矩阵的极小化解,实现了对整条测线数据同时反演的固定翼航空电磁数据的拟二维整体反演算法.在反演迭代过程中,正则化因子采用线性搜索自适应迭代的方法自动选取,提高了反演结果的稳定性.对比分析了仿真数据的一维反演与拟二维整体反演结果,得出拟二维整体反演算法横向连续性较好,对高导覆盖层下的导体分辨率优于一维反演,同时受高斯噪声的影响较小.最后,将直升机飞行实测噪声加入仿真数据中,拟二维整体反演结果平均相对误差较一维反演结果降低了31.6%,进一步验证了拟二维整体反演算法的有效性. 相似文献
2.
传统的一维反演技术已经被广泛应用于航空电磁数据解释中.然而,利用单点水平层状介质模型模拟地下复杂地电结构有时会遇到困难.突出表现在反演参数的横向不连续性,即使相邻测点的反演结果也会出现突变.本文针对航空电磁直升机吊舱系统可进行密集采样,相邻测点地下电性结构应具有某种程度连续性的特点,研究航空电磁数据横向约束反演理论,并提出参数加权约束方法.首先阐述频率域航空电磁正演和加权横向约束反演理论,着重介绍这种拟二维反演方法的基本原理和实施步骤,以及将该方法成功应用于频率域航空电磁数据反演处理的方法技术.最后,通过对理论和实测数据反演处理,并与传统的一维反演结果进行对比,验证加权横向约束反演方法的有效性. 相似文献
3.
大地电阻率分布信息是影响磁共振地下水探测反演结果准确性的重要因素.在众多电磁法勘探技术中,瞬变电磁法具有高分辨率、高效率和大探测深度等优势,能准确探测地下几百米范围内的电阻率分布信息.因此磁共振与瞬变电磁联合解释方法具有重要意义.然而,利用单一测点拼接的磁共振与瞬变电磁联合解释方法进行模拟二维反演时存在解释结果不唯一,容易出现错误异常体等问题,尤其在复杂地质情况下,同一测线上相邻测点探测结果连续性差,解释结果偏离实际.基于此,本文提出磁共振与瞬变电磁横向约束联合反演方法（Laterally Constrained Inversion,简称LCI）,重点引入外推积分法（quadrature with extrapolation,简称QWE）,解决了传统正演过程中基于直接数值积分方法引起的求解效率低的问题,保证了联合反演方法的顺利实施,进而以相邻测点地下结构应具备连续性为依据,引入横向约束反演思想,通过在联合反演目标函数中加入相邻测点间各模型参数约束矩阵,提高磁共振解释结果准确性,加强探测剖面地质结构和含水模型连续性.经过理论模型证实,本文提出的LCI方法能有效提高传统一维反演结果的稳定性和唯一性.最后,对安徽黄山野外实际探测数据进行横向约束联合反演,验证了磁共振与瞬变电磁LCI联合反演方法的实用性.本文的研究成果将为磁共振与瞬变电磁空间约束联合反演奠定基础. 相似文献
4.
《地球物理学报》2017,(2)
大地电阻率分布信息是影响磁共振地下水探测反演结果准确性的重要因素.在众多电磁法勘探技术中,瞬变电磁法具有高分辨率、高效率和大探测深度等优势,能准确探测地下几百米范围内的电阻率分布信息.因此磁共振与瞬变电磁联合解释方法具有重要意义.然而,利用单一测点拼接的磁共振与瞬变电磁联合解释方法进行模拟二维反演时存在解释结果不唯一,容易出现错误异常体等问题,尤其在复杂地质情况下,同一测线上相邻测点探测结果连续性差,解释结果偏离实际.基于此,本文提出磁共振与瞬变电磁横向约束联合反演方法(Laterally Constrained Inversion,简称LCI),重点引入外推积分法(quadrature with extrapolation,简称QWE),解决了传统正演过程中基于直接数值积分方法引起的求解效率低的问题,保证了联合反演方法的顺利实施,进而以相邻测点地下结构应具备连续性为依据,引入横向约束反演思想,通过在联合反演目标函数中加入相邻测点间各模型参数约束矩阵,提高磁共振解释结果准确性,加强探测剖面地质结构和含水模型连续性.经过理论模型证实,本文提出的LCI方法能有效提高传统一维反演结果的稳定性和唯一性.最后,对安徽黄山野外实际探测数据进行横向约束联合反演,验证了磁共振与瞬变电磁LCI联合反演方法的实用性.本文的研究成果将为磁共振与瞬变电磁空间约束联合反演奠定基础. 相似文献
5.
航空瞬变电磁法适用于浅表地层的大面积探测,由于实测数据量巨大,一维反演作为一种快速高效的方法被广泛应用.在层状地电条件下,横向约束反演能有效的改善传统单点阻尼最小二乘反演结果中界面横向不连续的情况,但其存在反演过程依赖初始模型,且在复杂层状情况下迭代不稳定的问题.本文提出一种基于OCCAM反演并在正则化项中引入横向光滑约束的光滑拟二维反演方法,在保持OCCAM方法对初始模型依赖性小优势的同时,也使得相邻测点电性横向连续.在反演过程中采用令满足迭代误差的测点不再参与后续迭代的策略,以此减少不必要的正演和雅可比计算,提高反演效率.通过对三个不同地电情况的理论模拟数据进行光滑拟二维反演,并与其他传统反演方法对比,验证了该方法能有效的提高反演稳定性,得到与理论模型高度吻合的反演结果. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(6)
受计算机硬件水平限制,大地电磁(MT)三维反演难以在实际中推广应用,MT数据解释仍以二维反演为主.地质构造具有一定的二维性特征,但不同的地质构造走向往往不同、MT测线无法与每个构造的走向垂直,这使得实际MT数据并不满足严格的二维反演条件.因此,有必要开展大地电磁测深二维反演对"准二维"地质构造的适应性研究.本文设计三个理论地电模型,通过三维正演计算获得各测点大地电磁响应,以此模拟实际观测数据.对MT数据进行相位张量分析,结果表明设计的地电模型主要表现为二维性特征.利用非线性共轭梯度(NLCG)反演算法对理论MT数据进行二维反演研究,重点讨论了测线方向、电性主轴旋转策略及反演模式选择,对反演结果的影响.对比分析反演结果,得到如下认识:1.测线方向对反演结果影响较小;2.电性主轴旋转角度对反演结果影响较大;3.TE+TM联合模式及单独TM模式的反演效果较好.研究结果表明:当一条测线下方在横向与纵向上存在走向不同的多个异常体时,对整条剖面分测点、分频段进行电性主轴旋转,反演所得结果最可靠. 相似文献
7.
Z轴倾子电磁法(ZTEM)是一种极具前景的新型天然源频率域航空电磁法,具有勘探深度较大,工作效率高的特点.本文基于大地电磁法(MT)三维数据空间OCCAM反演算法,实现了三维ZTEM倾子资料的数据空间反演算法.将该算法应用到理论合成算例中进行反演,反映出ZTEM倾子反演对模型横向边界的约束优于垂向的特性,并且与MT阻抗反演结果进行对比,验证了所实现的倾子资料三维数据空间反演算法的有效性,表明ZTEM倾子反演在约束电阻率模型横向位置能力上更具优越性.该反演算法可用于ZTEM所整理得到的倾子数据进行三维定量反演,实现大区域的地质构造三维成像,获得地下地质模型的电阻率结构信息. 相似文献
8.
地震走时数据可以反演近地表的速度,但不能反演出隐蔽层和低速层。航空电磁数据可以反演近地表的高电阻率和低电阻率,但是对垂直方向的分辨率低。联合三维地震走时数据和航空电磁数据反演了近地表的速度和电阻率结构,并采用棋盘模型测试和实际数据应用展示了联合反演出的速度模型优于单独的走时反演出的速度模型。结果表明:该算法可以应用到处理数据量大的勘探地震成像中,能提供优化的速度结构。 相似文献
9.
航空电磁数据的三维解释由于数据量大需要有高效的反演算法作为支撑.本文利用两种目前主流的数值优化技术（非线性共轭梯度和有限内存的BFGS法）实现了三维频率域航空电磁反演,并进一步比较了两种方法的有效性和运算效率.在反演过程中,为了更好地反演异常体的空间位置,模型方差矩阵中的光滑系数在反演起始阶段取值较大;当数据拟合差下降趋于平缓时,再利用较小的光滑因子约束反演过程来实现聚焦和获得精确的反演结果.理论数据反演表明这两种优化策略具有相似的内存需求,但是有限内存的BFGS技术比非线性共轭梯度法在计算时间和模型反演分辨率上具有一定的优越性,因此有限内存BFGS法更适合于求解大规模三维反演问题. 模型试验进一步表明目前主流的迭代法求解技术不适合大规模航空电磁数据反演,未来移动平台多源电磁数据快速正反演可通过引入矩阵分解技术来实现. 相似文献
10.
各向异性介质对大地电磁观测数据的影响往往不可忽略,因此需要提高大地电磁各向异性三维反演的可靠性和有效性.为了满足大地电磁各向异性三维反演的需求,本文研究了一种基于交叉梯度结构约束的大地电磁主轴各向异性并行三维反演算法.根据大地电磁平面波理论假设,正演方程采用背景场与二次场分离的计算方式,二次场利用交错网格有限差分法求解.由于各向异性反演的多解性,本文将各向异性介质简化为主轴各向异性,并在此基础上进一步采用有限内存拟牛顿LBFGS法实现三维各向异性反演.为了提高各向异性反演的分辨率,反演目标函数中引入交叉梯度项,利用先验的结构信息,对三个方向的电阻率参数进行结构约束,最终的反演进一步利用MPI(Message Passing Interface,消息传递接口)技术实现分频并行计算,测试结果显示并行接近线性加速比. 相似文献
11.
Daan Herckenrath Nick Odlum Vanessa Nenna Rosemary Knight Esben Auken Peter Bauer‐Gottwein 《Ground water》2013,51(3):385-397
Salt water intrusion models are commonly used to support groundwater resource management in coastal aquifers. Concentration data used for model calibration are often sparse and limited in spatial extent. With airborne and ground‐based electromagnetic surveys, electrical resistivity models can be obtained to provide high‐resolution three‐dimensional models of subsurface resistivity variations that can be related to geology and salt concentrations on a regional scale. Several previous studies have calibrated salt water intrusion models with geophysical data, but are typically limited to the use of the inverted electrical resistivity models without considering the measured geophysical data directly. This induces a number of errors related to inconsistent scales between the geophysical and hydrologic models and the applied regularization constraints in the geophysical inversion. To overcome these errors, we perform a coupled hydrogeophysical inversion (CHI) in which we use a salt water intrusion model to interpret the geophysical data and guide the geophysical inversion. We refer to this methodology as a Coupled Hydrogeophysical Inversion‐State (CHI‐S), in which simulated salt concentrations are transformed to an electrical resistivity model, after which a geophysical forward response is calculated and compared with the measured geophysical data. This approach was applied for a field site in Santa Cruz County, California, where a time‐domain electromagnetic (TDEM) dataset was collected. For this location, a simple two‐dimensional cross‐sectional salt water intrusion model was developed, for which we estimated five uniform aquifer properties, incorporating the porosity that was also part of the employed petrophysical relationship. In addition, one geophysical parameter was estimated. The six parameters could be resolved well by fitting more than 300 apparent resistivities that were comprised by the TDEM dataset. Except for three sounding locations, all the TDEM data could be fitted close to a root‐mean‐square error of 1. Possible explanations for the poor fit of these soundings are the assumption of spatial uniformity, fixed boundary conditions and the neglecting of 3D effects in the groundwater model and the TDEM forward responses. 相似文献
12.
Alexandre Pryet James Ramm Jean-Paul Chilès Esben Auken Benoit Deffontaines Sophie Violette 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(2):277-283
We develop a technique allowing 3D gridding of large sets of 1D resistivity models obtained after inversion of extensive airborne EM surveys. The method is based on the assumption of a layered-earth model. 2D kriging is used for interpolation of geophysical model parameters and their corresponding uncertainties. The 3D grid is created from the interpolated data, its structure accurately follows the geophysical model, providing a lightweight file for a good rendering. Propagation of errors is tracked through the quantification of uncertainties from both inversion and interpolation procedures. The 3D grid is exported to a portable standard, which allows flexible visualization and volumetric computations, and improves interpretation. The method is validated and illustrated by a case-study on Santa Cruz Island, in the Galapagos Archipelago. 相似文献
13.
为更好地处理与解释复杂海底地形条件下测得的海洋可控源电磁数据,本文提出了一种基于非结构网格剖分的频率域海洋可控源电磁数据三维正则化反演方法.该方法首先对海洋地电模型以非结构四面体单元进行离散,然后基于矢量有限元方法获得海洋可控源电磁响应和灵敏度信息,最后采用共轭梯度法求解高斯-牛顿反演方程计算模型修正量.为提高反演的稳定性,通过在反演过程中采用对数转换方法实现反演模型参数的上下限约束.本文分别测试了单测线水平海底地形反演算例和面积性测量的起伏海底地形反演算例.反演结果表明,本文提出的频率域海洋可控源电磁三维反演能够准确地恢复高阻储油层的位置和电阻率信息,且计算效率较高,可用于实测海洋电磁资料的处理与解释. 相似文献
14.
To improve the inversion accuracy of time-domain airborne electromagnetic data, we propose a parallel 3D inversion algorithm for airborne EM data based on the direct Gauss–Newton optimization. Forward modeling is performed in the frequency domain based on the scattered secondary electrical field. Then, the inverse Fourier transform and convolution of the transmitting waveform are used to calculate the EM responses and the sensitivity matrix in the time domain for arbitrary transmitting waves. To optimize the computational time and memory requirements, we use the EM “footprint” concept to reduce the model size and obtain the sparse sensitivity matrix. To improve the 3D inversion, we use the OpenMP library and parallel computing. We test the proposed 3D parallel inversion code using two synthetic datasets and a field dataset. The time-domain airborne EM inversion results suggest that the proposed algorithm is effective, efficient, and practical. 相似文献
15.
To reduce the dependence of EM inversion on the choice of initial model and to obtain the global minimum, we apply transdimensional Bayesian inversion to time-domain airborne electromagnetic data. The transdimensional Bayesian inversion uses the Monte Carlo method to search the model space and yields models that simultaneously satisfy the acceptance probability and data fitting requirements. Finally, we obtain the probability distribution and uncertainty of the model parameters as well as the maximum probability. Because it is difficult to know the height of the transmitting source during flight, we consider a fixed and a variable flight height. Furthermore, we introduce weights into the prior probability density function of the resistivity and adjust the constraint strength in the inversion model by changing the weighing coefficients. This effectively solves the problem of unsatisfactory inversion results in the middle high-resistivity layer. We validate the proposed method by inverting synthetic data with 3% Gaussian noise and field survey data. 相似文献
16.
A set of geophysical data collected in an area in Iran are analyzed to check the validity of a geological map that was prepared in connection to a mineral prospecting project and also to image the spatial electrical resistivity distribution. The data set includes helicopter electromagnetic (HEM), airborne magnetic and ground electrical resistivity measurement. Occam approach was used to invert the HEM data to model the resistivity using a layered earth model with fixed thicknesses. The algorithm is based on a nonlinear inverse problem in a least-squares sense.The algorithm was tested on a part of an HEM dataset acquired with a DIGHEM helicopter EM system at Kalat-e-Reshm, Semnan in Iran. The area contains a resistive porphyry andesite that is covered by Eocene sedimentary units. The results are shown as resistivity sections and maps confirming the existence of an arc like resistive structure in the survey area. The resistive andesite seems to be thicker than it is indicated in the geological maps. The results are compared with the reduced to the pole (RTP) airborne magnetic anomaly field data as well as with two ground resistivity profiles. We found reasonable correlations between the HEM 1D resistivity models and 2D models from electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) inversions. A 3D visualization of the 1D models along all flight lines provided a useful tool for the study of spatial variations of the resistivity structure in the investigation area. 相似文献
17.
交叉梯度联合反演方法通过对多种地球物理模型实现结构耦合,在岩石物性关系不确定的情况下,既能提高反演结果的可靠性,又能减少反演的多解性,还能减少不同方法解释结果之间的矛盾.当不同的模型观测数据覆盖范围不一致时,交叉梯度联合反演通常需要取出重叠区域数据进行联合反演,并且建模时还要扩展一些模型范围.本文首先提出并实现了部分区域约束下的交叉梯度多重地球物理数据联合反演算法;接着进行了算法的模型试算;最后,我们将该反演算法用于本溪—集安深部地质调查重磁电综合地质地球物理解释中.结果表明:该算法不但能在重叠区域内很好地恢复结构相似的模型,而且在非重叠区域与重叠区域的边界处仍然可以得到平滑变化的模型;在本溪—集安10号剖面所获得的结构上相似的电阻率、密度及磁化率模型较好地反映了该区的深部地质结构,对于确定深部地质体的性质提供了有力的证据. 相似文献
18.
Mohamed Abdelzaher Jun Nishijima Hakim Saibi Gad El-Qady Usama Massoud Mamdouh Soliman Abdellatif Younis Sachio Ehara 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2012,169(9):1679-1692
Magnetotelluric (MT) soundings and gravity methods were employed to study the deep freshwater aquifer in the area north of Abo Zenema city on the eastern side of the Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Seven MT sites and 48 gravity stations were surveyed along northeast–southwest profiles as close as possible to a line perpendicular to the coast of the Gulf of Suez. The MT survey was conducted using high and low frequencies to investigate shallow and deep areas, respectively. One-dimensional inversion was conducted using a heuristic inversion scheme of the Bostick algorithm. The MT data were also inverted with a 2-D smooth model inversion routine using the nonlinear conjugate gradient method to infer variation in vertical and lateral resistivity inside the Earth. A 100-Ohm-m homogeneous half-space initial model was used to invert the TE mode data only. Then, the inverted model obtained from the TE mode data was used as an initial model for inversion of the TM mode data. The inverted model thus obtained from the TM mode data inversion was used as an initial model for the inversion of the joint TE and TM responses. Two-dimensional (2-D) forward modeling of the gravity data was conducted using the 2-D polygon method of Talwani’s algorithm for an arbitrarily shaped body and was based on the subsurface information from the MT survey and the available information about the geological structure of the study area. This method enabled us to obtain the basement structure of the coastal aquifer in the study area. The results from the analysis and the interpretation of MT and gravity data were used to detect and delineate the groundwater coastal aquifer in the study area. 相似文献