共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
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昆明黏性土动力特性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对昆明地区黏性土进行室内的共振柱试验和动三轴试验,初步研究了该地区黏性土的动力特性,得出了不同初始固结比下黏性土的动强度曲线,比较了黏土与粉质黏土的动强度受固结应力比的差异,并对黏性土的动强度与破坏时其振动周数之间的关系曲线进行了拟合,给出了其数学表达式根据试验所得动强度包线的特征和动强度参数,分析了黏性土强度参数的变... 相似文献
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GZZ-1型自振柱试验机研制与性能试验 总被引：23，自引：3，他引：23
作者研制成功GZZ－1型自振柱试验机，该机和动三轴试验机共用一套控制、采集及气压系统，并把纵向共振和自振柱集成为一套系统。实现了计算机自动控制及数据处理程序化。性能试验表明，该试验机动态响应好，运行可靠，操作方便，具有较高的试验精度。 相似文献
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动剪切模量和阻尼比是重大工程开展场地地震反应分析必不可少的参数。完成了南京细砂的自振柱和动三轴试验,研究了固结围压、孔隙比、含水量和荷载频率对动剪切模量和阻尼比的影响。试验结果表明:固结围压和孔隙比对最大动剪切模量的影响显著,建立了最大剪切模量与固结围压、孔隙比之间的经验关系,最大剪切模量随细砂中含水量的增加而减小并趋于稳定;固结围压对动剪切模量比具有一定影响,其他3个因素对动剪切模量比和阻尼比的影响不明显;排水条件下泊松比随剪应变幅值的增大而增大,剪应变幅值在1.0×10-4~1.0×10-3范围时,泊松比增大的趋势更加明显;采用自振柱和动三轴试验测试得到的动剪切模量比和阻尼比基本一致。 相似文献
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DGZ-1多功能共振柱常规试验可靠性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对新研制的多功能共振柱讕验机常规土类试验,发展此类仪器的试验可靠性分析理论,建立一套检验自身可靠性的分析方法傌技术,包括试验误差分析、试验定量考核、土工试验等多种技术手段。首先建立了共振柱仪动剪切模量误差、应叐误差和阻尼比误差的分析公式,得到了几种主要影响因素及其对试验误差影响程度的新认识。同时,通过若干已知动剪切模量且频率和土频率相接近的钢杆和铝杆试件的自振和共振试验,定量上验证该仪器常规试验结果的可靠性;通过砂土和原状粘土常规试验,定性上检验土工试验结果的合理性。通过对新研制的多功能共振柱试验机的常规试验功能进行可靠性的自身检验,所有试验结果是令人满意和可靠的,结果符合现有规律的认识。 相似文献
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At many sites on soft ground, spectral ratios (ratios of smoothed Fourier amplitude spectral ordinates at the site to those at a station on firm ground) for distant earthquakes are little sensitive to focal mechanism and coordinates and to magnitude. Spectral ratios furnish directly expected Fourier amplitude spectral ordinates at the site of interest. The corresponding response spectra can be estimated through the use of random vibration theory. This step is obviated by resorting directly to ratios of response spectral ordinates. Through comparisons for several sites on the Valley of Mexico we find that these ratios are as stable as those of Fourier amplitude spectral ordinates. 相似文献
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Our previous studies show that site effects (amplification of rock motions), source and path effects are coupled when response spectra are used to characterize the amplification ratios for a soil site modelled as nonlinear or elastic. The coupling is referred to as a “side effect” of using response spectral amplification ratios. In the present study we use a suite of rock site records, well distributed with respect to magnitude and source distance, from crustal, subduction interface and slab earthquakes to evaluate the response spectral amplification ratio for soft soil sites. We compare these side-effects for ground motions generated by three types of earthquakes, and we find that, at periods much shorter or much longer than the natural period of a soil site modelled as elastic, the average amplification ratios with respect to rock site ground motions from three types of earthquakes are moderately different and are very similar for other spectral periods. These differences are not statistically significant because of the moderately large scatter of the amplification ratios. However, the extent of magnitude- and source-distance-dependence of amplification ratios differs significantly. After the effects of magnitude and source distance on the amplification ratios are accounted for, the differences in amplification ratios between crustal and subduction earthquake records are very large in some particular combinations of source distance and magnitude range. These findings may have potential impact in establishing design spectra for soft soil sites using strong motion attenuation models or numerical modelling. 相似文献
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The next generation of seismic design codes, especially those adopting the framework of performance‐based design, will include the option of design based on displacements rather than forces. For direct displacement‐based design using the substitute structure approach, the spectral ordinates of displacement need to be specified for a wide range of response periods and for several levels of damping. The code displacement spectra for damping values higher than the nominal value of 5% of critical will generally be obtained, as is the case in Eurocode 8 and other design codes, by applying scaling factors to the 5% damped ordinates. These scaling factors are defined as functions of the damping ratio and, in some cases, the response period, but are independent of the nature of the expected ground shaking. Using both predictive equations for spectral ordinates at several damping levels and stochastic simulations, it is shown that the scaling factors for different damping levels vary with magnitude and distance, reflecting a dependence of the scaling on the duration of shaking that increases with the damping ratio. The options for incorporating the influence of this factor into design code specifications of displacement response spectra are discussed. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Results of a detailed statistical study of constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios to estimate maximum lateral inelastic displacement demands on existing structures from maximum lateral elastic displacement demands are presented. These ratios were computed for single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems with different levels of lateral strength normalized to the strength required to remain elastic when subjected to a relatively large ensemble of recorded earthquake ground motions. Three groups of soil conditions with shear wave velocities higher than 180m/s are considered. The influence of period of vibration, level of lateral yielding strength, site conditions, earthquake magnitude, distance to the source, and strain‐hardening ratio are evaluated and discussed. Mean inelastic displacement ratios and those associated with various percentiles are presented. A special emphasis is given to the dispersion of these ratios. It is concluded that distance to the source has a negligible influence on constant relative strength inelastic displacement ratios. However, for periods smaller than 1s earthquake magnitude and soil conditions have a moderate influence on these ratios. Strain hardening decreases maximum inelastic displacement at a fairly constant rate depending on the level of relative strength for periods of vibration longer than about 1.0s while it decreases maximum inelastic displacement non‐linearly as the period of vibration shortens and as the relative‐strength ratio increases for periods of vibration shorter than 1.0s. Finally, results from non‐linear regression analyses are presented that provide a simplified expression to be used to approximate mean inelastic displacement ratios during the evaluation of existing structures built on firm sites. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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F.H. Busse 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1981,24(4):320-324
Some dynamic implications of separate convection systems in the upper and the lower mantle of the Earth are investigated. It is shown that the horizontal scale of convection cells in the lower mantle is likely to determine the scale of flow in the upper mantle. This does not preclude the nearly independent realization of convection cells with horizontal dimensions comparable to the depth of the upper mantle. 相似文献
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James R. Christian 《Ocean Dynamics》2007,57(1):63-71
As ocean biogeochemical models evolve to permit the elemental composition of plankton populations and dissolved organic matter
to vary, each element is normally assigned a separate state variable, which is advected and mixed independently of the others.
In a population of cells with varying elemental quotas, the proper currency of the advection operator is subpopulations of
similar cells. The spatial gradient in total C, N, or P summed over the spectrum of such subpopulations is identical to that
calculated for the population means, so treating the various elements as independent should generally be a valid approximation.
However, errors can arise in high-order advection schemes with nonlinear corrector terms, which are not additive across the
subpopulations. Some numerical examples indicate that these errors are relatively small [O(10−3–10−4)] but can be as high as O(10−2) in certain cases. As grid resolution varies, the error scales approximately to the Courant number. 相似文献
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Results of an analytical study aimed at evaluating residual displacement ratios, Cr, which allow the estimation of residual displacement demands from maximum elastic displacement demands is presented. Residual displacement ratios were computed using response time‐history analyses of single‐degree‐of‐freedom systems having 6 levels of relative lateral strength when subjected to an ensemble of 240 earthquake ground motions recorded in stations placed on firm sites. The results were statistically organized to evaluate the influence of the following parameters: period of vibration, level of relative lateral strength, site conditions, earthquake magnitude, and distance to the source. In addition, the influence of post‐yield stiffness ratio in bilinear systems and of the unloading stiffness in stiffness‐degrading systems was also investigated. A special emphasis is given to the uncertainty of these ratios. From this study, it is concluded that mean residual displacement ratios are more sensitive to changes in local site conditions, earthquake magnitude, distance to the source range and hysteretic behaviour than mean inelastic displacement ratios. In particular, residual displacement ratios exhibit large levels of record‐to‐record variability and, therefore, this dispersion should be taken into account when estimating residual displacements. A simplified expression is presented to estimate mean residual displacements ratios for elastoplastic systems during the evaluation of existing structures built on firm soil sites. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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G.L. Cumming 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》1976,31(1):179-183
Analyses of Pb from mid-ocean ridge basalts obtained from DSDP Leg 37 lie on a line of near-zero-age slope. The data seem consistent with an evolutionary model of three stages, the beginning of the second stage being at about 600 m.y. — the model age obtained for the least radiogenic Pb. The beginning of the third stage of evolution at the time of formation of the rocks apparently did not change the average Th/U ratio since measured values are consistent with the ratio deduced from Pb isotope ratios. Ratios of U/Pb are not consistent with Pb isotope ratios, however, thus ruling out a simple two-stage evolutionary model. 相似文献
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地震动加速度反应谱竖向分量与水平分量的比值 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
本文采用水平向444条,竖向228条严格按我国抗震设计规范划分场地条件的实际强震记录,计算了不同情况下加速度反应谱竖向分量与水平分量的比值(V／H)的平均值,结果表明：(1)V／H随周期变化明显。在短周期,有1个1．0左右的峰值,在周期0．2～1．0间有1个0．4左右的低谷,在2s以后的长周期,V／H趋近1个0．6左右的常数。(2)V／H值与震中距也有很大关系,在震源附近竖向反应谱与水平向反应谱很接近,V／H均值在周期长于2s时达到了0．9。(3)它与场地条件也有很大关系,短周期处,Ⅰ类场地V／H峰值为0．7,Ⅱ、Ⅲ类场地V／H峰值为1．1,长周期处则随场地类别由Ⅰ,Ⅱ到Ⅲ类,V／H由大到小。建议抗震设计规范修订时应考虑对竖向反应谱的规定予以修正,文中给出了建议方案。 相似文献