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1.
沉水植物附植生物膜藻类组成及重金属累积特征   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
宋旭  林陶  夏品华  严定波  杨羽  马莉  汤向宸 《湖泊科学》2019,31(5):1268-1278
沉水植物表面常富集水体中有机质、泥沙、菌胶团、藻类、微生物等形成附植生物膜,在湖泊生物地球化学循环过程中具有重要作用.在草海选取金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)和光叶眼子菜(Potamogeton lucens L.)3种不同叶形的沉水植物,研究附植生物膜的形貌结构、理化特征、藻类及其重金属镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)累积特征.结果表明:3种沉水植物附植生物膜上共鉴定出藻类6门8纲17目29科65属81种,主要为蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻,不同附植生物膜藻类功能群组成不同,冗余分析表明,水环境因子能解释藻类功能群变化的88.3%;3种沉水植物附植生物膜铁(Fe)、锰(Mn)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量变化规律一致,均为:金鱼藻 > 微齿眼子菜 > 光叶眼子菜;附植生物膜中重金属的累积具有选择性,Pb大量累积(11.41~41.31 mg/kg),Cd累积含量较低(0.59~5.76 mg/kg)且与植物相当(0.44~5.56 mg/kg),附植生物膜中Pb累积含量与生物膜中隐藻门、硅藻门藻类生物量、Fe、Mn及TN含量呈显著相关,但Cd累积与生物膜各指标均无显著相关性.附植生物膜在草型湖泊污染物归趋转化中的作用值得关注.  相似文献   

2.
姚程  胡小贞  姜霞  陈俊伊  王坤 《湖泊科学》2021,33(6):1626-1638
以太湖贡湖湾人工湖滨带为对象,研究湖滨水生植物修复过程及其富营养化控制效果.人工湖滨区域内的消浪带、岸上护坡措施为水生植物修复提供了良好的生境条件,形成了包括荇菜(Nymphoides peltatum(Gmel.)Kuntze)、睡莲(Nymphaea tetragona Georgi)、菱(Trapa bispinosa Roxb.)为主的浮叶植物群落,以及以黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata(Linn.f.)Royle)、狐尾藻(Myriophyllum verticillatum L.)、小眼子菜(Potamogeton pusillus L.)、竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)为主的沉水植物群落.通过设置研究区、对照区,持续监测溶解氧、总氮、总磷、氨氮、叶绿素a浓度等水体指标,烧失量、氮含量、磷含量等沉积物指标,水生植物生物量、覆盖度,浮游藻类等指标.不同时期、不同区域间的时空分布显示:随着水生植物的恢复,水体营养状态指数(TLI)、沉积物生物生产力指数(BPI)显著下降,水体透明度显著提升;较高浓度的总氮(>3.0 mg/L)、氨氮(>0.6 mg/L)环境不利于浮叶植物的生长,沉水植物对其则表现出更好的适应性,同时水生植物在成长过程中直接从水体/沉积物中吸收氮;颤藻(Cyanophyta oscillatoria)、直裂藻(Cyanophyta merismopedia)等浮游藻类吸收了水体磷,水生植物利用了沉积物磷,共同缓解了磷在湖滨区域的累计.总结以上,湖滨带的水文水质条件可以影响水生植物群落结构,进而决定氮、磷的控制效果,所以在湖滨带修复中构建合适的生境条件是水生植物发挥氮磷控制效果的重要前提.水生植物在恢复过程中对浮游藻类群落结构的影响是显著的,并且以此影响到湖滨水体中磷的分布.  相似文献   

3.
吴曼曼  孙庆业 《湖泊科学》2020,32(6):1784-1792
蚌类在湿地生态系统元素的富集与转化过程中发挥重要作用.以巢湖常见扭蚌(Arconaia lanceolata)、三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)、褶纹冠蚌(Cristaria plicata)和圆顶珠蚌(Unio douglasiae)为对象,分析其内脏团、外套膜(包含鳃,下同)和斧足中5种微量元素(Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Pb)的含量.结果表明:5种元素在4种蚌体内均有检出,除Zn在圆顶珠蚌组织间表现为外套膜>内脏团>斧足外,4种蚌体组织间5种微量元素含量均表现为内脏团 > 外套膜 > 斧足;4种蚌类各微量元素平均含量均表现为Zn > Cu > As > Pb > Cd;Cu和Pb在4种蚌类中的平均含量表现为扭蚌 > 褶纹冠蚌 > 圆顶珠蚌 > 三角帆蚌,扭蚌各组织中Pb含量是其他3种蚌类的2.62~6.99倍,Zn的各平均含量表现为圆顶珠蚌 > 扭蚌 > 三角帆蚌 > 褶纹冠蚌,As表现为圆顶珠蚌 > 三角帆蚌 > 褶纹冠蚌 > 扭蚌,Cd表现为扭蚌 > 圆顶珠蚌 > 三角帆蚌 > 褶纹冠蚌,Cd在圆顶珠蚌和扭蚌中的含量是三角帆蚌和褶纹冠蚌的2.75~6.08倍.不同种类之间微量元素含量的差异大于同一种类微量元素含量的空间差异.微量元素污染较重的河口区蚌体组织具有较高的微量元素含量,污染较轻的河口中蚌体组织各微量元素含量也相对较低,表明蚌类可作为巢湖水体微量元素污染监测的指示生物.4种蚌类中Pb、Cd、As含量均未超出国家食品安全标准的限定值.  相似文献   

4.
孙甜甜  田永静  赵炜  孙康  姜涛 《湖泊科学》2020,32(6):1620-1631
随着城市化进程的不断加快,不同用地类型上产生的降雨径流中重金属含量高且差异较大,而目前仍缺乏对降雨径流所携带的重金属风险评价的研究.以苏州城区为研究对象,选取商业区、居住区、历史文化保护区和文教区,监测降雨径流中铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)和铅(Pb)3种常见重金属浓度,通过物种敏感性分布(SSD)曲线获取预测无效应浓度(PNEC),基于重金属的生态有效性,应用风险商(RQ)法对重金属的生态风险进行评价.结果表明:以6场有效降雨事件的事件平均浓度(EMC)统计结果的平均值为分析依据,对照《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002),苏州城区径流中的Zn、Cu浓度满足Ⅱ类水质标准,Pb浓度则劣于Ⅴ类水质标准;主要受地面交通活动和屋面材料的影响;在不同用地类型内Cu、Pb和Zn浓度的分布存在一定差异,商业区受重金属污染程度最为严重,其余3种用地类型均不同程度受到不同重金属的污染,对应的3种重金属的生态风险在不同用地类型内也显示相同规律;不同的重金属产生不同的环境行为,导致对水生生物的毒性差异较大,降雨径流中的重金属浓度在水环境中产生的有效生态风险程度为Pb > Cu > Zn.研究认为Cu、Zn和Pb对淡水生物的生态风险均达到高风险程度,而我国目前的《地表水环境质量标准》未充分考虑生态影响,低估了部分重金属的生态风险.  相似文献   

5.
分析了阳宗海柱状及表层沉积物中Al、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、Pb等金属元素的含量,结合沉积年代学,研究了沉积物重金属污染的时空变化和潜在生态风险特征.结果表明,表层沉积物中重金属含量具有一定的空间差异性,As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn在中东部湖区含量较高,而Cr、Co、Ni含量高值位于南、北湖区的近岸区域;柱状沉积物中,1990s之前As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn含量较为稳定,1990s中后期以来,其含量逐渐增加,并在2009-2010年前后达到最大值,此后逐渐下降;而柱状沉积物中Cr、Co、Ni含量变化趋势与Al、Fe相似,总体上由下向上逐渐降低,这主要与沉积物质地(粒度)逐渐变粗有关.重金属富集系数表明,阳宗海沉积物中主要污染元素为As、Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn,1990s中后期污染程度快速增加,2009-2010年前后达到峰值,此后污染程度逐渐降低;表层沉积物中Cu为未污染至"弱"污染水平;Zn、Pb为"弱-中等"污染水平,As为"中等-强"污染水平,Cd为"弱-强"污染水平,中东部湖区污染程度高于其他湖区,这可能与该湖区缺少入湖径流、自然碎屑物质沉积速率较低以及砷污染事件等人为源的重金属贡献影响更为显著有关.生态风险评价结果表明,在2002-2010年前后沉积物重金属达到"中等-强"潜在生态危害,主要贡献因子是Cd和As,近年来其生态风险等级逐渐降低;表层沉积物中重金属在中东部湖区具有"中等"程度潜在生态危害,而其他湖区表层沉积物重金属具有较低程度的潜在生态风险.  相似文献   

6.
为揭示冰封期氨氮(NH4+-N)在沉积物-水界面的迁移机制及内源性营养盐对全湖污染的贡献,于2018年2月初在乌梁素海湖区7个采样点采集了上覆水体与沉积物样品,得到了冰封期上覆水体与沉积物间隙水中的NH4+-N浓度,估算了沉积物-水界面NH4+-N的扩散通量.结果显示,上覆水体中NH4+-N浓度变化范围为0.55~1.60 mg/L,平均值为1.05 mg/L,0~5 cm表层沉积物间隙水中NH4+-N浓度是上覆水体中的10倍以上,其变化范围为6.64~18.63 mg/L,平均值为11.92 mg/L.估算沉积物间隙水NH4+-N向上覆水体的扩散通量为1.282~4.269 mg/(m2·d),表明在湖水冻结过程中,底泥沉积物接纳了大量的可溶性污染物成为内源污染源,会在冰封稳定期、融冰期和融冰后的一段时间内成为湖水的主要污染源.  相似文献   

7.
吴东浩  贾更华  吴浩云 《湖泊科学》2021,33(5):1364-1375
基于太湖31个站点的逐月监测数据,分析了2007-2019年太湖藻型湖区和草型湖区的叶绿素a变化特征,并分析研究不同环境因子对不同类型湖区叶绿素a的影响.结果表明,近年来太湖不同类型湖区的总磷浓度和叶绿素a浓度变化基本一致,均呈波动上升趋势.不同类型湖区的总磷浓度拐点均为2015年,叶绿素a浓度拐点均为2016年.最低月平均水温、前冬积温、年平均水温、年均风速与藻型湖区和草型湖区叶绿素a浓度均呈显著相关.沉水植物分布面积与草型湖区叶绿素a浓度之间呈显著相关.湖西区年内和年度降雨剧烈变化,湖西区年降雨量与不同类型湖区当年叶绿素a浓度的关系不明显,5日极端降雨量与不同类型湖区下年度叶绿素a浓度均呈显著正相关.太湖蓝藻水华强度在短期内可能仍会处于较高水平,迫切需要高度重视高温时段太湖蓝藻打捞处置工作,保障饮用水安全;同时,要进一步加强湖西区强降雨期间的非点源污染防控措施研究,推动入湖污染通量稳步降低,并探索东西山之间及东茭咀附近水域沉水植物生态修复技术,降低风浪扰动作用,尽快恢复相关重要水域的沉水植物.  相似文献   

8.
洞庭湖流域对湘江湖南段6个城市江段铜锈环棱螺(Bellamya aeruginosa)腹足和内脏团的As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr富集量进行分析,运用单因子污染指数法评价其受污染程度,并分别采用平均每周/每月摄入量法和目标危害系数法对其膳食风险进行评估,旨在为湘江流域居民铜锈环棱螺的消费安全提供参考.结果显示,铜锈环棱螺腹足As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn的富集量均值分别为0.92、1.65、0.90、13.01和67.62 mg/kg,Cr未检出,As、Cd、Pb和Cu的超标率分别为87.06%、27.06%、24.72%和2.35%.内脏团As、Cd、Pb、Cu、Zn和Cr的富集量均值分别为9.61、3.21、3.75、33.58、169.05和1.23 mg/kg,As、Cd、Pb、Cu和Cr超标率分别为100%、71.76%、65.88%、14.12%和75.8%.所有江段成人As、Cu和Zn的每周摄入量均值和最高值均低于FAO/WHO食品添加剂联合专家委员会(JECFA)提出的暂定每周耐受摄入量参考值(PTWI),但株洲成人Cd的每月摄入量均值超过其每月耐受摄入量参考值,且最大值是其参考值的3.44倍,永州、湘潭地区成人Cd的每月摄入量最大值也分别是其参考值的1.16和1.68倍.所有江段铜锈环棱螺摄入的单一重金属健康风险值除As外均小于1,但多种重金属复合暴露健康风险值均接近或大于1.结果表明,湘江湖南段6个城市江段铜锈环棱螺均受到一定程度的污染,其中衡阳、湘潭和株洲江段较为严重,且各江段铜锈环棱螺内脏团重金属富集量整体上均高于腹足,故当地居民长期食用后存在潜在的健康风险.  相似文献   

9.
通过模拟沙湖沉积物-水系统,以沙湖原水氟离子(F-)浓度为1倍浓度(0.69 mg/L),设置0.5倍浓度、1倍浓度、1倍浓度灭菌、2倍浓度和4倍浓度共5个实验组,探究不同上覆水F-浓度背景下沙湖沉积物中F-的迁移.结果表明,沉积物F-的释放量随上覆水F-浓度的增加而呈下降的趋势,其中2倍和4倍浓度组的沉积物由释放F-转变为吸附F-.碱性水体有利于沉积物F-的释放,即随着pH增大,F-释放量也会增加.微生物的Beta多样性层次聚类分析表明,F-会抑制PaenisporosarcinaThiobacillus的相对丰度,但对Fusibacter的生命活动具有促进作用.根据各浓度组间优势菌属相对丰度与环境因子的冗余分析可得,AcinetobacterThiobacillus相对丰度与pH呈负相关;Fusibacter相对丰度与F-浓度呈显著正相关,而Thiobacillus的相对丰度则与F-表现出弱负相关.通过对各浓度组中重要离子的分析发现,0.5倍组和4倍组中F-的迁移受Ca2+、HCO3-和SO42-浓度影响较大;相关性分析表明0.5倍浓度组的Ca2+、HCO3-浓度与F-浓度呈极显著正相关,而4倍组中F-浓度和Ca2+、HCO3-浓度呈负相关,SO42-浓度和F-浓度的相关性则是0.5倍组呈负相关,4倍组呈极显著正相关.本文在不同上覆水F-浓度背景下全面探究了沙湖沉积物中F-释放和迁移机理,为沙湖及其他含氟地表水的氟污染防治提供理论支持.  相似文献   

10.
刘成  黄蔚  古小治  张雷  陈开宁 《湖泊科学》2022,34(6):1980-1992
沉积物是湖泊水体重金属的主要汇集场所,也是湖泊重金属污染研究及整治的重点.本文分析了白洋淀多个淀区沉积物中16种重金属含量水平及垂向分布特征,解析了其中典型有害重金属潜在生态风险,并基于酸可挥发性硫(AVS)及同步可提取金属(SEM)、间隙水溶解态金属、可转化态金属形态分级等研究,对重金属生物可利用性进行了分析.结果表明:沉积物重金属含量均值高低依次为Fe (29630.50 mg/kg)>Ti (3213.07 mg/kg)>Mn (539.44 mg/kg)>Zn (104.01 mg/kg)>V (76.63 mg/kg)>Cr (52.60 mg/kg)>Cu (43.49 mg/kg)>Ni (35.83 mg/kg)>Pb (26.75 mg/kg)>Co (10.32 mg/kg)>As (8.96 mg/kg)>Mo (2.06 mg/kg)>Sb (1.57 mg/kg)>Tl (0.43 mg/kg)>Cd (0.31 mg/kg)>Hg (0.16 mg/kg);其中,10种重金属在各淀区沉积物中呈现出自北往南逐渐降低的趋势,各金属在不同淀区分布差异性主要由污染输入所致.除北部烧车淀区域外,其余区域重金属潜在生态风险总体处于较低水平.重金属污染主要来源于该区域周边河道,但近10年来污染输入及在沉积物中的富集总体趋于稳定并呈逐渐降低的趋势.入淀污染不仅增加了该区域沉积物中重金属总量,也使得其中可转化态重金属比例较高,大多在30%~90%之间,提升了重金属生物可利用潜力.水生植物等内生性有机质的大量富集导致沉积物还原性较强,AVS含量较高,沉积物中AVS和ΣSEM均值分别为(10.59±6.37)和(2.23±1.53)μmol/g (dw).Cd、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn等金属由于高含量还原态硫的固定而生物可利用性较低.然而,As和Hg在这样的高有机质和强还原环境下更容易溶解和释放,是潜在生物可利用性相对较高的金属,在间隙水中的浓度分别达到(17.07±0.23)和(2.39±0.94)μg/L,未来研究及整治中应给予更多关注.  相似文献   

11.
River water and sediment embody environmental characteristics that give valuable eco-environmental information.Due to rapid industrialization,the aquatic environment of any urban river can be seriously polluted by heavy metals(HMs).The global concern is caused by heavy metal pollution because of its potential harm to aquatic ecosystems and human health.In the Bhairab River,Bangladesh,surface sediment concentrations of globally alarming toxic metals such as arsenic(As),chromium(Cr),cadmium(Cd),an...  相似文献   

12.
Topsoil (0–20 cm) samples were collected from the edge of roads to the locations about 200 m off the roads along the four roads with different transportation periods in October 2005. Total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined using the inductively coupled plasma atomic absorption spectrometry in order to assess and compare road transportation pollution. Results showed that with the exception of As, Cu and Pb, the average concentrations of heavy metals were generally, higher than the regional elemental background values. Most soil samples were moderately or highly polluted by Cd or Ni, but the contamination index (P i ) values for As, Pb and Zn were lower than other heavy metals in all sites. Among the four roads, heavy metal pollution was heavier for Dali Road due to longer transportation periods, while low or no contamination could be observed for the other roads. However, the integrated contamination index (P c ) values showed a generally low contamination or no contamination level for all soil samples in this region, followed by the order of Dali Road > Dabao Highway > Road 320 > Sixiao Highway. The same pollution source of these heavy metals was found using factor analysis.  相似文献   

13.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2014,85(1-2):373-378
The surficial coastal sediments in Kendari Bay are sampled in the field to determine the concentration and pollution level of three heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cr). Twenty-five sampling points ranging from the inner (Wanggu River) to the outer area of the bay have been chosen. The physicochemical properties, such as temperature, pH, salinity and TDS of the overlying water, as well as the sediment type and TOC of the surficial sediments, are also measured. The total concentrations of the Pb, Cd and Cr in the sediment samples are quantified using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The concentrations of the heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Cr) ranged from 0.84 to 17.02 μg/g, 0.02 to 0.17 μg/g and 1.92 to 40.11 μg/g (dry weight), respectively, following the Cr > Pb > Cd sequence. To assess the degree of contamination, a geoaccumulation index (Igeo) is measured. Kendari Bay is not a contaminated area regarding Pb, Cd and Cr.  相似文献   

14.
In order to investigate the pollution levels, sources and ecological risks of arsenic (As) and heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and Cd) in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary, the surface sediment in areas of inshore coastal waters were sampled in October 2014 as the flow-sediment regulation project (FSRP) was implemented for 13 years. Results showed that the concentrations of As and heavy metals in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary were in the order of Zn?>?Cr?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Pb?>?As?>?Cd. Higher levels of As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb generally occurred in fine-grained sediments of the Yellow River estuary and the southeast region, which was consistent with the spatial distribution of clay. In contrast, higher concentrations of Cd were generally observed in northwest area of the Yellow River estuary and near the Qingshuigou estuary, which showed similarly spatial distribution with that of sand. The sediment quality guidelines (SQGS) and geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) indicated that the inshore sediments were polluted by Cu, Cd, As, Pb and Zn, and, among them, Cd pollution was more serious. Ecological risk indices (E r i ) demonstrated low risks for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and As, and high potential toxicity by Cd. The integrated ecological risk index implied that 6.8% of stations presented moderate risk, 4.5% of stations exhibited disastrous risk, and 88.7% of stations demonstrated considerable risk. Principal component analysis indicated that Ni, Cu, Zn, Pb and As might originate from common pollution sources, while Cr and Cd might share another similar sources. With the continuous implementation of FSRP, As and heavy metal levels in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary could be classified as stage I (2002–2010) and stage II (2010–2014). In the stage I, As, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb levels fluctuated but decreased significantly, whereas Cd concentrations showed little variation. In the stage II, As and heavy metal levels significantly increased although some little fluctuations occurred. The continuous accumulation of As and heavy metals (especially for Cd) in inshore sediments of the Yellow River estuary would occur again as the FSRP was implemented for 9 years (since 2010). The ecotoxicological risk of Cd, As, Ni and Cu in inshore sediments might be more serious since the accumulation of the four elements would be continuously occurred in future years. Next step, there will be long-term potential consequences for marine organism if effective measures are not taken to control the loadings of metal pollutants into estuary.  相似文献   

15.
Phytoremediation is an environmental remediation technique that takes advantage of plant physiology and metabolism. The unique property of heavy metal hyperaccumulation by the macrophyte Eleocharis acicularis is of great significance in the phytoremediation of water and sediments contaminated by heavy metals at mine sites. In this study, a field cultivation experiment was performed to examine the applicability of E. acicularis to the remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals. The highest concentrations of heavy metals in the shoots of E. acicularis were 20 200 mg Cu/kg, 14 200 mg Zn/kg, 1740 mg As/kg, 894 mg Pb/kg, and 239 mg Cd/kg. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb in the shoots correlate with their concentrations in the soil in a log‐linear fashion. The bioconcentration factor for these elements decreases log‐linearly with increasing concentration in the soil. The results indicate the ability of E. acicularis to hyperaccumulate Cu, Zn, As, and Cd under natural conditions, making it a good candidate species for the phytoremediation of water contaminated by heavy metals.  相似文献   

16.
水体生态环境中的微塑料与重金属污染问题正日益受到热切关注为探讨微塑料与重金属对水产品的复合生态效应,选择鄱阳湖饶河段优势淡水鱼为研究对象,对鱼体内微塑料及重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr等元素的生物累积作用进行分析与评价结果表明:调查区域水环境中微塑料的丰度范围10~64 items/L,平均值38.56 items/L. 8种淡水鱼消化道微塑料丰度范围为1.21~9.11 items/g,平均丰度为5.40 items/g;鳃部丰度范围0.61~5.00 items/g,平均丰度为2.87 items/g;微塑料类型主要有碎片类、纤维类、薄膜类和颗粒类4种,其聚合物成分主要为聚乙烯(PE)、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、聚丙烯(PP)和聚苯乙烯(PS);颜色以透明及彩色为主;微塑料粒径范围为0.01~9.5 mm,粒径0.5 mm的微塑料所占比例为79.07%,鱼体内与其生存水环境中微塑料的丰度特征(形态、粒径、颜色和聚合物类型组分比例)具有一定相似性各鱼类对微塑料的累积系数(BAF)平均值为178.29,不同鱼类累积微塑料的能力大小次序为:乌鳢(Channa argus)、黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)鲦鱼(Hemicculter leuciclus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、鲶鱼(Silurus asotus)鲤鱼(Cyprinus carpio)、刀鱼(Coilia ectenes)、鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)鱼体肌肉组织内重金属Cu、Cd、Pb、Zn、Cr的平均含量分别为4.27、0.13、0.28、11.73、0.53 mg/kg,均符合无公害水产品的要求且低于人体消费卫生标准,属于安全食用范围;鱼类对5种不同重金属的累积能力大小次序为ZnCuCdPbCr,不同鱼类对不同重金属的累积能力具有差异性通过扫描电镜(SEM)与能谱分析(EDS)检测到各类型微塑料表面均有上述5种重金属元素,证实微塑料可能成为重金属的附着载体,相关性分析表明微塑料与Cu呈极显著相关,与Cd、Pb均呈显著相关;微塑料的存在一定程度上会增强Cu、Cd与Pb的累积效应,并可能产生复合污染效应.  相似文献   

17.
于2005年11月采集了大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水和水生生物样品,并测定了水和水生生物样品中重金属(Cd、Pb、Hg、As)的含量,并对湖区生物体重金属进行了污染评价.研究结果表明,大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水中重金属含量较小,绝大部分采样点水质都属于国家Ⅰ类水标准;水生生物体内CD、Pb含量为虾>螺>鱼,Hg的含量为鱼>螺>虾,As的含量为螺>虾>鱼;而鱼类重金属含量则为底栖鱼类>中上层鱼类,肉食性鱼类>植食性鱼类.大通湖及东洞庭湖区生物体中CD、Pb的污染指数为虾>螺>鱼,Hg的污染指数则为鱼>螺>虾,As的污染指数则为螺>虾>鱼.  相似文献   

18.
南京花神湖3种沉水植物表面附着微生物群落特征   总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3  
沉水植物表面附着微生物系统是水生态的重要组成部分,然而当前对其了解仍不清楚.南京市花神湖是一个城市湖泊,沉水植物生长区域面积占湖面面积的40%左右.尽管花神湖的氮、磷营养盐水平很高,但最近未发生过藻类水华现象.本文以南京市花神湖中自然生长的优势种菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)为研究对象,利用扫描电镜和荧光显微镜观测了叶表面附着微生物群落的分布特征,测定了植物表面附着微生物的密度及附生藻类的种类、密度和优势种群,并比较分析了不同水生植物之间附生藻类的差异性.结果表明,沉水植物表面微生物群落的分布与物种和叶龄有关.3种沉水植物中,菹草表面微生物群落结构最为复杂,微生境最为丰富.底部老叶片上面附着较多的微生物且表现出较高的生物多样性.植物表面附着微生物密度大小顺序为:菹草金鱼藻伊乐藻;植物表面附生藻类密度大小顺序为:菹草金鱼藻伊乐藻.总体来讲,沉水植物表面微生物总量大概比藻类数量高1~2个数量级.这为深入研究沉水植物及其表面微生物的生态功能奠定了基础.  相似文献   

19.
The aim of this study was to assess the level of heavy metals (Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) contamination and enrichment in the surface sediments of the Seyhan River, which is the receiving water body of both treated and untreated municipal and industrial effluents as well as agricultural drainage waters generated within Adana, Turkey. Sediment and water samples were taken from six previously determined stations covering the downstream of the Seyhan dam during both wet and dry seasons and the samples were then analyzed for the heavy metals of concern. When both dry and wet seasons were considered, metal concentrations varied significantly within a broad range with Al, 7210–33 967 mg kg?1 dw; Cr, 46–122 mg kg?1 dw; Cu, 6–57 mg kg?1 dw; Fe, 10 294–26 556 mg kg?1 dw; Mn, 144–638 mg kg?1 dw; Ni, 82–215 mg kg?1 dw; Pb, 11–75 mg kg?1 dw; Zn, 34–146 mg kg?1 dw in the sediments while Cd was at non‐detectable levels for all stations. For both seasons combined, the enrichment factor (EF) and the geo‐accumulation index (Igeo) for the sediments in terms of the specified metals ranged from 0.56 to 10.36 and ?2.92 to 1.56, respectively, throughout the lower Seyhan River. The sediment quality guidelines (SQG) of US‐EPA suggested the sediments of the Seyhan River demonstrated “unpolluted to moderate pollution” of Cu, Pb, and Zn, “moderate to very strong pollution” of Cr and Ni. The water quality data, on the other hand, indicated very low levels of these metals suggesting that the metal content in the surface sediments were most probably originating from fine sediments transported along the river route instead of water/wastewater discharges with high metal content.  相似文献   

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