共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
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现有的在地震应急中人口空间化数据因制作方法、数据来源不同，导致人口空间化产品存在较大差异，人口空间分布数据无法满足震后地震应急期间数据需求。以云南省盈江县为研究区，基于第七次全国人口普查盈江县数据、第一次自然灾害风险普查数据和夜间灯光遥感影像数据，利用空间叠加法计算人口分布权重，结合面积权重得到盈江县100 m×100 m格网的人口空间化结果。经精度评定，研究区所有乡镇人口空间化相对误差绝对值均小于0.6%,与2020年乡镇街道人口统计数据的相关系数R2接近1。结果表明，结合乡镇尺度人口统计、夜间灯光影像和重点隐患调查等数据所构建的人口空间化模型，所获100 m×100 m格网的人口密度数据精度得到了显著提高。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2020,(4)
为提高震后受灾人口估算精度和灾区人口空间分布可视化表达效果,以云南省大理州为研究区,结合FROM-GLC10地表覆盖数据和NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据,基于乡镇人口统计数据,展开人口空间化方法研究,制作了大理州50 m×50 m人口格网数据。使用相关系数、相对误差和平均相对误差对人口模拟结果进行了检验,以漾濞5.1级地震和云龙5.0级地震为例对模拟结果进行了应用分析。结果表明:①结合FROM-GLC10地表覆盖数据和NPP/VIIRS夜间灯光数据的人口空间化可以有效提取人口空间分布范围,并区分人口空间分布的差异性;②乡镇模拟人口与实际统计人口的相关系数R~2为0.955,平均相对误差为14.306%,82%的乡镇相对误差在±20%以内,人口模拟数据精度较高;③2次地震的灾区人口模拟数据与实际统计数据的相对误差分别为-1.67%和-2.27%,人口空间分布模拟结果可以直观反映灾区人口分布情况,研究成果可为震后辅助决策提供数据支持。 相似文献
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地震发生后，人口空间分布密度是决定救援力量部署的重要依据。然而，高精度人口空间分布数据存在获取和更新困难的问题，缺少有效的解决途径。以银川市西夏区为例，基于高空间分辨率遥感影像，通过建筑物解译与实地调查相结合的方式获取住宅建筑物信息，建立人口与住宅建筑物之间的关系模型，得到更客观真实的人口空间分布情况。研究结果表明，以高空间分辨率遥感影像解译住宅建筑物作为人口空间分布指示因子建模，得到的总体预测人口误差率为3.56%，人口平均相对误差率为9.19%，研究结果具有较高的可靠性，为震前灾害风险评估和震后灾情快速评估提供可靠的人口空间分布数据。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2021,44(2)
针对已有的人口空间化研究多采用静态数据、时空分辨率较低、在应急救援等方面实用性不高的问题,提出了一种使用高时空分辨率数据,结合城市圈层结构理论和主成分分析法的建筑物尺度人口估算方法。以成都市为例,利用腾讯位置大数据,通过计算不同城市圈层的定位率,得到了成都市不同时段1 km×1 km的人口分布数据。在此基础上,以基于建筑物中心点的泰森多边形为人口分配基本单元,结合宜出行热力数据和POI数据,分别计算其对人口分布的贡献值并赋予计算权值,得到了成都市青羊区建筑物尺度人口分布数据。街道尺度统计数据回归分析的决定系数R~2为0.926 4,总体精度较高,模拟人口分布符合实际情况。 相似文献
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文章以四川省凉山州冕宁县SPOT5遥感影像数据为应用分析对象,主要利用SPOT5 10m的多光谱数据和2.5m全色数据,针对土地利用遥感影像分类中的影像预处理、影像融合、影像判读方法和土地利用现状信息如何更新等问题开展应用、分析、研究,以期获得适合利用SPOT5卫星影像数据来开展山区各种比例尺土地利用调查的技术方法。 相似文献
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地震发生后利用已有的基础地理数据和评估模型快速准确地获得埋压人员空间分布，是地震应急救援的科学问题之一。以云南鲁甸6.5级地震为例，基于高精度公里格网人口数据，分析震区的具体特征和多种可能造成人员埋压的影响因素，并引入次生灾害埋压参数对原模型内容进行补充和改进，对现有的地震埋压人员评估模型进行优化。研究结果表明：改进后的评估模型能够快速给出地震后人员埋压空间分布，其计算结果精度较前人模型有较大提高，且考虑了次生灾害造成的埋压，能够有效增强评估模型的适用性，提升人员埋压评估精度，为地震应急指挥和应急救援提供科技支撑。 相似文献
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天津市面向震害快速评估的房屋和人口空间化研究* 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以天津市的大比例尺房屋空间数据和第六次人口普查数据为基础,利用GIS空间分析功能,模拟了天津市房屋和人口空间分布,产出1km格网的房屋数据和分时段人口公里格网数据。经检验,模拟的房屋和人口数据达到了较高精度,能够较准确地表达行政单元内部的房屋和人口空间分布。将模拟结果应用到设定地震震害评估中,与基于平均密度法的评估结果对比,表明基于公里格网评估的结果更为合理,减少了由于房屋和人口分布不均匀造成的误差,能够为地震应急工作提供可靠的数据支撑。 相似文献
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This paper analyses the effect of spatial resolution and distribution of model input data on the results of regional-scale land use scenarios using three different hydrological catchment models. A 25 m resolution data set of a mesoscale catchment and three land use scenarios are used. Data are systematically aggregated to resolutions up to 2 km. Land use scenarios are spatially redistributed, both randomly and topography based. Using these data, water fluxes are calculated on a daily time step for a 16 year time period without further calibration. Simulation results are used to identify grid size, distribution and model dependent scenario effects. In the case of data aggregation, all applied models react sensitively to grid size. WASIM and TOPLATS simulate constant water balances for grid sizes from 50 m to 300–500 m, SWAT is more sensitive to input data aggregation, simulating constant water balances between 50 m and 200 m grid size. The calculation of scenario effects is less robust to data aggregation. The maximum acceptable grid size reduces to 200–300 m for TOPLATS and WASIM. In case of spatial distribution, SWAT and TOPLATS are slightly sensitive to a redistribution of land use (below 1.5% for water balance terms), whereas WASIM shows almost no reaction. Because the aggregation effects were stronger than the redistribution effects, it is concluded that spatial discretisation is more important than spatial distribution. As the aggregation effect was mainly associated with a change in land use fraction, it is concluded that accuracy of data sets is much more important than a high spatial resolution. 相似文献
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京津冀地区1679年曾发生三河－平谷8.0级大地震,造成了严重的人员伤亡,严重影响当时的社会经济。本文对三河－平谷8.0级地震进行原地再现,分析所造成的人员伤亡。首先,基于最新的建筑物竣工面积统计资料更新建筑物公里网格数据,基于普查数据对人口公里网格进行了更新,并采用热力图对人口的时空流动进行了预测,得到了符合当地特征的承灾体的数量和分布。在此基础上,采用分区分类地震易损性模型和人员伤亡评估模型,对京津冀地区遭受三河－平谷8.0级设定地震的人员伤亡进行了分析。分析结果表明:京津冀地区现今的人口数量相对于1679年成百倍增加,但人员伤亡率大幅降低 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海玛多MS 7.4地震表现为灾情重、伤亡轻的特点,采用极震区烈度估计、烈度衰减关系、人员伤亡评估3种烈度衰减模型进行灾害损失快速评估,与地震现场调查结果进行对比,可知对于此次玛多MS 7.4地震,3种模型评估与地震现场调查结果存在偏差,认为主要由地震影响场分布、人口分布、房屋建筑（抗震能力）、地形地貌、次生灾害等因素不同所致。结果显示,通过提高地震影响场评估的精准性及人口分布、房屋建筑等数据空间分布的准确性和后期专家干预等措施,均可有效提升地震灾害损失快速评估精准性。 相似文献
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简要介绍陕西省地震编目工作的发展历史,并通过地震编目分析1970年以来陕西省地震的分布情况.结果显示,省内地震主要分布在陕西关中及陕南地区;随着煤矿的开采,近几年陕北地区矿震数量呈现增加陕西态势. 相似文献
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A GIS-BASED DISTRIBUTED SOIL EROSION MODEL： A CASE STUDY OF TYPICAL WATERSHED, SICHUAN BASIN 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Zaijian YUAN Qiangguo CAI Yingmin CHU 《国际泥沙研究》2007,22(2):120-130
Based on the measuring data and Digital Elevation Data (DEM) in a typical watershed--Hemingguan Watershed, Nanbu County, Sichuan Province of China, a GIS-based distributed soil erosion model was developed particularly for the purple soil type. It takes 20 m × 20 m grid as calculating unit and operates at 10-minute time interval. The required input data to the model include DEM, soil, land use, and time-series of precipitation and evaporation loss. The model enables one to estimate runoff, erosion and sediment yield for each grid cell and route the flow along its flow path to the watershed outlet. Furthermore, the model is capable of calculating the total runoff; erosion and sediment yield for the entire watershed by recursion algorithm. The validation of the model demonstrated that it could quantitatively simulate the spatial distribution of hydrological variables in a watershed, such as runoff, vegetation entrapment, soil erosion, the degree of soil and water loss. Moreover, it can evaluate the effect of land use change on the runoff generation and soil erosion with an accuracy of 80% and 75% respectively. The application of this model to a neighboring watershed with similar conditions indicates that this distributed model could be extended to other similar regions in China. 相似文献
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Comprehensive snow depth data, collected using georadar and hand probing, were used for statistical analyses of snow depths inside 1 km grid cells. The sub‐grid cell spatial scale was 100 m. Statistical distribution functions were found to have varying parameters, and an attempt was made to connect these statistical parameters to different terrain variables. The results showed that the two parameters mean and standard deviation of snow depth were significantly related to the sub‐grid terrain characteristics. Linear regression models could explain up to 50% of the variation for both of the snowcover parameters mentioned. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Heilongjiang Province is a major grain production base in China, and its agricultural development plays an important role in China’s social economy. Drought and flood events are the primary disasters in Heilongjiang Province and have considerable impacts on agriculture. In this study, relatively complete monthly precipitation data from 26 meteorological stations in Heilongjiang Province during the period of 1958–2013 were analyzed using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) combined with principal component analysis, Mann–Kendall trend analysis and Morlet wavelet analysis to determine the spatial and temporal distributions of drought and flood events in this province. The results were as follows: (1) the whole of Heilongjiang exhibited an aridity trend. In northern Heilongjiang, spring and summer experienced a wetting trend, and autumn and winter experienced an aridity trend. (2) The SPI3 exhibited 8- and 16-year periodic variation characteristics in spring, 10- and 22-year periodic variation characteristics in summer, and 10- and 32-year periodic variation characteristics in autumn. In addition to the 10-year periodic variation characteristics in winter, other periodic variation characteristics were observed. (3) The increasing trend in the percentage of stations affected by flood was more obvious than that affected by drought. Therefore, Heilongjiang Province is more vulnerable to flooding. (4) The influence of drought and flood disasters in Heilongjiang Province showed a growth trend, but the flood effect was more remarkable. (5) The agricultural area affected by drought and flood disasters in Heilongjiang Province showed an increasing trend. Although there was a greater increase in flood disaster area, the main types of disasters were drought-dominated. 相似文献