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1.
Structural damage assessment under external loading, such as earthquake excitation, is an important issue in structural safety evaluation. In this regard, appropriate data analysis and feature extraction techniques are required to interpret the measured data and to identify the state of the structure and, if possible, to detect the damage. In this study, the recursive subspace identification with Bona‐fide LQ renewing algorithm (RSI‐BonaFide‐Oblique) incorporated with moving window technique is utilized to identify modal parameters such as natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes at each instant of time during the strong earthquake excitation. From which the least square stiffness method (LSSM) combined with the model updating technique, called efficient model correction method (EMCM), is used to estimate the first‐stage system stiffness matrix using the simplified model from the previously identified modal parameters (nominal model). In the second stage, 2 different damage assessment algorithms related to the nominal system stiffness matrix were derived. First, the model updating technique, called EMCM, is applied to correct the nominal model by the newly identified modal parameters during the strong motion. Second, the element damage index can be calculated using element damage index method (EDIM) to quantify the damage extent in each element. Verification of the proposed methods through the shaking table test data of 2 different types of structures and a building earthquake response data is demonstrated to specify its corresponding damage location, the time of occurrence during the excitation, and the percentage of stiffness reduction.  相似文献   

2.
Tracking modal parameters and estimating the current structural state of a building from seismic response measurements, particularly during strong earthquake excitations, can provide useful information for building safety assessment and the adaptive control of a structure. Therefore, online or recursive identification techniques need to be developed and implemented for building seismic response monitoring. This paper develops and examines different methods to track modal parameters from building seismic response data. The methods include recursive data‐driven subspace identification (RSI‐DATA) using Givens rotation algorithm, and RSI‐DATA using Bona fide algorithm. The question on how well the results of RSI‐DATA reflect the real condition is investigated and verified with a bilinear SDOF simulation study. Time‐varying modal parameters of a four‐story reinforced concrete school building are identified based on a series of earthquake excitations, including several seismic events, large and small. Discussions on the different methods' ability to track the time‐varying modal parameters are presented. The variation of the identified building modal frequencies and damping ratios from a series of event‐by‐event seismic responses, particularly before and after retrofitting of the building is also discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

3.
The objective of this paper is to develop an online system parameter estimation technique from the response measurements through using the recursive covariance‐driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI‐COV) approach. In developing the recursive SSI‐COV, to avoid time‐consumption of singular value decomposition in recursive SSI, the extended instrumental variable version of the projection approximation subspace tracking method is used in SSI‐COV. Besides, to reduce the effect of noise on the results of identification, the preprocessing of data using recursive singular spectrum analysis technique is also presented to remove the noise contaminant measurements to enhance the stability of data analysis. On the basis of the proposed method, both the ambient vibration and seismic response data of a tower (Canton Tower) are used to observe the time‐varying system natural frequencies of a tower from its operating condition. Results from using off‐line SSI‐COV method under normal operating condition are also presented. Comparison on the identified time‐varying dynamic characteristics of the tower under normal operating condition and earthquake response of distanced earthquake event is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

4.
Strong-motion accelerograms obtained on the San Juan Bautista 156/101 Separation Bridge during the 6 August 1979 Coyote Lake, California, earthquake are used to examine the response of this multiple-span bridge to moderate levels of earthquake loading. Although the bridge was not damaged, the records are of significant engineering interest as they are the first to be recorded on a highway bridge structure in North America. A technique of system identification is used to determine optimal modal parameters for linear models which can closely replicate the observed time-domain seismic response of the bridge. Time variations in frequency and damping in the horizontal response are identified using a moving-window analysis. A three-dimensional finite element model is developed to study the bridge response in detail. The first two horizontal modal frequencies computed from this model are in excellent agreement with information obtained during the system identification analysis provided the finite element model's expansion joints are locked, preventing relative translational motions from occurring across the joints. Locking is confirmed by the observed seismic deformations of the structure in the fundamental mode. Fundamental vertical frequencies of the individual spans, predicted by the finite element model, are in very good agreement with ambient vibration test data.  相似文献   

5.
Vibration-based structural identification is an essential technique for assessing structural conditions by inferring information from the dynamic characteristics of structures. However, the robustness of such techniques in monitoring the progressive damage of real structures has been validated with only a handful of research efforts, largely due to the paucity of monitoring data recorded from damaged structures. In a recent experimental program, a mid-rise cold-formed steel building was constructed at full scale atop a large shake table and subsequently subjected to a unique multi-hazard scenario including earthquake, post-earthquake fire, and finally post-fire earthquake loading. Complementing the simulated hazard events, low-amplitude vibration tests, including ambient vibrations and white noise base excitation tests, were conducted throughout the construction and the test phases. Using the vibration data collected during the multi-hazard test program, this paper focuses on understanding the modal characteristics of the cold-formed steel building in correlation with the construction and the structural damage progressively induced by the simulated hazard events. The modal parameters of the building (i.e., natural frequencies, damping ratios, and mode shapes) are estimated using two input–output and two output-only time-domain system identification techniques. Agreement between the evolution of modal parameters and the observations of the progression of physical damage demonstrates the effectiveness of the vibration-based system identification techniques for structural condition monitoring and damage assessment.  相似文献   

6.
Damage assessment of a structure involves acquiring and identifying dynamic characteristics of the structure and using these characteristics to evaluate behavior and performance. In this study, an unsymmetrical three‐story steel structure (fabricated with one weak column in the first floor) was tested on shaking table and subjected to a series of earthquake excitations with increasing level of excitation back to back. Besides, white noise excitation was also applied in between the earthquake excitation to serve as the reference state. Both the traditional sensing system (accelerometer and linear variable differential transformer) and the local optical tracker system were implemented in the structure to collect the vibration‐based responses. For operational modal analysis, structural response from white noise excitation will be used in this study. First, the traditional system identification using global response data is used (multivariate autoregressive (AR)‐model) to extract system natural frequencies and mode shapes from all different set of white noise responses after earthquake excitation. The migration of AR‐coefficient ellipse error from each sensor response was used to identify the damage location. Second, blind source separation technique was used to identify the modal contribution of the structure from each test, which provide information to detect the damage severity. Finally, from the local optical tracker array data, the principal component analysis was applied to quantify the earthquake‐induce local stress of the structural member. Combine the result from damage detection using global measurement and the identified local element stress, one can locate and quantify the damage. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

7.
Analysis and comparison of the dynamic responses of three well instrumented (with accelerographs) high-rise buildings shaken during the 1984 Morgan Hill earthquake are presented. The buildings examined in the present work are (i) the Town Park Towers Apartment building, a 10-storey, concrete shear wall building; (ii) the Great Western Savings and Loan building, a 10-storey building with concrete frames and shear walls; and (iii) the Santa Clara County Office building, a 13-storey, moment-resistant steel frame building. The structures are located within 2 km of each other and, as may be confirmed by visual inspection of the recorded seismograms, experienced similar ground motions. One-dimensional and three-dimensional linear structural models are fitted to the observations using the modal minimization method' for structural identification, in order to determine optimal estimates of the parameters of the dominant modes of the buildings. The time-varying character of these parameters over the duration of the response is also investigated. Comparison of the recorded earthquake response of the structures reveals that the type of lateral-load-resisting system has an important effect on the dynamic behaviour of the structures because it controls the spacing of the characteristic modes on the frequency axis. The Santa Clara County Office building has closely spaced natural frequencies and exhibits strong torsional response and modal coupling. Its dynamic behaviour is contrasted with that of the Great Western Savings and Loan building which has well separated natural frequencies and exhibits small torsional response and no modal coupling. Strong modal coupling causes a beating-type phenomenon and makes earthquake response of structures different from that envisioned by codes.  相似文献   

8.
Output-only structural identification is developed by a refined Frequency Domain Decomposition(rFDD) approach, towards assessing current modal properties of heavy-damped buildings(in terms of identification challenge), under strong ground motions. Structural responses from earthquake excitations are taken as input signals for the identification algorithm. A new dedicated computational procedure, based on coupled Chebyshev Type Ⅱ bandpass filters, is outlined for the effective estimation of natural frequencies, mode shapes and modal damping ratios. The identification technique is also coupled with a Gabor Wavelet Transform, resulting in an effective and self-contained time-frequency analysis framework. Simulated response signals generated by shear-type frames(with variable structural features) are used as a necessary validation condition. In this context use is made of a complete set of seismic records taken from the FEMA P695 database, i.e. all 44 "Far-Field"(22 NS, 22 WE) earthquake signals. The modal estimates are statistically compared to their target values, proving the accuracy of the developed algorithm in providing prompt and accurate estimates of all current strong ground motion modal parameters. At this stage, such analysis tool may be employed for convenient application in the realm of Earthquake Engineering, towards potential Structural Health Monitoring and damage detection purposes.  相似文献   

9.
由于受地理环境和采集成本等因素的影响,采集到的天然地震数据往往呈现不规则和不完整分布,将直接影响到后续的天然地震数据处理效果,因此需要对缺失数据进行重建.本文将一种基于降秩补全理论的正交秩-1矩阵追踪算法(Orthogonal Rank-One Matrix Pursuit,OR1MP)应用于加州San Jacinto断层带的天然地震数据重建.首先将空间数据的每个频率切片进行Hankel预变换,获取具有低秩结构特征的预变换矩阵,缺失地震道和随机噪声会增加数据预变换矩阵的秩,然后运用OR1MP算法进行降秩处理,最后做反Hankel变换,得到频域上的重建数据.OR1MP算法对2D和3D的加州San Jacinto断层带的天然地震数据实验结果表明,OR1MP算法能够有效地增加地震体的峰值信噪比,能较好地实现对天然地震信号的重建.  相似文献   

10.
To identify the model structure parameters in shaking table tests from seismic response, especially from timevarying response records, this paper presents a new methodology by combining the online recursive Adaptive Forgetting through Multiple Models(AFMM) and offline Auto-Regression with eXogenous variables(ARX) model. First, the AFMM is employed to detect whether the response of model structure is time-invariant or time-varying when subjected to strong motions. Second, if the response is time-invariant, the modal parameters are identifi ed from the entire response record, such as the acceleration time-history using the ARX model. If the response is time-varying, the acceleration record is divided into three segments according to the accurate time-varying points detected by AFMM, and parameters are identifi ed by only using the tail segment data, which is time-invariant and suited for analysis by the ARX model. Finally, the changes in dynamic properties due to various strong motions are obtained using the presented methodology. The feasibility and advantages of the method are demonstrated by identifying the modal parameters of a 12-story reinforced concrete(RC) frame structure in a shaking table test.  相似文献   

11.
This paper addresses the issue of structural system identification using earthquake‐induced structural response. The proposed methodology is based on the subspace identification algorithm to perform identification of structural dynamic characteristics using input–output seismic response data. Incorporated with subspace identification algorithm, a scheme to remove spurious modes is also used to identify real system poles. The efficiency of the proposed method is shown by the analysis of all measurement data from all measurement directly. The recorded seismic response data of three structures (one 7‐story RC building, one midisolation building, and one isolated bridge), under Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program, are analyzed during the past 15 years. The results present the variation of the identified fundamental modal frequencies and damping ratios from all the recorded seismic events that these three structures had encountered during their service life. Seismic assessment of the structures from the identified system dynamic characteristics during the period of their service is discussed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

12.
The work deals with the identification of modal parameters of a structure from earthquake records when the input ground motion is unknown. This may occur, for example, owing to instrumental malfunctions. The procedure is based on the assumption that at least two responses are available and consists of two main steps. In the first one, modal frequencies are estimated by searching relative minima of a function that involves the ratio of the Fourier amplitudes of the two records, while the second phase is devoted to the identification of other modal quantities (i.e. effective participation factors and modal dampings). Once the identification process has been completed, an estimate of the unknown base input may be performed by means of the IFFT algorithm. The proposed approach has been checked against both finite element simulations of simple structures and field measurements on real buildings.  相似文献   

13.
This paper explores the potential of a new time domain identification procedure to detect changes in structural dynamic characteristics on the basis of measurements. This procedure is verified using mathematical models simulated on the computer. The experiments involve two eight-storey steel structures with and without energy devices, and a 47-storey building at San Francisco during the Loma Prieta earthquake. The recursive instrumental variable method and extended Kalman filter algorithm are used as identification algorithms. An exploratory investigation is made of the usefulness of various indices, such as mode shape and storey drift, that can be extracted accurately from identification to quantify changes in the characteristics of the physical system. It is concluded that the change of storey drift is the key information to the detection of changes in structural parameters, from which the proposed system identification algorithm can be applied with an appropriate inelastic model to simulate the dynamic behaviour of real structures undergoing strong ground motion excitations.  相似文献   

14.
The problem of determining linear models of structures from seismic response data is investigated using ideas from the theory of system identification. The approach is to determine the optimal estimates of the model parameters by minimizing a selected measure-of-fit between the responses of the structure and the model. Because earthquake records are normally available from only a small number of locations in a structure, and because of noise in the records, it is necessary in practice to estimate parameters of the dominant modes in the records, rather than the stiffness and damping matrices of the linear model. A new algorithm is developed to determine the optimal estimates of the modal parameters. After tests with simulated data, the method is applied to a multi-storey building using records from the 1971 San Fernando earthquake in California. New information is obtained concerning the properties of the lower modes of the building and the time-varying character of the equivalent linear parameters.  相似文献   

15.
This paper verifies the feasibility of the proposed system identification methods by utilizing shaking table tests of a full‐scale four‐story steel building at E‐Defense in Japan. The natural frequencies, damping ratios and modal shapes are evaluated by single‐input‐four‐output ARX models. These modal parameters are prepared to identify the mass, damping and stiffness matrices when the objective structure is modelled as a four degrees of freedom (4DOF) linear shear building in each horizontal direction. The nonlinearity in stiffness is expressed as a Bouc–Wen hysteretic system when it is modelled as a 4DOF nonlinear shear building. The identified hysteretic curves of all stories are compared to the corresponding experimental results. The simple damage detection is implemented using single‐input‐single‐output ARX models, which require only two measurements in each horizontal direction. The modal parameters are equivalent‐linearly evaluated by the recursive Least Squares Method with a forgetting factor. When the structure is damaged, its natural frequencies decrease, and the corresponding damping ratios increase. The fluctuation of the identified modal properties is the indirect information for damage detection of the structure. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

16.
Output‐only system identification is developed here towards assessing current modal dynamic properties of buildings under seismic excitation. Earthquake‐induced structural response signals are adopted as input channels for two different Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) techniques, namely, a refined Frequency Domain Decomposition (rFDD) algorithm and an improved Data‐Driven Stochastic Subspace Identification (SSI‐DATA) procedure. Despite that short‐duration, non‐stationary, earthquake‐induced structural response signals shall not fulfil traditional OMA assumptions, these implementations are specifically formulated to operate with seismic responses and simultaneous heavy damping (in terms of identification challenge), for a consistent estimation of natural frequencies, mode shapes, and modal damping ratios. A linear ten‐storey frame structure under a set of ten selected earthquake base‐excitation instances is numerically simulated, by comparing the results from the two identification methods. According to this study, best up‐to‐date, reinterpreted OMA techniques may effectively be used to characterize the current dynamic behaviour of buildings, thus allowing for potential Structural Health Monitoring approaches in the Earthquake Engineering range.  相似文献   

17.
随机子空间识别方法计算效率的改进   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
参数识别是结构健康监测领域研究中的重点。随机子空间法是近年来发展起来的一种线性系统辩识方法,可以有效地从环境激励的结构响应中获取模态参数。该方法的基本原理是将“将来”数据向“过去”数据进行垂直投影,进而根据该投影计算出可观测矩阵和一个Kalman滤波状态序列。而Kalman滤波序列是“过去”输出信号的线性组合,即“过去”输出和“将来”状态估计建立了关系。而从Hankel矩阵的组成来看,由于要使得该矩阵具有单无限的条件,所需的计算时间也比较长。据此对随机子空间方法进行了改进。改进的基本思想是采用一个测点的信号作为“过去”作为输出信号代替全部测点的信号。这样就减少了计算量。最后用一数值模拟算例进行了验证,结果良好。  相似文献   

18.
Accurate prediction of the dynamic responses of a high-rise building subjected to dynamic loads such as earthquake and wind excitations requires the information of its structural dynamic properties such as modal parameters including natural frequencies and damping ratios. This paper presents the identification results of the modal parameters based on field vibration tests on a 600-m high skyscraper. A set of tests, including ambient vibration test (AVT) and free vibration test (FVT), were conducted on the skyscraper to identify its modal parameters. Firstly, this paper presents and discusses the modal parameters of the skyscraper assessed by several identification methods applied to the AVT measurements. These methods include the wavelet transform (WT) method, the stochastic subspace identification (SSI) method, and the random decrement technique (RDT). Secondly, an active mass damper (AMD) system with total mass 1000 tons equipped into the skyscraper was used to excite the building for estimation of the modal parameters by FVT. Thirdly, this paper presents observations on the structural dynamic behavior of the skyscraper with the operation of the AMD system during a typhoon event. The field measurement results show that the AMD system functioned efficiently for suppression of the wind-induced vibrations of the skyscraper during the typhoon. This paper aims to further understand the structural dynamic properties of super-tall buildings and provide useful information for structural design and vibration control of future skyscrapers.  相似文献   

19.
This paper investigates the damage assessment of a three‐story half‐scale precast concrete building resembling a parking garage through structural identification. The structure was tested under earthquake‐type loading on the NEES large high‐performance outdoor shake table at the University of California San Diego in 2008. The tests provide a unique opportunity to capture the dynamic performance of precast concrete structures built under realistic boundary conditions. The effective modal parameters of the structure at different damage states have been identified from white‐noise and scaled earthquake test data with the assumption that the structure responded in a quasi‐linear manner. Modal identification has been performed using the deterministic‐stochastic subspace identification method based on the measured input–output data. The changes in the identified modal parameters are correlated to the observed damage. In general, the natural frequencies decrease, and the damping ratios increase as the structure is exposed to larger base excitations, indicating loss of stiffness, development/propagation of cracks, and failure in joint connections. The analysis of the modal rotations and curvatures allowed the localization of shear and flexural damages respectively and the checking of the effectiveness of repair actions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
This paper presents an efficient procedure to determine the natural frequencies, modal damping ratios and mode shapes for torsionally coupled shear buildings using earthquake response records. It is shown that the responses recorded at the top and first floor levels are sufficient to identify the dominant modal properties of a multistoried torsionally coupled shear building with uniform mass and constant eccentricity even when the input excitation is not known. The procedure applies eigenrealization algorithm to generate the state‐space model of the structure using the cross‐correlations among the measured responses. The dynamic characteristics of the structure are determined from the state‐space realization matrices. Since the mode shapes are obtained only at the instrumented floor (top and first floors) levels, a new mode shape interpolation technique has been proposed to estimate the mode shape coefficients at the remaining floor levels. The application of the procedure has been demonstrated through a numerical experiment on an eight‐storied torsionally coupled shear building subjected to earthquake base excitation. The results show that the proposed parameter identification technique is capable of identifying dominant modal parameters and responses even with significant noise contamination of the response records. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

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