共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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利用二维非均匀介质地震波传播的伪谱和有限差分混合方法,通过数值计算,讨论了松软覆盖层对隐伏断层带围陷波特征的影响.在没有覆盖层的情况下,围陷波振幅和围岩上相比明显增加,持续时间变长.覆盖层造成围岩上地面运动振幅增大,围陷波的部分能量传播到覆盖层中,使得围陷波的能量变小.随着覆盖层厚度增加,围陷波的振幅越来越小,和围岩上... 相似文献
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利用MAC/SINE试验期间Chaff火箭在67~96 km高度范围测量的25 m高分辨率经向和纬向速度数据, 研究经向和纬向速度扰动谱特性. 分析结果显示平均垂直波数谱在波数k = 0.001 m-1附近有一分岔点. 在小于这个分岔点的波数区, 经向速度谱和纬向速度谱有接近相同的谱斜率、谱振幅和特征垂直波长, 并且与线性饱和谱模式相当一致. 然而, 在大于这个分岔点的波数区, 经向和纬向速度扰动谱不但谱斜率和谱振幅不一样, 而且它们的谱结构也不相同. 这些差异提供了平均意义上速度扰动场在大波数区各向异性的观测证据. 相似文献
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基于四川石棉县安顺场隐伏断层穿越区的60余次环境噪声测试,探讨了隐伏断层对环境噪声H/V谱比特征的影响,并且通过研究区所获卓越频率对其覆盖层厚度进行估算,以覆盖层厚度的变化揭示了隐伏断层的行迹。结果显示:① 在排除可能受河流影响引发的高频区后,隐伏断层带处的H/V谱比曲线多呈现高频、低放大系数和多峰值频率等特点;② 覆盖层厚度在部分强风化区和河流高频区存在5—10 m的差异;③ 环境噪声阵列反演所得部分覆盖层厚度变化较大区域与隐伏断层的形迹吻合。 相似文献
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塔河油田奥陶系灰岩溶洞反射特征表现为"串珠状"强振幅短同相轴反射结构,但该串珠状反射的地震属性在空间展布的视体积与其对应的实际体积差异很大,因此,需要确定地震波振幅分辨塔河油田溶洞最小高度.本文在分析塔河油田钻遇储层段储层厚度特征的基础上,分别导出洞穴内一次反射渡和含一次多次波的时域反射脉冲响应的振幅谱关于洞穴高度的解析表达式,进而对不同洞穴高度、不同类型的充填物时洞穴反射振幅谱特征以及相位关于频率的变化率的变化特征进行分析,结果表明,谱出现极大值相应的洞穴高度在相位关于频率变化率曲线上对应的洞穴高度处也出现极大,可以利用相位关于频率的变化率来检测溶洞内是否有充填物. 相似文献
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本文采用喜马拉雅科学探测台阵四川省境内10个台站,计算了所有地震信号0.5—15 Hz的H/V谱比,分析了震级、震源距对H/V谱比的影响,并与各台站场地地脉动H/V谱比进行了比较. 结果表明: 震级对各台站地震信号的H/V谱比振幅值以及峰值频率几乎没有影响;震源距对谱峰明显的H/V谱比曲线的谱形和峰值频率影响不大,但对谱峰不明显的H/V谱比曲线的峰值频率有一定影响;H/V谱峰明显的台站,地震信号与地脉动信号的H/V谱比曲线的峰值频率具有很高的一致性,H/V谱峰不明显的台站,二者的峰值频率有一定差异. 相似文献
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利用北京市观象台2002年1～12月气球无线电探空观测的垂直高度分辨率为50m的温度观测数据,研究1．67—8．02和13．57～19．92km高度区间归一化温度扰动垂直波数谱,并将它们和线性饱和模式比较．结果表明,单个垂直波数谱的谱斜率和谱振幅存在相当大变率,这和线性饱和理论的预期不一致．然而,在对流层的不同季节和不同地方时观测的平均垂直波数谱显示了很好的类似,即谱斜率非常接近于理论值-3．0,谱振幅和浮力频率的4次方成比例关系,认为对流层季平均谱很好地遵循线性饱和模式,并且在目前是唯一的．相反,在下平流层,平均垂直波数谱的谱斜率与理论值有较好的一致,但观测谱的谱振幅却明显偏离了线性饱和模式的理论预期值．这些观测的平均谱在目前也是唯一的．从对流层和下平流层的平均谱得到的盛行垂直波长在2．1—3．2km之间,与文献中报道的结果大致相同． 相似文献
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传统CSEM一般只提取主频信号，或以谐波与主频的振幅比为依据提取部分低阶谐波信号，但缺乏判断标准，实际操作中存在很大的不确定性.本文基于小波变换和希尔伯特解析包络提出一种新的CSEM信号噪声评价方法，首先在时间域中基于混合基快速傅里叶变换获得原始信号准确功率谱；其次在频率域中根据CSEM频率位置相邻频率幅值进行频谱预处理，基于离散小波变换将预处理后的频谱分成低频部分和高频部分，基于希尔伯特变换识别高频部分的上包络线，并与低频部分重构得到频谱的整体上包络线；最后根据包络线与对应CSEM频率振幅的比值估计噪声的影响幅度，根据阈值筛选出高信噪比的主频和谐波信号.本方法不需增加野外工作量即可提取大量的频率信号，特别是高阶谐波信号，实现频率加密，提高CSEM的纵向分辨能力和能源利用率. 相似文献
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本文通过端点效应压制的Hilbert-Huang变换, 对大同及沁源台布置的四分量钻孔应变仪记录的印尼8.6级地震激发的应变地震波形进行时频分析, 结果显示印尼8.6级地震的主震和8.2级余震的应变地震波序列各个震相具有不同的时频特征: ① 地震波到达之前的所谓“环境噪声”部分, 瞬时频率低, 瞬时振幅小; ② P波初至时, 高频成分突然增加, 振幅也随即增强; ③ S波到达时, 频率有所降低而振幅剧烈上升; ④ 面波到达时, 振幅进一步剧烈上升达到整个序列的极大值; ⑤ 尾波部分振幅逐渐降低, 但与噪声部分相比频率依然偏高, 振幅依然偏大。 本文也将应变地震波与地震仪记录的地震波进行对比, 虽然应变地震波与地震波波形和Fourier谱具有极高的相关系数, 但从Hilbert-Huang变换得到的边际谱上看, 应变地震波与地震波有显著的区别, 应变地震波比地震波记录的低频成分相对更多。 通过Hilbert谱, 有助于更好地了解非平稳信号的局部特征, 对于突变信号的地震波, Hilbert-Huang变换是一个较好的时频分析工具。 相似文献
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在缺乏其他资料的情况下,地脉动常常用做确定地震动对地表介质产生影响效应的简便手段。本文以银川市区为研究对象,根据地震勘探资料有目的的选取5条测线在银川市区进行地脉动观测,观测点共141个。用Nakamura提出的HV谱比法解析观测数据,在给定地下构造剪切波速度(VS)的基础上,由H/V比值曲线中的基本频率推测盆地深层地下构造。通过理论计算进一步验证了解析结果。结合前人地震勘探资料推测了银川市区脉动基本频率分布特征,并给出2D和3D银川市基底构造变化情况,对比分析表明,HV谱比法得到的脉动基本频率值可以反映银川盆地基底变化情况。 相似文献
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Caracas, Venezuela, Site Effect Determination with Microtremors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A.-M. Duval S. Vidal J.-P. Méneroud A. Singer F. De Santis C. Ramos G. Romero R. Rodriguez A. Pernia N. Reyes C. Griman 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2001,158(12):2513-2523
—?Caracas 1967 earthquake caused heavy damage to multi-story buildings. In 1995, 184 microtremor measurement points were performed over the city. The measurement grid was more or less dense and covered the main part of the alluvial basin as well as surrounding rock basement. For each point, the horizontal record spectrum was divided by the vertical one (H/V ratio). Subsequently, the strongest value (Ao) of this ratio in a given frequency band was kept, as well as the frequency (Fo) where it occurred. Spatial interpolations of Ao and Fo were performed among all points of Palos Grandes district. A map was plotted representing a single surface where Ao is relief and Fo is represented by grey gradation. An alluvion thickness (H) map can be compared with this result. Damaged buildings are located on the same map. Fo decreases until 0.6?Hz when alluvion thickness (H) increases. Fo values fit with frequencies previously predicted from computation and with 1967 earthquake observations. Moreover, interpolation surfaces show that amplification (Ao) of H/V on microtremor is quite low above rock but is high on the south part of the basin. The maximum occurs over the non-urbanized zone. However the other area, where Ao is higher than 5, roughly corresponds to the location of the four collapsed buildings. Furthermore, the estimated natural frequency of these buildings was around Fo. Graphics showing H, Fo and Ao evolution through the basin were composed. Links between all these values are noticeable. Fo is claimed to be very similar to the resonance frequency of soil. As for Ao, it could be a fairly relevant sign of damage seriousness. Microtremor technique is an economic tool and it allows measurement grid as dense as desired. H/V ratio processing followed by interpolation of maximum values provides precise and useful information about expected site effect. 相似文献
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In this paper, soil-structure interaction studies are presented for buildings which collapsed at the Tofas automobile factory, Bursa, Turkey, during the 28 March 1970 Gediz earthquake. Acceleration response spectrum curves of the ground were determined using the vibrations of an after shock recorded by a Willmore velocity seismometer. These spectrum curves provide an essential source of information for establishing the reasons of collapse, as well as for explaining the relative response to the earthquake of various buildings in the factory area. The factory not only is 135 km away from the epicentre, but also is far outside the fifth degree damage intensity zone. The prime reason why a low value of ground acceleration caused such surprisingly heavy damage to modern reinforced concrete structures is concluded to be the resonance phenomenon arising from the natural period of the structures coinciding with the predominant period of the soil. 相似文献
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Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Alex H. Barbat Luis G. Pujades Nieves Lantada 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):851
Conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for seismic evaluation of structures. The capacity spectrum method and the way of obtaining seismic damage scenarios for urban areas starting from capacity and fragility curves are then discussed. The determination of capacity curves for buildings using non-linear structural analysis tools is then explained, together with a simplified expeditious procedure allowing the development of fragility curves. The seismic risk of the buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is analyzed in the paper, based on the application of the capacity spectrum method. The seismic hazard in the area of the city is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum. The information on the buildings was obtained by collecting, arranging, improving and completing a broad database of the dwellings and current buildings. The buildings existing in Barcelona are mainly of two types: unreinforced masonry structures and reinforced concrete buildings with waffled-slab floors. The ArcView software was used to create a GIS tool for managing the collected information in order to develop seismic risk scenarios. This study shows that the vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable. 相似文献
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地铁运行产生的环境振动超过一定值会影响人体健康,准确评价地铁运行引起的振动响应值意义重大。本文采用进口测振仪分别对青岛地铁3号线和上海地铁10号线进行现场测振,对数据进行处理得出振动加速度时程曲线,对测试数据进行Fourier变换得到相应的频谱曲线,将频谱曲线按1/3倍频程滤波转化为1/3倍频程谱,进而计算出分频振级平均值。通过加速度时程、频谱、1/3倍频程谱和分频振级的对比分析,结果表明:青岛地铁振动响应明显大于上海地铁,其分频振级已超过我国的环境振动标准,而上海地铁的分频振级基本上与我国的环境振动标准相当。 相似文献
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Microtremor study of site effects and soil-structure resonance in the city of Ljubljana (central Slovenia) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Andrej Gosar Janez Rošer Barbara Šket Motnikar Polona Zupančič 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2010,8(3):571-592
The city of Ljubljana is located in one of the three areas with the highest seismic hazard in Slovenia, and it is also the
most densely populated. Site effects due to Quaternary sediments, which fill the up to 200 m-deep basin, are characteristic
of the whole city area, but they can be especially strong in the southern part of Ljubljana, which is built on very soft lacustrine
deposits. Existing microzonation studies of the city are inadequate, since there is a lack of borehole, geophysical and earthquake
data. The microtremor horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method was therefore applied to a 200 m dense grid of free-field
measurements over an area of 45 km2 (1,223 measuring points) in order to assess the fundamental frequency of the sediments. The main difficulties in microtremor
measurement arose from high levels of traffic and industrial noise, and from underground structures. Experimental conditions
which can influence data quality, such as strong wind and water saturation of soil, were analysed. Very clear HVSR peaks were
obtained in the entire southern part of the city, whereas in the northern part the site response is in general lower due to
lower impedance contrast of gravel with the bedrock. The iso-frequency map of sediments shows a distribution in the range
of 0.9–10 Hz. In the southern part of Ljubljana, sediment frequency correlates well with the thickness of soft sediments known
from geophysical investigations and sparse drilling. Average amplitude of the HVSR peaks is considerably higher in the southern
part (6.7 ± 2.4) than in the northern part (4.0 ± 2.0) of the city, indicating a high impedance contrast of lacustrine sediments
with the bedrock. Microtremor measurements were also performed inside 122 buildings of various heights. We focused on important
public buildings and selected blocks of flats and houses. To assess the longitudinal and transverse fundamental frequencies
of each building, amplitude spectra and the spectral ratio between the upper floor and the basement were analysed for both
directions. When one of these frequencies is close to a nearby free-field fundamental frequency, a potential soil-structure
resonance is present. This was found in 12 of the measured buildings. Three of them are tall residential buildings (from 10
to 15 floors) with a fundamental frequency of 2–3 Hz, and nine of them are low-rise buildings (from 3 to 5 floors) with a
fundamental frequency ranging from 3 to 4.5 Hz. Using the relationship between fundamental frequency and height, the typical
height of buildings that might cause soil-structure resonance can be estimated at a given sediment frequency obtained from
free-field measurements. 相似文献
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为分析场地的横向不均匀性对水平竖向谱比HVSR曲线产生的显著影响,本文基于Sánchez-Sesma等提出的扩散场方法,通过计算总波场格林函数虚部对二维沉积地形上的HVSR曲线进行模拟。格林函数虚部则通过刚度矩阵和平面内斜线格林函数采用间接边界元方法进行求解。对二维沉积地形和相应的一维层状半空间的HVSR曲线进行了参数分析,着重讨论了沉积地形的形状、相对计算点位置等因素对HVSR曲线的影响规律。结果表明:沉积地形内外材料阻抗比对HVSR曲线的影响最为显著;随着沉积地形内外材料阻抗差异和沉积侧界面坡度的增大,沉积地形上HVSR曲线的第一峰值点的频率显著增大至相应层状半空间结果的3.3倍,同时HVSR曲线的形态呈现出平台现象;随着计算点到沉积边界距离的减小,HVSR曲线高频段幅值相对较大。根据本文得到的局部地形对HVSR曲线的影响规律,在进行场地勘探时可采用HVSR方法初步确定局部地形的分布位置以降低勘探成本。 相似文献
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对美国NGA,采用一维连续小波变换得到每条记录的小波功率谱。研究了任意时间处小波功率谱最大值所对应的主频率。结果表明:地震动主频率随时间的增大逐渐减小;竖向地震动分量的主频比水平向分量随时间减小更快。分别采用线性函数模型、指数函数模型和指数三角函数模型,分析了场地、震级和震中距对主频变化曲线的影响,拟合了主频率在不同场地条件、震级、震中距等情况下随时间的变化曲线,水平向和竖向的频率时变曲线整体上都是随时间递减的,且竖向衰减得更快些,大多数情况下竖向记录的高频成分比水平向记录的相应成分要多。 相似文献
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本文基于波动理论,利用深度域相移法对不同互层数、不同单层厚度的等厚薄互层进行正演模拟.采用广义S变换分析零偏移距地震道反射复合波的瞬时频谱.研究发现当单层厚度大于3/16波长时,等厚薄互层时域特征为中、高频等幅振荡,瞬时频谱为与单层厚度成反比的单一峰值梳状函数;当单层厚度小于3/16波长时,震源子波的有限带宽对瞬时频谱的高频频率峰有压制作用,导致等厚薄互层中部的时域振幅和频域最大幅度均为低值,薄互层的结构特征不易分辨,说明宽高频的震源子波是提高薄互层分辨能力的关键.此外,理论推导和实验分析均证明:当地层厚度大于1/8波长时,其峰值频率与薄互层单层厚度存在定量解析关系,这为等厚薄互层单层厚度定量预测提供了重要的技术手段. 相似文献
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银川盆地是华北克拉通西部构造活动较为强烈的一个新生代断陷盆地.为了研究银川盆地的地壳浅部结构和活动断裂特征,我们利用2014年在银川盆地完成的深地震反射剖面数据,采用初至波层析成像方法得到了银川盆地高精度的基底P波速度结构和构造形态;考虑到仅根据速度结构剖面还难以确定断裂的准确位置、断层上断点埋深、断层的近地表构造组合样式等特征,研究中还采用浅层地震反射波勘探方法对银川盆地内的隐伏断裂和1739年平罗8.0级地震的地表破裂带浅部结构进行了高分辨率成像.研究结果表明:银川盆地与两侧地块的浅层P波速度结构和沉积盖层厚度差异较大,银川盆地总体呈现出明显的低速结构特征,盆地基底面起伏变化较大,基底最深处位于芦花台断裂和银川断裂之间的银川市下方,其深度约为7000~7200 m;贺兰山隆起区显示为明显的高速特征,地表出露中-古生代基岩地层,缺失新生代地层;鄂尔多斯地块西缘的浅层P波速度明显高于银川盆地,基底埋深相对较浅,推测其新生界地层厚度小于2500 m.浅层地震反射剖面揭示的地层反射界面形态和断裂的浅部构造特征非常清楚,黄河断裂、贺兰山东麓断裂、银川断裂和芦花台断裂不仅是错断盆地基底的断裂,而且还是第四纪以来的隐伏活动断裂,这些断裂的交替活动形成了"堑中堑"的盆地结构,并对银川盆地的形成、盆地内的新生代地层厚度和第四纪沉降中心具有重要的控制作用;在近地表这些断裂表现为由2~3条断层组成的"Y字形"断裂构造,且主断裂的最新活动可追踪至晚更新世末期或全新世,是构造继承性活动的结果.本文的研究结果不仅可为进一步分析银川盆地的基底结构、隐伏断裂特征和活动构造研究等提供新的地震学证据,而且还可为该区城市规划中避让活动断层提供科学依据. 相似文献