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1.
在对2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震灾区大量地震地质灾害实地考察及调查的基础上, 总结了滑坡、 崩塌、 砂土液化、 地裂缝、 地表变形等地震地质灾害的分布及发育特点, 探讨了地震地质灾害与发震断裂之间的关系. 极震区和重灾区的崩塌和滑坡特别严重, 是地震巨大破坏作用的外在表现形式; 砂土液化点较少, 分布范围和规模有限; 地裂缝和地表变形并非真正意义上的地震地表破裂带. 根据极震区和重灾区地震地质灾害的分布和发育特点, 认为芦山地震最有可能的发震断裂为龙门山前山断裂的双石—大川断裂, 也有可能是龙门山山前隐伏断裂的大邑断裂, 还有可能是双石—大川断裂与大邑断裂两者共同触发的结果.   相似文献   

2.
地震次生地质灾害是指地震引起的崩塌、滑坡及塌陷、地裂缝、砂土液化.中国20多个省(市、自治区)都发生过地震次生地质灾害,但不同地区发育程度不一,以中国大陆中部的陕、甘、宁、川、渝、滇、藏地区最为严重,形成一个NNE向的高危险带.地震次生地质灾害形成的地质地貌条件与一般地质灾害基本相同,但其激发因素为地震.震级5级以上、...  相似文献   

3.
简文彬 《地震学刊》2009,(6):709-714
在对5·12汶川地震灾区大量次生地质灾害实地考察调查的基础上,总结了次生地质灾害发育分布的特点,探讨了灾后重建的岩土工程问题。此次地震引发的次生地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等;次生地质灾害的发育分布与地震烈度相一致,与断裂带密切相关,并形成崩塌、滑坡→泥石流或崩塌、滑坡→堰塞湖→泥石流灾害链。灾后重建必须注重建设场地工程地质条件的研究、科学规划选址,合理避让地质灾害高风险地段;对重点高陡边坡灾害须进行必要的岩土工程加固,山区建筑地基基础设计应符合相关要求,要尽量减少对地质环境的扰动,预防工程诱发灾害。研究结果可为灾区岩土工程减灾防灾以及灾后重建提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
地震次生地质灾害指由地震活动引起的地质灾害。地震次生地质灾害,主要为崩塌、滑坡,其次为塌陷、地裂缝、砂土液化等。地震次生地质灾害增强了地震的破坏效应,加剧了地震灾害的损失程度,给抢险救灾和灾后重建造成很大困难。一般震级大于5级、烈度超过6度的地震可能引发不同程度的地质灾害,震级和烈度越高,次生地质灾害越严重。本文根据中国历史地震次生地质灾害的活动程度及发生条件,以地(市、区、盟)为单元,进行了危险性评价:高度和中度危险区主要分布在中国中部的陕甘宁川渝滇藏地区,形成一个大致北北东向的高危险带,其余大部分地区为轻度危险区。  相似文献   

5.
在收集、整理山西省历史地震黄土灾害资料的基础上,划分了黄土灾害的类型,总结了山西省历史地震所引起的崩塌、砂土液化、震陷和地裂的分布特征,分析了历史地震引起的黄土灾害与地震强度的关系,并对未来可能引起滑坡、崩塌、地裂和砂土液化等黄土灾害的地区进行了预测。  相似文献   

6.
芦山地震崩滑灾害空间分布及相关问题探讨   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
周庆  江亚风  吴果  陈国光 《地震地质》2014,36(2):344-357
由于逆断层作用,2013年芦山MS 7.0地震诱发的崩滑地质灾害分布表现出了明显的上盘效应与方向效应。在震后应急科考中未发现发震断层的地表破裂带,然而灾区大量出现的地震诱发滑坡、崩塌,加之密集的余震分布、地震烈度调查结果等,提供了确定芦山地震宏观震中、地震动错动方向以及研究地震发震构造等的诸多线索。 统计结果表明,芦山地震诱发的滑坡、崩塌具有明显的优势滑动方向(135°~144°),该方向揭示了地震断层的错动方向,与震源机制解反映的一致,大体垂直于发震断层的走向;从地震诱发崩塌、滑坡灾害点的分布与密度判断,宏观震中位于宝盛乡北,在仪器记录震中东北约3.6km处;从余震群分布、地震诱发滑坡分布特点及地震等烈度线等,结合以往强震如汶川地震等的调查经验,推测当震级足够大时,发震断层地表破裂带可能通过地质灾害、余震密集区东侧的边缘地带,总体平行于双石-大川断裂。另外,通过分析地层岩性与崩滑地形条件之间的关联性,发现崩滑灾害在某些地层岩性中易发,灾害点呈线性排列的原因是不同地层岩性之间抗风化能力的差异性,造成在地层分界线上形成线性陡崖或高坡度地带,使之在强震作用下容易发生崩塌、滑坡。  相似文献   

7.
2015年7月3日新疆和田地区皮山县发生的MS6.5地震极震区烈度达到Ⅷ度,砂土液化、地裂缝和崩塌等地质灾害发育。极震区内砂土液化发生范围广泛,地表发生喷砂冒水和边坡的侧向移动,对道路、水利等设施造成了严重的破坏;地裂缝断错多处路面,宽度最大达30 cm,裂缝多呈NWW走向;崩塌主要发生在高阶地边坡地带,人烟稀少,未造成人员、财产损失。本次地震地质灾害是新疆近十年来MS6以上较为严重的一次。  相似文献   

8.
地震地质灾害研究是地震灾害研究中的一项重要内容。通过对济南市主城区地层年代、岩土体特征、地形地貌条件等分析,在地质钻探和粉土颗粒分析实验基础上,采用标准贯入试验方法对济南市主城区砂土液化进行了判别,结果表明Ⅶ度烈度下济南市主城区西北部部分地区轻微液化,局部中等液化。研究表明,Ⅶ度烈度下济南市主城区发生滑坡、软土震陷、黄土震陷等地震地质灾害可能性较小,但局部可能发生崩塌、塌陷、地裂缝等地震地质灾害。  相似文献   

9.
"5.12"汶川大地震引发了石亭江流域严重的滑坡、崩塌,沿江两岸红白镇、金花镇及上游矿区的滑坡、崩塌掩埋了公路、水电站,摧毁铁路并堰塞石亭江,造成了大量的人员伤亡及财产损失。震后在中国地调局的资助下,进行了1∶5万野外地震次生灾害详细调查。研究结果表明,石亭江流域滑坡、崩塌分布在空间上具有明显的不均一性,即由石亭江下游至上游,总体呈加重趋势,而且沿山前断裂和中央断裂灾害异常发育,后者强于前者;地质灾害发育除受发震断裂控制外,还受地貌、岩性和人类工程活动等多因素控制,上述控制因素的耦合是导致石亭江地区地震地质灾害空间分布不均一的主要原因。  相似文献   

10.
2014年云南鲁甸“8·03”MS6.5地震造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失,诱发了大量滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等地质灾害。基于对鲁甸县龙头山幅(G48E006006)地质灾害调查数据和对典型地质灾害的剖析,震后地质灾害发育分布有特征如下:(1)震后地质灾害较震前成倍增长,震前地质灾害多以中小型浅层崩滑为主,地震诱发了诸如甘家寨、红石岩等大型—特大型滑坡、崩塌,大量沟谷崩滑堆积物为泥石流储备了丰富的物源;(2)震中高烈度区域地质灾害密度大,沿发震断裂带NNE—NE向构造密集发育,震中区龙头山镇地质灾害发育最为集中;(3)地质灾害呈带状分布,明显受控于河流水系(牛栏江、沙坝河、龙泉河等)、公路(昭巧二级公路、沙乐公路)等线性地貌单元和线性工程,人类活动影响明显。  相似文献   

11.
The investigation on damages to frozen soil sites during the West Kunlun Mountains Pass earthquake with Ms 8.1 in 2001 shows that the frozen soil in the seismic area is composed mainly of moraine, alluvial deposit, diluvial deposit and lacustrine deposit with the depth varying greatly along the earthquake rupture zone. The deformation and rupture of frozen soil sites are mainly in the form of coseismic fracture zones caused by tectonic motion and fissures,liquefaction, seismic subsidence and collapse resulting from ground motion. The earthquake fracture zones on the surface are main brittle deformations, which, under the effect of sinlstral strike-slip movement, are represented by shear fissures, tensional cracks and compressive bulges. The distribution and configuration patterns of deformation and rupture such as fissures, liquefaction, seismic subsidence and landslides are all related to the ambient rock and soil conditions of the earthquake area. The distribution of earthquake damage is characterized by large-scale rupture zones, rapid intensity attenuation along the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Highway, where buildings distribute and predominant effect of rock and soil conditions.  相似文献   

12.
The MW6.6 Arketao earthquake occurred on November 25, 2016 in Muji Basin of the Kongur extensional system in the eastern Pamir. The region is the Pamir tectonic knot, one of the two structural knots where the India plate collides with the Eurasian plate. This region is one of the most active areas in mainland China. The seismogenic structure of the earthquake is preliminarily determined as the Muji dextral-slip fault which locates in the north of Kongur extensional system. Based on field surveys of seismic geological hazard, and combined with the characteristics of high altitude area and the focal mechanism solution, this paper summarizes the associated distribution and development characteristics of sandy soil liquefaction, ground fissures, collapse, and landslide. There are 2 macroscopic epicenters of the earthquake, that is, Weirima village and Bulake village. There are a lot of geological hazards distributed in the macroscopic epicenters. Sand liquefaction is mainly distributed in the south of Kalaarte River, and area of sand liquefaction is 1 000m2. The liquefaction material gushed along the mouth of springs and ground fissures, because of the frozen soil below the surface. More than 60% of soil liquefactions are formed in the mouth of springs. According to the trenching, these liquefactions occurred in 1.8 meters underground in the gray green silty clay and silty sand layers. The ground fissures are mainly caused by brittle failure, and the deformation of upper frozen soil layer is caused by the deformation of lower soil layer. The ground fissures at Weirima village are distributed in a chessboard-like pattern in the flood plain of Kalaarte River. In the Bulake village, the main movement features of the ground fissure are tension and sinistral slip, and the directions of ground fissures are 90°~135°. The collapse and landslide are one of the important geological disasters in the disaster area. The rolling stones falling in landslide blocked the roads and smashed the wire rods, and the biggest rolling stone is 4 meters in length. We only found a small landslide in the earthquake area, but there are a large number of unstable slopes and potential landslides in the surroundings. The ground fissures associated with sand liquefaction are an important cause of serious damage to the buildings.  相似文献   

13.
古浪大震的地质灾害及破坏特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
根据野外调查和航片解译结果,对1927 年古浪8 级大震产生的主要地质灾害———地震破裂带、滑坡和裂缝及其展布特征进行了描述,并对该次地震的破坏特征及其控制因素进行了探讨.结果表明,古浪地震的地表破坏明显受地形和岩土类型的影响  相似文献   

14.
2010年4月14日7时49分,青海省玉树县发生了Ms7.1级地震。玉树地震不仅造成大量房屋破坏与人员伤亡,同时,引发了大量崩塌、滑坡和山体裂缝,并且形成了大量的诸如泥石流、堵河溃坝等链生灾害隐患。通过现场调查与数据的统计、分析,震区崩滑流地质灾害地震响应显著,地质灾害数量急剧增加,尤其是重大地质灾害隐患数量增加明显,空间分布上由震前的零星散点状分布转为震后的集中分布,地质灾害影响范围急剧扩大,危害程度也显著增高,主导诱发因素由震前的斜坡卸荷、降雨及人类工程活动等转为地震振动为主导诱发因素;震后地质灾害活动发展趋势将随地震对斜坡稳定性的长期影响、玉树灾区重建工作以及地质环境容量问题而将持续加剧,持续时间评估在10年左右。  相似文献   

15.
An MS 6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunnan province, on May 21, 2021. According to related investigations, the macro-epicenter of the earthquake is 6 km northwest of Yangbi County, and the seismogenic structure is the NW-trending Weixi-Qiaohou fault. The earthquake area is located in the hinterland of the Hengduan Mountains in the northwest of Yunnan province, a region dominated by high and medium-high mountains, with deep canyons and tectonic basins in between. Various geomorphic features are derived from drastic topographic changes and huge geological differences in the earthquake area. There are a variety of buildings in the earthquake-affected zone, including civil and brick-wood structures ones with weak seismic performance, as well as brick-concrete and frame ones with better seismic performance. This paper summarizes and analyzes different characteristics of the earthquake in different geomorphic units through field investigations of different buildings and geological disasters in the affected area. The results show that under the same earthquake intensity, the damage to most buildings (located in slope areas or rooted in weak strata) is amplified by the earthquake. The earthquake has exerted an obvious propagation effect along the direction of the seismogenic structure. Moreover, local ground fissures will aggravate the damage to the buildings even without surface dislocation. Thus, we suggest that attention should be paid to the ground fissures caused by the slope effect. The fissure areas may also be the disaster spot of collapses and landslides in case of a high-magnitude earthquake.  相似文献   

16.
The present work deals with 1D and 2D ground response analysis and liquefaction analysis of alluvial soil deposits from Kanpur region along Indo-Gangetic plains. Standard penetration tests and seismic down hole tests have been conducted at four locations namely IITK, Nankari village, Mandhana and Bithoor at 1.5 m interval up to a depth of 30 m below the ground surface to find the variation of penetration blows and the shear wave velocity along the depth. From the selected sites undisturbed as well as representative soil samples have been collected for detailed soil classification. The soil profiles from four sites have been considered for 1D and 2D ground response analysis by applying the free field motions of three Himalayan earthquakes namely Chamba earthquake (Mw—5.1), Chamoli earthquake (Mw—6.4) and Uttarkashi earthquake (Mw—6.5). An average value of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) obtained from 1D and 2D analysis is considered for liquefaction analysis and post-liquefaction settlement. The excess pore water pressure ratio is greater than 0.8 at a depth of 24 m from ground surface for IITK, Nankari village, Bithoor sites. More than 50% of post liquefaction settlement is contributed by layers from 21–30 m for all sites. In general, the soil deposits in Kanpur region have silty sand and sand deposits and are prone to liquefaction hazards due to drastic decrease of cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) at four chosen sites in Kanpur.  相似文献   

17.
1996年2月3日云南丽江发生7.0级强烈地震,震后考察发现了广泛的地表破坏现象,主要包括地裂缝、崩塌、滑坡、地面陷落、田坎位错及地表跳石等,基本集中分布在Ⅸ度极震区范围内,但有关地震地裂缝的描述较少。近期,在进行大具盆地野外地质调查时发现1处新的地裂缝,位于云南丽江7.0级地震微观震中附近,具体位置为大具盆地南部峨嵋子村西北、将台河二级阶地上,长约35 m,总体走向350°左右,最窄处宽约0.3 m,最宽处表现为凹陷坑,宽约2.2 m。经当地村民确认,新发现的地表地裂缝是1996年丽江地震形成的,该地裂缝在震后考察时未提及。  相似文献   

18.
The destructive 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake (Mw 7.5) was the largest inland earthquake in Taiwan in the 20th century. Several observations witness the non-linear seismic soil response in sediments during the earthquake. In fact, large settlements as well as evidence of liquefaction attested by sand boils and unusual wet ground surface were observed at some sites. In this paper, we present a seismic response simulation performed with CyberQuake software on a site located within the Chang-Hwa Coastal Industrial Park during the 1999 Chi–Chi earthquake in Taiwan. A non-linear multi-kinematic dynamic constitutive model is implemented in the software. Computed NS, EW and UP ground accelerations obtained with this model under undrained and two-phase assumptions, are in good agreement with the corresponding accelerations recorded at seismic station TCU117, either for peak location, amplitudes or frequency content. In these simulations, liquefaction occurs between depths 1.3 and 11.3 m, which correspond to the observed range attested by in place penetration tests and other liquefaction analyses. Moreover, the computed shear wave velocity profile is very close to post-earthquake shear wave velocity profile derived from correlations with CPT and SPT data. Finally, it is shown that in non-linear computations, even though a 1D geometry is considered, it is necessary to take into account the three components of the input motion.  相似文献   

19.
地震动作为引起地震灾害的原动力,常常通过造成建筑物倒塌、山体滑坡等形式引起大量人员伤亡和财产损失。1920年海原8½级地震,在震中距80 km远的西吉—静宁交界的黄土丘陵区引发了大量的山体滑坡,并造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失。在分析海原地震高烈度区滑坡分布特征的基础上,通过场地调查和数值计算等方法,研究典型滑坡密集场地的地质条件及地震反应特征。研究表明起伏地形和黄土厚度不均等因素造成丘陵山体两侧地震反应的差异,从而导致地震滑坡在斜坡土体较厚的一侧成群连片发育。海原地震造成的滑坡密集区的地形地貌、岩土性质、土层结构等条件决定了该地区地震动随局部场地条件变化非常迅速,地层场地效应和地形场地效应联合作用加剧了斜坡地表的地震动放大作用,增加了触发地震滑坡的动力。  相似文献   

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