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1.
地球磁场的演化历史对研究地核与地幔边界的动力学和地核内的磁流体力学过程提供了重要的信息，古地磁的研究为大陆漂移和海底扩张提供了定量的信息，然而到目前为止，对地球磁场古强度的研究还相当薄弱，由于地球磁场古强度数据的匮乏，使得人们对于地质历史时期地球磁场强度缺乏，本文对测定古强度的方法作了较详细的总结，并对一些实验方法作了评述，在这些方法中，认为最可信的古强度测定的方法是Coe校正后的Thellier法。  相似文献   

2.
对白令海北部陆坡B5-4孔进行了古地磁和岩石磁学研究,尝试获得该岩芯的地磁场相对强度和方向变化信息.结果表明:(1)除0~0.44 m沉积物的磁性矿物粒度比其余沉积物细以外,岩芯的磁学性质总体均一,其记录的地磁场相对强度可以与北大西洋ODP983孔相应记录进行高度对比.(2)根据B5-4孔与ODP983孔地磁场相对强度记录对比结果,并结合该孔4.54~4.56 m处有孔虫AMS14C测年结果,可以确定3个深度-年龄对比点,并据此初步建立了B5-4孔的年龄模型.(3)B5-4孔磁偏角和磁倾角记录与贝加尔湖、北美、欧洲全新世以来的记录和当地地磁场球谐模型结果一致,其对比点丰富了强度对比点年龄模型,揭示了14 cal ka B.P.以来近线性的沉积模式.(4)根据与中国东部陆架两个钻孔的磁倾角对比,我们推测B5-4孔9~14 ka之间两段浅化的磁倾角可能是哥德堡极性事件的记录,但是受到早期成岩或者沉积物平滑效应的影响.以上结果足以证明,地磁场相对强度和方向变化可以从适宜的白令海沉积物中获得,它可以为确定该海区沉积物年龄提供相关辅助信息,有助于解决北极、亚北极古环境和古海洋研究中由于有孔虫等钙质生物壳体缺乏导致的年龄信息匮乏问题.  相似文献   

3.
南海沉积物记录了丰富的高原隆升剥蚀、古海洋、东亚季风和区域构造演化信息，是研究东亚季风和古环境演化的理想材料.但是，由于南海沉积环境复杂，物质来源多样，使得沉积物定年和环境气候探讨的难度加大.为此，本文选取南海中央海盆的SCS-01钻孔作为研究对象，建立其准确的年代框架，综合利用磁学和地球化学分析方法，探讨沉积物物源及其对东亚季风演化的指示.首先，通过对沉积物样品的岩石磁学特征分析，表明沉积物的主要载磁矿物为低矫顽力的假单畴磁铁矿，载磁矿物颗粒大小均一、含量变化小，基本符合建立地磁场相对古强度(Relative Paleointensity, RPI)曲线的“均一性”标准.在此基础上利用磁化率和非磁滞剩磁对天然剩磁进行归一化处理得到RPI,将钻孔的RPI曲线与全球或区域的标准RPI曲线(Sint-200, NAPIS-75和SCS-PIS)进行比较，得到了6个年龄控制点，并结合AMS-14C测年结果，建立了南海中央海盆75 ka以来的时间框架.SCS-01钻孔的RPI记录和其他全球性观测结果的一致性表明，南海的沉积物记录了全球尺度的地磁场古强度行为模式.综合稀土元...  相似文献   

4.
Gauss-Matuyama极性转换期间地球磁场方向和强度变化特征   总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11  
粒度分析和风化强度研究表明 ,黄土高原渭南阳郭剖面黄土层L33沉积期间成壤化作用相对较弱 .在此基础上 ,为研究极性转换期间地球磁场变化特征 ,本文对黄土层L33进行了详细的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究 ,其结果表明黄土层L33的主要载磁矿物为磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿 ,并以沉积剩磁为主 ;由逐步热退磁确定的特征剩磁 （ChRM ）揭示了G M（Gauss Matuyama）极性转换过程的持续时间为 9 43± 0 64ka;在G M极性转换之前 ,地球磁场曾发生过持续时间为 2 2± 0 1 3ka的短极性漂移事件 ;相对强度研究表明 ,G M极性转换期间地球磁场强度减弱 .  相似文献   

5.
铁硫化物在古地磁学和环境学中的应用   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  
铁硫化物在古地磁学研究中日益受到人们的重视。本文介绍了亚铁磁性铁硫化物的磁性特征,概述了沉积物中铁硫化物在古在磁学和环境磁学的应用前景,探讨了铁硫化物学剩磁（ＣＲＭ）记录地球磁场的可靠性,并结合最新成果提出了未来的研究方向。  相似文献   

6.
Upper　Jaramillo极性转换期间地球磁场变化特征   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文
利用陕西渭南剖面黄土层位Ｌ１０的剩余磁性获得了ＵｐｐｅｒＪａｒａｍｉｌｌｏ极性转换期间地球磁场的记录。与地球磁场方向相联系的极性转换持续时间约３２００ａ。极性转换过程虚地磁极（ＶＧＰ）主要位于美洲大陆及其边缘，根据Ｒｏｃｈｅｔｔｅ模型。由极性转换前后地球磁场处于稳定极性状态时的平均方向模拟出的地磁极移曲线与实测曲线不同。这说明所得结果并不是由极性转换前后地球磁场平均效应引起的，应该是地球磁场变化的实际记录。本文收集了１９８９年之前中朝陆块自晚石炭世至第三纪期间的古地磁极数据。应用分类过滤方法选出可靠的古地磁极，建立了中朝陆块新的视极移曲线。通过中朝陆块与扬子陆块视极移曲线的比较，对前人提出的两个陆块会聚的几种模式进行了检验。本文提出的旋转模式，对研究两陆块的会聚过程是较合理的新观点。  相似文献   

7.
对西菲律宾海本哈姆高原的Ph05重力柱样沉积物进行了系统的岩石磁学和古地磁研究，结果表明载磁矿物主要为准单畴磁铁矿，磁性矿物的含量变化不大，表明该孔适合于古地磁场相对强度（RPI）重建．应用磁化率、非磁滞剩磁（ARM）和饱和等温剩磁（SIRM）归一化天然剩磁，从而得到RPI．为了进一步确定由3种方法得到的RPI的可靠性，运用P-T方法和交叉谱分析进行检验，发现应用ARM归一化得到的RPI与相关的气候参数相关性最小，因此认为应用ARM作为归一化参数得到的RPI最为可靠．基于RPI建立的年代模型与基于AMS^14 C测年数据以及通过有孔虫氧同位素曲线而建立的年代模型较为一致．文中得到的过去200ka以来的RPI与全球其他地区得到的相应曲线非常相似，其强度低值可以和Sint-200的谷值相对应，这种相似性证实了地球磁场强度变化的全球一致性．  相似文献   

8.
地磁方位标志的稳定性与磁偏角观测精度的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
地磁台是产出连续完整、准确可靠的地球磁场变化数据的场所。而对某测点地球磁场的描述是以磁偏角D、磁倾角I、总强度F、水平强度H、北向强度X、西向强度Y、垂直强度Z等七要素为依据。其中只需直接测定3个独立量,如D、H、Z或DI、、F等组合,则其它量可通过数学关系求得。特别是,磁偏角D在观测中非常重要。本文对静海地磁台改造后连续7年(2002~2008年)的观测记录资料,进行了认真整理和细致研究,研究了标志的漂移对观测值D的影响,说明了观测标志稳定的重要性。  相似文献   

9.
地球磁场强度对地球内部动力学过程的制约   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
利用K-Ar年龄测定法确定了辽西义县组下部出露的玄武岩时代相当于地磁极性年表的M0(121.0~120.6 Ma). 在详细岩石磁学和地磁场古方向测定的基础上, 利用改进的Thellier方法对该时代的火山岩进行了地球磁场古强度测定, 确定了与M0对应的地球磁场虚偶极矩(VDM)为(3.66 ± 0.10)´1022 Am2, 相当于现今值的45%. 结合已有的全球地球磁场古强度数据, 探讨地质历史时期地球磁场变化的地球内部可能控制因素及地球动力学意义.  相似文献   

10.
极性转换期间地球磁场形态学研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
本文对采自中国黄土高原西峰（35.7°N,107.6°E）和段家坡（34.2°N,109.2°E）两个剖面中黄土层L8和古土壤层S8的1281块定向古地磁样品做了详细的岩石磁学和古地磁学研究.证实了Matuyama-Brunhes（M-B）极性转换带位于L8的中下部.提出了下列观点:1.M-B极性转换过程与地球磁场方向变化相联系的持续时间为3600-4500a,而与地球磁场强度变化相联系的持续时间则为8000-9000a,即强度变化存在“超前和滞后” 效应;2.M-B转换场的形态是由三次快速倒转和一次不成功的倒转构成,或者说,转换场具有快速变换极性的振荡特征;3.M-B转换过程中地球磁场并不是以轴对称的非偶极子场为主,而是偶极子场至少与非偶极子场相当;4.中国黄土-古土壤沉积物所含磁性矿物的主要成分是磁铁矿,它是研究极性转换期间地球磁场详细结构的良好物质.  相似文献   

11.
A palaeomagnetic record of geomagnetic secular variation during the last 7000 years has been obtained from the sediments of Loch Lomond, Scotland. The magnetic direction fluctuations repeat well between cores and show greater detail, especially over the last 5000 years, than other European records. A time scale has been derived from14C analyses on the Lomond sediment and comparison with other14C-dated sediments. Investigation of relative palaeointensity determination methods has shown that the widely used normalization parameter of partial ARM is insensitive to even small sediment grain size fluctuations.The new high-fidelity direction record and improved time scale show that geomagnetic field changes have not followed a simple oscillatory pattern during the last 7000 years. The record enhances the application of palaeomagnetism to dating recent sediments, as the main declination swings are now characterized by fine detail, and paired inclination data are also available. The problem of mismatching swings when correlating with other paired directional records is thus reduced.The palaeomagnetic record agrees well with some archaeomagnetic results. It confirms the period of anticlockwise motion of the geomagnetic field vector, between 1000 and 600 years B.P., which was first documented by English archaeomagnetic investigations. Clockwise motion is shown to predominate during the remainder of the last 5500 years. The VGP path does not correlate with that of Japanese archaeomagnetic results nor North American sediment data from 2000 to 0 years B.P. This suggests that the secular changes are dominated by local non-dipole sources rather than wobbling of the main geomagnetic dipole.  相似文献   

12.
Absolute palaeointensity results were obtained from 392 samples (166 of 241 flows) from the upper 779 m of the Scientific Observation Hole 1 (SOH1) basalt core, Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, using the microwave palaeointensity technique. Based on K–Ar dates and a previously published age model, this covers the last 45 ka thus giving a high-resolution record of geomagnetic intensity in Hawaii. Comparisons with other Hawaiian absolute palaeointensity data show similar trend of higher intensity than present day for the last 3 ka and then a general decrease in intensity over the last 45 ka, though this study reports consistently lower palaeointensity values. Direct comparison with previous Thellier data from the SOH1 core shows some discrepancies between the two methods, with the Thellier data yielding generally higher palaeointensity estimates than the microwave data. In view of these discrepancies between the two methods, the introduction of raw palaeointensity data into the public domain is suggested.  相似文献   

13.
The knowledge about past secular variations of the geomagnetic field is achieved on the basis of archaeomagnetic researches of which the Bulgarian studies form an extended data set. In Part I (Kovacheva and Toshkov, 1994), the methodology used in the Sofia palaeomagnetic laboratory was described and the secular variation curves for the last 2000 years were shown. In Part II (this paper), the basic characteristics of the prehistoric materials used in the archaeomagnetic studies are emphasised, particularly in the context of the rock magnetic studies used in connection with palaeointensity determinations. The results of magnetic anisotropy studies of the prehistoric ovens and other fired structures are summarised, including the anisotropy correction of the palaeointensity results for prehistoric materials, different from bricks and pottery. Curves of the direction and intensity of the geomagnetic field during the last 8000 years in Bulgaria are given. The available directional and intensity values have been used to calculate the variation curve of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for the last 8000 years based on different time interval averages. The path of virtual geomagnetic pole (VGP) positions is discussed.  相似文献   

14.
Based on palaeomagnetic and rock magnetic results, 108 samples from 27 flows from Palaeogene flood basalts of Faroe Islands were chosen for whole-rock Thellier palaeointensity experiments. Altogether 90 samples were rejected due to either chemical alterations or typical multidomain (MD) behaviour evidenced by pTRM-tails. AF pre-treatment was used to reduce the effect of MD grains on Thellier experiments. Only five flows (18 samples) yielded acceptable palaeointensity estimates, with flow mean VDMs ranging from 3.5 to 7.4×1022 A m2. Modest selection criteria imposed on all published 5-160 Ma palaeointensity data left only 15 palaeomagnetic dipole moments: eight from whole-rock samples, six from submarine basaltic glass and one from single plagioclase crystals. More data are needed before the intriguing differences between results from different materials can be put into a geomagnetic context.  相似文献   

15.
A new record of absolute palaeointensity was obtained from drill core Scientific Observation Hole 1 (SOH1) on Kilauea volcano, Hawaii. Kilauea’s high eruption rate resulted in a relatively continuous record and stratigraphic constraints preserved the chronological order. Three hundred and sixty samples were studied with the Thellier-Thellier technique, which gave 195 successful palaeointensity and 271 successful inclination determinations. Three geomagnetic excursions were observed, which exhibited intensity reductions of about 50%. Initial age control from K-Ar and Ar/Ar dating only constrained the total age between 20 and 120 ka. The final age model was obtained by stretching the SOH1 record relative to other Hawaiian palaeomagnetic data. This gave an age range of 0-45 ka for the flows and identified the excursions as the Hilina Pali, Mono Lake and Laschamp events. The SOH1 record of the Hilina Pali event is the most detailed ever, incorporating data from around 40 flows. This age model suggests that Kilauea had a burst of activity at the SOH1 site around 20 ka. All available data was combined to form a composite record of palaeointensity and inclination on Hawaii for 0-45 ka.  相似文献   

16.
The normal to reverse Lower Mammoth reversal (3.33 Ma) has been recorded in several sequences of lava from the Waianae Volcano, the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. 137 samples from 29 flows from the Pu'u Paheehee section have been the subject of a palaeointensity study using the microwave technique. Duplicate sister samples from the directional study of Herrero-Bervera and Valet (Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 171 (1999) 139–148) were used. Microwave demagnetisation was carried out on all samples and the directions compared to the published flow mean directions. Microwave palaeointensity experiments were carried out on all accepted samples using the 8.2 GHz and 14 GHz microwave systems. The perpendicular applied field palaeointensity method and a Coe analogue method were used. Eighty-four samples from 24 flows gave acceptable palaeointensity results. The results indicate that the geomagnetic field was low (mean 5.9±1.3 μT (N=7)) prior to the transitional directions. During the first stage of the reversal the field remains low. Results however could only be obtained from three transitional flows. The field then strongly recovers with very high intensity (70 μT) and reversed direction. After this the intensity decreases before the field becomes transitional again for a cluster of four flows. The field does not reduce as much as previously, rather it is about twice the pre reversal intensity. For the final section of reversed flows the intensity is more than twice the pre reversal mean value, 15.1±5.9 μT (N=7). Whilst some similarities are seen between this reversal and other reversals of different ages and locations there is not enough data at present to say whether there is any systematic behaviour.  相似文献   

17.
The SCHA.DI.00 directional model for the geomagnetic field in Europe for the last 2000 years (Pavón–Carrasco et al., 2008) has been updated by modelling the palaeointensity. This model, SCHA.DI.00, was developed from available Bayesian European Palaeosecular Variation Curves using the regional Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis technique. The comparison of the palaeosecular variation curves, given by the regional model, with available archaeomagnetic data not used in its development showed an improvement with respect to the fit obtained by global archaeomagnetic models. In this paper advantage is taken of recently published palaeointensity databases to develop a complete (direction and intensity) regional archaeomagnetic model for the last 2000 years valid for the European region: the SCHA.DI.00–F model. Not only does this complete model provide an improvement for example for archaeomagnetic data studies, but it is also shown that this new regional model can be used to study the recently proposed link between the centennial secular variation of the geomagnetic field and climate change. The pattern of the archaeosecular variation of the field intensity obtained by SCHA.DI.00–F seems to verify the hypothesis presented by Gallet et al. (2005) about a possible (causal) connection between changes in the geomagnetic field intensity and in climate parameters, opening the door for more discussions on this challenging subject.  相似文献   

18.
Paleomagnetic records of the Gauss-Matuyama reversal were obtained from two loess sections at Baoji on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Stepwise thermal demagnetization shows two obvious magnetization components. A low-temperature component isolated between 100 and 200–250°C is close to the present geomagnetic field direction, and a high-temperature component isolated above 200–250°C reveals clearly normal, reversed, and transitional polarities. Magnetostratigraphic results of both sections indicated that the Gauss-Matuyama reversal consists of a high-frequency polarity fluctuation zone, but the characteristic remanent magnetization directions during the reversal are clearly inconsistent. Rock magnetic experiments demonstrated that for all the specimens with normal, reversed, and transitional polarities magnetite and hematite are the main magnetic carriers. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility indicates that the studied loess sediments have a primary sedimentary fabric. Based on virtual geomagnetic pole latitudes, the Gauss-Matuyama reversal records in the two sections are accompanied by 14 short-lived geomagnetic episodes (15 rapid polarity swings) and 12 short-lived geomagnetic episodes (13 rapid polarity swings), respectively. Our new records, together with previous ones from lacustrine, marine, and aeolian deposits, suggest that high-frequency polarity swings coexist with the Gauss-Matuyama reversal, and that the Gauss-Matuyama reversal may have taken more than 11 kyr to complete. However, we need more detailed analyses of sections across polarity swings during reversals as well as more high-resolution reversal records to understand geomagnetic behavior and inconsistent characteristic remanent magnetization directions during polarity reversals.  相似文献   

19.
海洋沉积物能够记录较为连续的古地磁信息.对沉积物记录的天然剩磁(NRM)进行归一化处理,可以构建过去较为连续的地磁场相对古强度(RPI)信息,这对于研究地磁场演变与全球记录对比具有重要的科学意义.本文以南海西北次海盆地区L07岩芯作为研究对象,利用等温剩磁(IRM)作为NRM的归一化参数,构建了南海西北次海盆地区37ka以来的RPI曲线.实验结果显示,L07岩芯中载磁矿物的成分较为单一,以单畴(SD)-细粒准单畴(PSD)低矫顽力磁铁矿为主,能够作为古强度记录的载体.此外,在11.5ka处RPI出现峰值.进一步结合东亚地区鄂霍茨克海岩芯的RPI记录以及中国黄土10Be的丰度变化,我们认为该RPI峰值是由于地球非偶极子场影响所致.这说明东亚正磁异常的影响范围可以达到中国南海等中低纬度地区,这为理解东亚地区磁场演化提供了新证据,同时也为该区千年尺度RPI记录变化特征提供了新机制.  相似文献   

20.
Summary When reheated to temperatures below the Curie temperature (Tc) and subsequently cooled in a constant magnetic field it has been shown that rocks which contain magnetic minerals will acquire an induced magnetic anisotropy (IMA). The IMA is capable of retaining information on the palaeointensity of the geomagnetic field and the palaeotemperature of this most recent heating. A novel technique for determining the palaeotemperature has been developed, employing the high-harmonics method.  相似文献   

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