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1.
嘉峪关气氡浓度在多年上升的背景下,于2017年出现了转折异常变化,但祁连山地震带内一直没有发生与异常幅度和持续时间相匹配的地震,直到2021年5月22日,在距离嘉峪关气氡测点570 km的玛多发生MS7.4地震。为了判断嘉峪关气氡浓度异常与玛多地震的关系,结合震例,从异常信度、震前异常特征、震后异常变化及地质构造背景等方面对其进行深入分析。结果发现:嘉峪关气氡浓度的异常特征与地震所处的构造有关,发生在祁连山地震带内的地震,气氡浓度异常表现为1年或半年尺度的年畸变,发生在该地震带以外远距离的地震,气氡浓度异常表现为多年的趋势性变化;玛多地震发生后,嘉峪关气氡浓度下降速率减缓之后转折,呈恢复状态;嘉峪关气氡测点与玛多地震都位于青藏高原东北部,具有相同的动力背景且在构造上具有关联性。综合分析认为嘉峪关气氡多年趋势异常与玛多MS7.4地震有关,研究对建立可靠的异常指标体系、提高地震预测水平具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
K. -K. Liu T. -F. Yui Y. -H. Yeh Y. -B. Tsai T. -L. Teng 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):231-244
Radon (222Rn) concentration in geothermal waters and CO2-rich cold springwaters collected weekly in duplicate samples from four stations in northern Taiwan were measured from July 1980 to December 1983. Seven spike-like radon anomalies (increases of 2 to 3 times the standard deviation above the mean) were observed at three stations. Following every anomaly except one, an earthquake ofM
L
above 4.6 occurred within 4 to 51 days, at an epicentral distance 14 to 45 km, and at a focal depth of less than 10 km. The distribution of the earthquakes preceded by radon anomalies is skewed in certain directions from the radon stations; the radon stations seem to be insensitive to earthquakes occurring in the other directions. At the fourth station, near a volcanic area, much gas (mainly CO2) is discharged from the well, together with hot water. A very high concentration of radon was detected in the discharged gas; therefore trapping of gas in the water can result in anomalously high radon contents. According to limited measurements, the radon concentration in water appears to be undersaturated with respect to that in gas. This suggests that hot water is very susceptible to radon loss, and monitoring of radon in gas is more desirable. 相似文献
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The data of the profile gas emanation survey conducted on three spatial scales in separate regions of the Mongolia-Baikal seismic belt are generalized to establish the regularities of the spatially heterogeneous distribution of soil radon activity above the active faults in the Earth’s crust. It is shown that the shapes, sizes, and contrast of the near-fault radon anomalies are complicated by erosion and weathering; however, the critical role in their formation is played by the structural-geological controls, which determine the internal structure and recent activity of the fault zones. As a consequence, the cross-fault shape of the studied radon anomalies is vitally controlled by four structural situations, which correspond to the combinations of the structural type of the fault (localized/distributed) and the presence/absence of the fine filler material in the zone controlled by the fault. The cross-fault dimension of the emanation anomaly is commensurate or slightly larger than the width of the fault zone comprising all the fractures and joints associated with the formation of the main fault, which, due to the low permeability of the tectonites, is in most cases marked by the lowest concentration of soil radon. The contrast of the emanation anomalies, which we suggest to estimate in terms of a relative parameter K Q , gravitates to certain levels of this parameter. This provides the basis for distinguishing five groups of the fault zones with low (K Q ≤ 2), moderate (2 < K Q ≤ 3), increased (3 < K Q ≤ 5), high (5 < K Q ≤ 10), and ultrahigh (K Q > 10) radon activity. The previous studies show that for increasing the efficiency of the emanation survey in the fault zones, it is advisable to set up long profiles, reduce the measurement step in the vicinities of the main faults, specify the threshold of identifying the anomalies at the arithmetic mean level over the profile, and use the relative parameter K Q for comparing and estimating the faults in terms of the intensity of their radon activity. 相似文献
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本文将临界慢化理论应用于甘东南地区水氡浓度观测资料的处理中，以2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震、2013年7月22日甘肃岷县—漳县MS6.6地震为例，计算表征临界慢化现象的自相关系数和方差。计算结果表明，甘东南地区多个台站的水氡浓度观测资料在两次地震前均存在较明显的临界慢化现象。并从空间分布、持续时间、变化形态方面分析了异常点水氡浓度变化的临界慢化特征，结合水氡异常的水动力学机制和异常点所在构造，认为2次地震前的临界慢化现象与地震的发生有一定关系。 相似文献
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We systematically analyzed the Benioff strain release before 65 earthquakes with MS over 6.0 in China from 1978 to 2003 to investigate the generality of the widely discussed accelerating moment release (AMR)
phenomenon before strong and intermediate-strength earthquakes. In this approach, a strong or intermediate-strength earthquake
is selected as a ``target earthquake,' and retrospective analysis of seismic activity before the ``target earthquake' is
performed. Simple searching area (three circular areas with different radius centered at the epicenter of the ``target earthquake')
and unified temporal range (8 years) are taken in the analysis. Justification of whether AMR exists is by both visual inspection
and by power-law curve fitting. It is found that more than 3/5 of the earthquakes under consideration exhibit clear pre-shock
AMR property, and 1/3 of the events seem to be sensitive to the searching area. AMR behavior shows apparent focal mechanism
dependence: 15 out of 17 dip-slip earthquakes with stable moment release characteristics against the changing of searching
areas exhibit AMR behavior, while 16 out of 25 strike-slip earthquakes with stable moment release characteristics exhibit
AMR behavior. 相似文献
8.
松原5.7级地震震中区土壤氢气变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2018年5月28日吉林松原发生5.7级地震,为了探究地震对断层气的影响以及震后断层气变化特征,震后在震中区进行了多期土壤氢气浓度观测工作,得到了震中区氢气浓度的最大值、背景值等多项指标。结合地震前后氢气浓度数据,分析震中区震前、震后氢气浓度趋势性变化情况,结果显示:在此次地震活动中,氢气浓度变化有"震前缓慢升高—临震下降—震后迅速升高—强余震前再次骤升"的现象;氢气浓度变化与地震活动间有很好的映震关系,主震对氢气浓度的上升起主要作用,而余震则起诱发作用,余震的活动会使赋存在地下岩石裂隙的氢气释放量增大,表明氢气对余震活动的响应较灵敏;另外,震后某一时刻空气中的氢气浓度也会升高,这可能与区域断层中的氢气逸散到大气中有一定关系。 相似文献
9.
A pronounced increase in seismicity started in and around Longtan reservoir, southwestern China after October 1, 2006 when it began the impoundment, and by the end of May 14, 2010, about 3,233 earthquakes with ?0.6?≤?M L?≤?4.2 had been located. This seismicity which occurred in five clusters mainly concentrated in the areas where few earthquakes had occurred before the first filling. There were four water filling periods in the Longtan reservoir, and the observed reservoir-induced seismicity (RIS) shows a strong correlation with the filling cycles. After the first filling, there appears to be an instant undrained response due to an elastic response to the reservoir load in the third and fourth cluster. Then, this seismicity is followed by a delayed, drained response due to pore pressure diffusion, with the seismicity migrating outwards in one or more directions in the second and third filling period. The seismic diffusivity (α s) we estimated is about 4.54?×?105?cm2/s. The activity levels in the five clusters are different due to differences in the structures and permeabilities of the faults. The delayed seismic response to the filling in the third cluster was due to the combined effects of the lack of local fault intersecting the reservoir and lower permeability of the rock. The b value we obtained for reservoir-induced events was significantly different and higher than that of pre-impoundment natural tectonic earthquakes in the Longtan reservoir. The results of relocated earthquakes based on double difference earthquake location algorithm showed that their focal depths were mainly shallower than about 10 km and the distribution of relocated RIS in four clusters had no relation with these intersecting faults in the Longtan reservoir except the fifth cluster. All these characteristics of RIS in the Longtan reservoir indicate that they may relate to the coupled poroelastic response that includes both pore pressure diffusion and an undrained response, but the pore pressure diffusion and the water permeation appear to play a more important role on inducing the earthquakes in Longtan reservoir. 相似文献
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宁波台水氡、水位在汶川8．0、日本9．0级地震中异常现象分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
宁波台ZK03井水氡在汶川8．0和日本9．0级地震前后出现的异常,可能是这两次地震的前兆异常和震后效应,并且出现的异常有较多相似之处。从水氡五日均值曲线来看,震前11个月开始就出现了异常,五日均值最大异常量都出现在异常结束前5个月,形成了一个“V”字形的中短期低值异常形态。同井观测的动水位同震响应也较相似,说明这两次地震波传播中对该井的水动力作用基本相同,因此也可能会出现相似的水氡中短期异常现象。 相似文献
11.
Pradeep Talwani 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1979,18(4):288-302
We have monitored seismic activity induced by impoundment of Lake Jocassee in northwest South Carolina for about two years. Low-level shallow activity was recorded. The larger felt events (2.0 ? ML ? 2.6) were found to be associated with precursory changes in one or more of the following; number of events, tS/tp ratio values and radon concentrations in groundwater.The microearthquakes in the precursory period were accurately located in time and space, and their location pattern was used to develop an empirical earthquake prediction model.The precursory period consists of two phases; α-phase or a period of slow (or no) increase in seismicity, and β-phase, a period when the activity increase is more rapid. The main shock was found to be located within a cluster, a “target” area defined by the location of events in the β-phase. There is a general absence of seismic activity in the “target” area in the α-phase. The main shock occurred soon after a period of quiescence in the seismic activity in the β-phase. The magnitude of the shock, ML is given by: ML = 2 log D ? 0.07, where D is the duration of the precursory period in days.The model was successfully tested with data for a magnitude 2.3 event on February 23, 1977 which was also accompanied by radon and ts/tp anomalies. 相似文献
12.
在地震短临跟踪工作过程中,我们发现,2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前,在地震活动性方面,长中短临不同时段内呈现出各种形态的异常,小震活动呈现条带、围空和平静－活跃的过程。地下流体前兆异常水氡趋势性中期异常呈现同步性转折,水氡突变性短临异常呈现同步性突跳,近源区和邻区的水汞呈现同步性高值异常;而且,地下流体前兆异常形成区域与中强震发生地点有一定的构造关联性。因此,对2008年3月21日盈江5．3级地震前地震活动性长中短临各阶段呈现的异常．中短临地下流体前兆异常,进行了系统回顾和总结,理清预报思路,以便更好地指导今后的工作。 相似文献
13.
在城市环境中进行隐伏断层地球化学探测试验是一次新的尝试。试验探测内容包括 :不同地球化学测项 (土壤气汞和土汞、土壤气氡等 )、不同类型测氡仪器 (FD - 12 5 ,FD - 30 17RaA)、不同探测场地 (稻田、菜地、林区、道路、回填土和市区街道绿化带等 )。地球化学与浅层地震勘探结果的比较表明 ,2类异常点的对应率约为 70 % ,表明地球化学方法在福州市环境下的隐伏断层探测中是一种有效的方法 ;地球化学“伪异常”出现的可能部位是小桥边、废弃建筑物地基、路边垃圾堆放地等 相似文献
14.
Continuous soil radon gas observations in Turkey since 2002 have yielded consistent and repeatably encouraging results in
terms of detection of anomalies prior to seismic events. However, earthquakes are quite complex natural phenomena and pre-seismic
periods should be monitored by different techniques which may yield complementary results. Multidisciplinary research is seen
necessary due to the fact that fault systems generating devastation earthquakes can be found in tectonically quite different
regimes and that crustal deformation may not be detected by any of the available techniques alone. 相似文献
15.
S. R. Steele 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1984,122(2-4):353-368
Anomalous soil-radon activity, including several spike-like surges over periods of 5, 2, and 2 1/2 months, and a year-long declining trend, preceded the most significant earthquakes of the central mid-continental region of North America during 1981 and early 1984. The 5-month period of erratic weekly radon activity, February–June 1981, was followed by a tremor of magnitudeM=4.0, 40 km from the monitoring site in the New Madrid seismic zone. An unusual earthquake swarm in central Arkansas, 160 km from the New Madrid seismic zone and 230 km from the monitoring site in the seismic zone, began in January 1982, shortly after a year-long declining trend in anomalous radon emanation. Earthquakes of magnitudes 4.5, 4.1, and 4.0 occurred at the swarm's outset in early 1982, fitting a pattern anticipated for the New Madrid seismic zone on the basis of the radon activity. Two periods of coincident peak radon emanation have since been observed in the Arkansas and New Madrid seismic regions, as have synchronous seismic pulses for the two separate areas.Two more recent periods of highly erratic soil-radon emanation, March–May 1983 and November–January 1984, were followed by a 4.3 earthquake in southwestern Illinois on 15 may 1983, and 3.5–3.6 tremors and swarm activity in the New Madrid seismic zone in late January and mid-February 1984. Prior to the 4.3 event, radon peaked at three widely separated monitoring sites 1–3 weeks before the tremor at distances of 120, 225, and 320 km from the epicentral region, the station at 225 km, in the New Madrid seismic zone, recording the longest period of anomalous radon activity. As for the recent 3.5–3.6 tremors of 1984, seismic activity of this magnitude had been anticipated for January or February on the basis of the amplitude of the November radon anomaly.These observations provide further evidence of (a) the existence of soil-radon anomalies precursory to the large earthquakes in this intraplate region, (b) the utility of such anomalies in anticipating events of small to moderate magnitudes for the region, and (c) the occurrence of regional-scale strain events prior to some of the larger mid-continental earthquakes.A very recent radon anomaly, the strongest yet to be detected in the seven years of monitoring in the mid-continental region, occurred in the New Madrid seismic zone from mid-February through mid-June 1984. A 4.0 earthquake occurred one month after a peak in the radon activity. The amplitude and duration of the anomaly suggest that a significant change in the state of stress or strain may have occurred in the mid-continental region during 1984. 相似文献
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Soil gas investigation is a useful tool to detect active faults. The sudden appearance of soil gas anomalies in zones of deep-reaching faults represents a promising potential precursor of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. In volcanic areas the development of soil gas monitoring techniques is particularly important, as they can represent, together with remote sensing techniques, the only geochemical methods that can be safely applied during volcanic unrest, when it becomes impossible or too dangerous to sample crater fumaroles. A soil gas survey was carried out in June 1993 at the main island of Thera, in the Santorini volcanic complex. CO2 flux and CO2 and helium concentrations were measured at 50 cm depth for 76 points covering the entire island, with a spacing of 500 m or less. Several anomalous soil degassing sites have been detected. The main anomalies correspond to the Kolumbos line and to the Kameni line, two volcano-tectonic fault systems that controlled all the historic volcanic activity of Santorini. A third anomaly is related to a gas-leaking fault cutting the geothermal field of southern Thera. Soil gas data, together with geovolcanological and seismological evidence, indicate that the Kolumbos and Kameni lines are the most probable sites for future volcanic or seismic reactivation, and provide the basis for the establishment of a new geochemical monitoring technique at Thera. 相似文献
17.
Constantin Cosma Botond Papp Mircea Moldovan Victor Cosma Ciprian Cindea Liviu Suciu Adelina Apostu 《Acta Geophysica》2010,58(5):947-956
Soil radon gas and/or its exhalation rate are used as indicators for some applications, such as uranium exploration, indoor
radon concentration, seismic activity, location of subsurface faults, etc., and also in the studies where the main interest
is the field verification of radon transport models. This work proposes a versatile method for the soil radon sampling using
a special manner of pumping. The soil gas is passed through a column of charcoal by using passive pumping. A plastic bottle
filled with water is coupled to an activated charcoal column and the flow of water through an adjustable hole made at the
bottom of bottle assures a controlled gas flow from the soil. The results obtained for the activity of activated charcoal
are in the range of 20–40 kBq/m3, for a depth of approximately 0.8 m. The results obtained by this method were confirmed by simultaneous measurements using
LUK 3C device for soil radon measurements. Possible applications for the estimation of radon soil potential are discussed. 相似文献
18.
The Hsingtai, China earthquakes of March 1966 were a series of destructive earthquakes associated with the Shu-lu graben. Five strong shocks of Ms ≥ 6 occurred within a period of less than a month, the largest of which was Ms 7.2. Body and surface waves over the period range from several to 100 s have been modeled for the four largest events using synthetic seismograms in the time domain and spectral analysis in the frequency domain. Data from ground deformation, local geology, regional seismic network, and teleseismic joint epicenter determination have also been used to constrain the source model and the rupture process.The fault mechanism of the Hsingtai sequence was mainly strike-slip with a small component of normal dip-slip. The strikes of the four largest shocks range from ～ N26° to 30°E, approximately along strike of the major faults of the Shu-lu graben and the aftershock distribution. The source mechanisms can be explained with a NNW-SSE extensional stress and a NEE-SWW compressional stress acting in the area. The major shocks all had focal depths ～ 10 km.The four largest shocks in the sequence were characterized by a relatively simple and smooth dislocation time history. The durations of the far-field source time functions ranged from 3.5 to 5 s, while the rise times were all ～ 1 s. The seismic moments of the four largest earthquakes ranged from 1.43 × 1025 to 1.51 × 1026 dyne cm?1. The fault sizes of the four events were very close. Assuming circular faults, the diameters of the four events were determined to be between 10 and 14 km. Stress drops varied from ～ 52 to 194 bars. A trend of increasing stress drop with earthquake size was observed.A survey of stress drop determinations for 15 major intraplate earthquakes shows that on the average the magnitude of stress drop of oceanic intraplate earthquakes and passive continental margin events is higher (～ 200 to several hundred bars) than that of continental intraplate earthquakes (～ 100 bars or less). 相似文献
19.
B. Flores Humanante E. Giroletti J. Idrovo M. Monnin R. Pasinetti J. -L. Seidel 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1990,132(3):505-520
A radon concentration measurement survey was carried out in Ecuador using the SSNTD technique. The data analysis shows a definite radon anomaly prior to March 6, 1987;M=6.9 earthquake. Anomalies found before October 18 and October 28th mild earthquakes in 1986 could be correlated with these events. Other anomalies that we cannot correlate with any geophysical event were also found. 相似文献