共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
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《高原地震》2017,(2)
针对鲁甸6.5级地震、唐山4.0级地震前地下流体异常现象,结合异常时段地下流体观测数据,对震前地下流体异常现象及指标进行总结分析。研究表明,鲁甸地震前及唐山地震前地下流体长期与中期异常特征均主要出现在距离震中心500 km范围内。地下流体震前异常特征现象观测的目的是判断地震危险区高密度观测特征,对地震高发区的中短期异常指标仅进行中短期分析。地震区域应力叠加导致地震前兆现象的开启,引起断裂带裂隙,地下水温度和地下深部气体异常变化,水岩变化使得地下流体混合前兆增强。在地震前兆观测范围内,获取地下流体异常指标变化可以为震前预测提供数据支持,推动地震预测理论的发展。 相似文献
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应力加载作用引起地下水微温度场变化的研究综述 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
在地震地下流体动态观测中,水温对地震活动的响应非常敏感,井水温度微动态观测越来越受到有关学者的关注。本文收集了相关资料,以引起水温变化的水动力学机制为基础,从应力加载作用下渗流场的变化、渗流场变化引起地下水温度变化以及裂隙介质热量运移三个方面分别阐述了前人研究成果,旨在理清“含水层受力变形→井-含水层系统内水流变化→井水温度变化”的理论模式,探讨应力加载作用引起地下水微温度场变化的理论基础和技术途径。对这一领域研究成果的综合分析将有助于我们深入地研究地震孕育过程中的前兆成因机理。 相似文献
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1 研究背景
大量研究表明,通过捕捉震前显著异常变化,并分析其可能成因,对震情趋势判定具有重要意义.在地下流体监测中,地球化学方法的引入有助于判定异常是否为前兆异常.利用常、微量元素的组成变化、同位素的变化分析地下水的水质类型、循环深度、水岩反应程度以及物质来源,已经逐步被应用到地震前兆异常判定中(刘耀炜等,2009).其中,氢氧同位素变化在判定异常可靠性方面具有较大的应用价值,在地震孕育过程中,由于应力—应变的增强,使得地下水与岩石在高温、高压条件下发生同位素交换反应,同位素交换平衡向地下水δ18O值增大的方向移动. 相似文献
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论述了珲春7．0级深源地震地下流体中期、短期、临震、震时、震后异常，分析了地下流体异常特征。认为其时间展布具有阶段性，配套性和集中性，异常出现的时间与震中距密切相关，其空间展布具有迁移性，中期异常由外围向震中收缩，其速率很小，进入短期阶段，速率迅速加大。临震异常由震中向外围发散，其速率加大到剧增。此即为我们捕捉岩石变形临失稳阶段提供信息，是经验性预报向物理预报过渡的一种尝试。本文尚对地下流体异常与地震构造的关系，地下流体异常的场兆、源兆特征进行了讨论。 相似文献
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依据地下流体存在趋势性异常和短临异常的基本观测事实，提出“应力－应变效应说与水诱发异常说并重”的地下流体地震预报研究的科学思路。按照这一思路，对地震地下流体观测的布网与选井原则提出了新的补充意见；认为降水及其相关的地表水、地下水及大范围抽水等是地形变、地应变、地应力、水化及地电阻率等多种前兆异常发生的调制与诱发因素，因而需要对原来的干扰因素的内涵作修正；对地下流体前兆异常做了新定义及主要特征的归纳；对于今后的工作，提出了加强对地下流体短临前兆异常重现性的研究、加强对浅层地下流体的调制与诱发作用的研究以及积极促进地震地下流体学与其他相关学科的交叉与融合等建议。 相似文献
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对1998年张北MS6.2与2014年鲁甸MS6.5二个地下流体的典型震例, 进行前兆异常的重新筛选与异常特征的系统剖析, 分析了异常与地震三要素关系, 指出了异常特征与地震三要素关系的不确定性及以此实现地震预测的困难性。 从场的动态监测与源的过程追踪的地震预测的科学思路出发, 提出了中国地震地下流体台网的优化与升级的方向与方案, 其主要内容有: ① 通过对现有观测井(泉)进行筛选并增建一批新观测井(泉), 重建以强化场的动态监测为目标的全国地下流体基本台网, 该网以地下水物理化学(水位、 水温、 氡、 汞)观测为主, 井(泉)间距在西部地区为约200 km, 东部地区为约100 km, 首都圈地区为约50 km; ② 在天山带、 南北带、 郯庐地震带等地震潜在危险区, 新建5~6个地下流体局部观测网, 开展以捕捉M6.0以上地震的源兆与追踪其变化过程为目标的断层气体(含溶解气与土壤气)成网观测, 井(泉, 点)间距为约50 km左右, 进行突破地震短临预测的科学技术探索; ③ 在建设上述二个层次观测网时, 抓三项关键技术: 进一步完善与提升现有的数字化观测技术, 优化与规范观测井的内在质量, 发展气体、 离子、 流量等测项。 相似文献
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福建沿海、台湾海峡GPS观测分析及地球动力学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用 3期GPS联测结果所获得的福建沿海地壳水平运动信息 ,采用ITRF94全球框架为基础的GPS测站地壳运动模型及其处理软件 ,对所获得的观测数据进行处理和精度分析。得到福建省高精度的GPS测站大地坐标、边长及其位移矢量 ,其精度达到 1 7×10 - 8。计算了福建地壳运动速率、主应变率 ,东西与南北向线应变率、面应变率、剪应变率、大地转动率和最大剪应变率等值线并给出了它们的分布图象。根据多年形变和现今GPS观测资料 ,分析福建地壳垂直运动与水平运动 ,显示区域应力场优势分布特征。最后 ,对福建沿海及台湾海峡地壳动力学特征作了初步的探讨 相似文献
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Zhivanovich I. Solov’ev A. A. Efremov V. I. Miller N. O. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2020,60(7):865-871
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Two main features define a sunspot as an object: a strong magnetic field and a low umbra temperature. The same can be said about a facular knot, in the center of which... 相似文献
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Michele Caputo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1964,57(1):66-82
Summary Adopting thePizzetti-Somigliana method and using elliptic integrals we have obtained closed formulas for the space gravity field in which one of the equipotential surfaces is a triaxial ellipsoid. The same formulas are also obtained in first approximation of the equatorial flattening avoiding the use of the elliptic integrals. Using data from satellites and Earth gravity data the gravitational and geometric bulge of the Earth's equator are computed. On the basis of these results and on the basis of recent gravity data taken around the equator between the longitudes 50° to 100° E, 155° to 180° E, and 145° to 180° W, we question the advantage of using a triaxial gravity formula and a triaxial ellipsoid in geodesy. Closed formulas for the space field in which a biaxial ellipsoid is an equipotential surface are also derived in polar coordinates and its parameters are specialized to give the international gravity formula values on the international ellipsoid. The possibility to compute the Earth's dimensions from the present Earth gravity data is the discussed and the value ofMG=(3.98603×1020 cm3 sec–2) (M mass of the Earth,G gravitational constant) is computed. The agreement of this value with others computed from the mean distance Earth-Moon is discussed. The Legendre polinomials series expansion of the gravitational potential is also added. In this series the coefficients of the polinomials are closed formulas in terms of the flattening andMG.Publication Number 327, and Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica of Università di Trieste. 相似文献
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D. Zidarov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,105(1):655-668
Summary The paleomagnetic field (declination and inclination) in different geological epochs is represented through the field of the so-called magnetic dipole. The optimal dipole coordinates so obtained show that during older geological times the optimal dipole lay outside the earth's centre and moved towards and around the earth centre. It is supposed that the optimal dipole trajectory in the earth coincides with earth core trajectory. This core motion brought about a motion of the masses of the mantle in a direction opposite to the motion of the core. This in turn brought about the break-down of Pangea and the separation of the continents. The drift of the continents, the relative changing of the earth's rotational axis and many other geological and geophysical phenomena may be explained through such a motion, that is through the motion of an eccentrical core towards the earth centre. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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针对我国当前较具典型的几种地震社会心理，指出职能部门疏导、防治的工作重点，并从顺应国情、民情及国家经济体制改革的方向出发，提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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本文搜集了2001—2013年间在太行山与燕山构造带交汇部位先后布设的4个宽频带流动地震台阵和首都圈固定地震台网共192个台站记录到的全球5.5级以上远震事件波形资料,综合采用接收函数H-κ和CCP叠加分析获得了134个基岩台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比结果.综合分析与前人研究相吻合但更加精细的地壳约束分布信息,发现研究区域的地壳厚度和泊松比在整体上呈现出从西北到东南方向渐变的特征,在南北重力梯度带两侧及其附近呈现出明显的小尺度地壳结构和物质组分的差异,且可明显区分出太行山地区和燕山构造带及盆山交界处的地壳厚度与泊松比的相对差异,这可能反映了这些地区在华北克拉通的构造演化过程中所经历的不同地壳改造过程. 相似文献
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Kenneth A. Goettel 《Surveys in Geophysics》1976,2(4):369-397
Progress in understanding the condensation of planetary constituents from a solar nebula necessitates a re-examination of models for the origin and composition of the Earth. All models which appear to be viable require the Earth to have an Fe–FeS core and the full, or nearly full, solar (i.e. chondritic) K/Si ratio. The crust and upper mantle do not contain the requisite potassium for the entire Earth to have the solar K/Si ratio. Therefore, these models require that much of the Earth's potassium, about 80–90%, must be in the deep interior—in the lower mantle or in the core.The hypothesis that a substantial fraction of the Earth's potassium is in the Fe–FeS core is based on the chalcophilic behavior of potassium. Data including the stability of K2S, the occurrence of potassium in sulfide phases in meteorites and in metallurgical systems, and most importantly, experiments on potassium partitioning between solid silicates and Fe–FeS melts support this hypothesis. The present data appear to require at least several percent of the Earth's total potassium to be in the core. Incorporation of much larger amounts of potassium into the core, possibly most of the 80–90% of the Earth's potassium which is postulated to be in the deep interior, is not contradicted by the present data. Additional experimental data, at high pressures, are required before quantitative estimates of the core's potassium content can be made.It is likely that40K is a significant heat source in the core. Decay of40K is a plausible energy source to drive core convection to maintain the geomagnetic field, and to drive mantle convection and seafloor spreading. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The behavior of the correlation between the radial BR and normal BN components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the dependence on the time, the flow type of... 相似文献
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1 工作特点美国的地质学、地球物理学和海洋学家们利用他们所掌握的科学知识 (地球物理、地质和历史等方面的知识 )来确定水资源、矿产资源和能源等的状况 ,围绕如何保护环境 ,预测未来地质灾害 ,利用土地资源等问题开展工作。他们利用先进的仪器对地球和水资源进行分析研究。地质学家 ,同时也包括地球物理学家们研究地球的过去、现在和未来。例如他们研究地球运动 ,试图预报地震与火山会在何时何地发生 ,以及它们对周围地区的影响。虽然地质学、地球物理学、海洋学领域密切相关 ,但也有很大的不同。地质学家研究地球的构成、过程和历史。… 相似文献