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Repetitive gravity surveys at Pacaya Volcano from 1975 to 1979 revealed time-dependent changes in the gravity field, which although related to volcanic activity, could not be uniquely attributed to elevation changes or mass redistributions because elevation control was lacking. Elevation control was established in July 1979 using precision leveling. Relative elevation and gravity measurements in June and July of 1979, January 1980 and June 1980 indicate concurrent gravity and elevation changes contemporaneous with variations in eruptive activity. From June 1979 to January 1980, while fumarolic activity was dominant, relative to the most remote station, the volcano deflated by at least 195 mm and the gravity field increased by up to 221 μgal. From January 1980 to June 1980, preceding a Strombolian eruption beginning about June 1980, the volcano inflated by at least 19 mm and the gravity field decreased by up to 231 μgal. Gravity change maps for the intervals of January 1978 to June 1979, June 1979 to January 1980, and January 1980 to June 1980 show areas subject to repeated positive and negative gravity change. Some of those areas coincide with areas of maximum elevation change observed in the June 1979–January 1980 and January 1980–June 1980 intervals; however, gravity changes were observed in areas lacking elevation changes. Adjusting observed gravity changes for elevation changes using a free-air value of −3.086 μgal/cm does not substantially alter the pattern, position, or amplitude of the gravity changes. The relationship between gravity changes, elevation changes, and volcanic activity requires a mechanism producing gravity decreases with little inflation during times of increased eruptive activity, and producing gravity increases with subsidence during times of declining eruptive activity. Such a pattern of changes could be produced by a near-surface magma body in which high-density degassed magma is displaced volume for volume by low-density vesiculated magma during time of increased eruptive activity, and in which loss of gasses by fumarolic activity produces a density increase and a reduction in volume of the magma body during periods of declining eruptive activity. Such a pattern of changes could also be induced by a low-density, vesiculated magma body moving upward in the volcanic pile by piecemeal stoping where the high-density rocks of the volcano are replaced on a volume for volume basis by low-density magma during periods of increasing eruptive activity; and by later density increases and magma body volume reductions accompanying devolatilization and devesiculation during periods of declining eruptive activity. Simple density change and density contrast models involving shallow magma bodies at depths of 100 to 200 m indicate density changes or contrasts of about 0.4 g/cm3 could produce the gravity changes. 相似文献
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自2006年起,北京地区一些流动重力测点测值在趋势变化的基础上加速变化,昌平和顺义等测点附近重力场非均匀性变化增强。以北京昌平重力观测点为中心增加2条重力剖面观测线,并进行3期观测,分析重力场演化特征,采用地下水重力效应经验公式、自由空气改正关系式,分别改正地下水位、地壳形变对重力典型变化点的影响。研究表明：重力变化是地下水位、地壳形变影响的结果,重力剖面观测区及附近重力变化比较平稳,变化均在误差范围内,排除该异常是地震前兆异常的可能。 相似文献
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根据1990年青海共和地震震后地表垂直形变,通过模型拟合得到了支配共和地区震后形变场时空演化的形变源及其力学机制.分析穿过断层的震前1期和震后6期水准数据,结果表明震后垂直形变具有以下特征:①震后震区上盘继续发生继承性的大幅度上升,其中震后头一年上升速率最大;②震后上升区范围显著,范围随时间变化不大,但较同震形变上升区范围增大;③震后相邻测站高差观测值的时间序列明显具有对数衰减特征或指数衰减特征,衰减特征时间分别为0.165年和1.344年.本文还发展了一个利用水准数据与连续介质位错模型研究震后形变机制的新方法.该方法用相邻水准点之间的原始高差观测值而非它们相对参照点的积分值来约束连续介质位错模型,可以有效减少误差累积带来的偏差并充分利用观测数据.利用这一方法的初步分析结果表明,断层震后滑移和介质黏弹性松弛共同导致了共和地震震后形变.前者表现为发生在断层面及其延伸部分的滑移,特别是位于主破裂上方沉积层内的滑移;后者则表现为下地壳与上地幔内的黏弹性松弛,黏滞系数为1020Pa.s量级. 相似文献
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Gravity data inversion can provide valuable information on the structure of the underlying distribution of mass. The solution of the inversion of gravity data is an ill-posed problem, and many methods have been proposed for solving it using various systematic techniques. The method proposed here is a new approach based on the collocation principle, derived from the Wiener filtering and prediction theory. The natural multiplicity of the solution of the inverse gravimetric problem can be overcome only by assuming a substantially simplified model, in this case a two-layer model, i.e. with one separation surface and one density contrast only. The presence of gravity disturbance and/or outliers in the upper layer is also taken into account. The basic idea of the method is to propagate the covariance structure of the depth function of the separation surface to the covariance structure of the gravity field measured on a reference plane. This can be done since the gravity field produced by the layers is a functional (linearized) of the depth. Furthermore, in this approach, it is possible to obtain the variance of the estimation error which indicates the precision of the computed solution. The method has proved to be effective on simulated data, fulfilling the a priori hypotheses. In real cases which display the required statistical homogeneity, good preliminary solutions, useful for a further quantitative interpretation, have also been derived. A case study is discussed. 相似文献
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ＦｉｅｌｄｏｆｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｃｒｕｓｔａｌｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎＮｏｒｔｈＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅｆｅａｔｕｒｅｏｆｉｔｓｄｙｎａｍｉｃｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ王若柏，洪汉净，许忠淮，耿世昌，孙东平，韩月萍Ｒｕｏ－ＢａｉＷＡＮＧ；Ｈａｎ－ＪｉｎｇＨＯＮ... 相似文献
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以合肥地震台跨断层短水准数据,结合地区小震释放能量,分析历史测量资料在地震期间的变化,并研究辅助资料对测量资料的影响,得出:①降水可能造成敏感地块的断层形变异常,但在区域应力作用断层到一定强度时,断层形变异常仍具有一定前兆意义;②安徽地区小震释放能量与合肥地震台断层形变存在一定相关性,断层活动连续几个月持续拉张或挤压,... 相似文献
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THE COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF RECENT GRAVITY AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN NORTHEASTERN EDGE OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZHU Yi-qing LIANG Wei-feng HAO Ming ZHAO Ling-qiang HAO Qing-hua ZHANG Guo-qing LIU Lian 《地震地质》2017,39(4):768-780
In this study, we systematically analyzed the relationship between regional gravity changes, 3D crustal deformation, regional tectonic environment and strong earthquakes based on the relative gravity measurements(2011-2014), GPS data and the background vertical deformation from the leveling measurements conducted from 1970 to 2011. Subsequently, we further characterized the temporal-spatial patterns and discussed the mechanism of regional gravity changes and the crustal deformation. The results can be summarized as follows:1)The regional gravity changes, the GPS-derived horizontal deformation and the vertical deformational obtained from leveling data showed a close spatial relationship:The gravity increased along with the direction of horizontal movement, and the gravity decreased with the crustal uplift and vice versa, which reflects the inherited characteristics of neotectonic activities. 2)The crustal deformation was closely related to the active faults. The contour lines of gravity changes and vertical deformation were generally along with the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault(the strike is NWW), and the crustal horizontal deformation showed left-lateral strike slip motion near the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault. 3)The strong earthquakes usually occur in the active faults where intensive gravity change and vertical and/or horizontal deformation occurred. The extrusion deformation, surface compression rate and gravity changes were obvious near the epicenter of 2016 Menyuan earthquake. The 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake occurred in the direction-turning area of intense gravity gradient zone and the transitional area of surface compression and vertical deformation. The first author of this paper has made a medium-term forecast before the Minxian and Menyuan earthquakes, especially the location of the earthquake. Based on the above understandings, we emphasized that:there are still possibilities of strong or huge earthquakes within medium-long term in the areas of crustal deformation anomalies in the study region. 相似文献
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Numerical Studies on the Harmonic Downward Continuation of Band-Limited Airborne Gravity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In this paper, the numerical stability and efficiency of methods of harmonic downward continuation from flying altitudes are treated for sampled gravity field data. The problem is first formulated in its continuous form, i.e. as the inverse solution of the spherical Dirichlet problem, and is then approximated by Gaussian quadrature to yield a finite system of linear equations. The numerical stability of this system is investigated for both error-free gravity data and for the noisy and band-limited gravity measurements usually obtained from airborne gravity surveys. It can be shown that the system becomes ill-conditioned, once the ratio between flying altitude and data sampling rate exceeds a certain limit. It can also be shown that noisy measurements tend to generate a solution that is practically useless, long before the system becomes ill-conditioned. Therefore, instead of treating the general solution of the discrete downward continuation problem, the more modest question is studied, for which range of flying altitudes and sampling rates, the numerical solution of the discrete linear system can be considered as practically useful. Practically useful will be defined heuristically as of sufficient accuracy and stability to satisfy the requirements of the user. The question will be investigated for the specific application of geoid computation from gravity data sampled at flying altitudes. In this case, a stable solution with a standard deviation of a few centimeters is required. Typical flight parameters are heights of 2–6 km, a minimum half-wavelength resolution of 2 km, and data noise between 0.5 and 1.5 mGal. Different methods of geoid determination, different solution techniques for the resulting systems of linear equations, and different minimization principles will be compared. As a result operational parameters will be defined which, for a given noise level, will result in a geoid accuracy of a few centimeters for the estimated band-limited gravity field spectrum. 相似文献
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位场向下与向上延拓之间存在固有的内在联系,向上延拓解算具有稳定可靠的优良特性,本文据此提出了借助向上延拓信息实现航空重力向下延拓稳定解算的两种方法,分别建立了点对点向下解析延拓模型和最小二乘向下解析延拓模型.其核心思想是,依据泰勒级数展开模型,将位场向下延拓解算过程转换为向上延拓计算和垂向偏导数解算两个步骤,通过第一步的处理有效抑制数据观测噪声对解算结果的干扰,通过第二步的处理成功实现向下延拓反问题的稳定解算,较好地解决了向下延拓解算固有的不适定性问题.分析研究了两种解析延拓模型的计算精度及适用条件,利用超高阶位模型EGM2008建立的模拟标准场数据对两种模型解算结果的合理性和有效性进行了数值验证,证明本文新方法实用易行,具有较高的应用价值. 相似文献
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Repeated high precision gravity measurement have already played an important role in the detection of crustal deformation in Canada and elsewhere, but even more useful results can be expected through more widespread use of gravity in combination with other techniques. The crucial element in the process is the development of a good physical model on which the experiment can be based. Otherwise, considerable time and effort can be spent on determining the most appropriate field strategy.New technical developments on the horizon appear to offer enhanced opportunities for gravity studies of crustal processes. The coming availability of the Global Positioning System and transportable absolute gravimeters will open up the possibility of regional studies (i.e., areas of the order of 100 km or perhaps greater) of crustal movements at reasonable cost.Within Africa the development of an African Gravity Standardization Net will be a major first step in any program to provide a better understanding of the neo-tectonic framework of this vast continent. 相似文献
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本文在处理１９６７年以的多期长水准及１９７７年以来多个跨断层短水准，短基线场地数据的基础上分析了三叉口地区的地壳垂直形变，在整个南北构造带上为一上升区，形变速率不高，该地区垂直活动表现为山区相对上升，平原或分别地相对下沉，跨断层的短水准短基线变化，表明该区处在张性应力场中，本文还特别分析了１９８９年石棉５．３级地震的震前，震时又震后的地壳形变特征，并发现类似石棉地震前的及在泸定一石棉间的德妥一带有 相似文献
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When gravimetric data observations have outliers, using standard least squares (LS) estimation will likely give poor accuracies
and unreliable parameter estimates. One of the typical approaches to overcome this problem consists of using the robust estimation
techniques. In this paper, we modified the robust estimator of Gervini and Yohai (2002) called REWLSE (Robust and Efficient Weighted Least Squares Estimator), which combines simultaneously high statistical efficiency
and high breakdown point by replacing the weight function by a new weight function. This method allows reducing the outlier
impacts and makes more use of the information provided by the data. In order to adapt this technique to the relative gravity
data, weights are computed using the empirical distribution of the residuals obtained initially by the LTS (Least Trimmed
Squares) estimator and by minimizing the mean distances relatively to the LS-estimator without outliers. The robustness of
the initial estimator is maintained by adapted cut-off values as suggested by the REWLSE method which allows also a reasonable
statistical efficiency. Hereafter we give the advantage and the pertinence of REWLSE procedure on real and semi-simulated
gravity data by comparing it with conventional LS and other robust approaches like M- and MM-estimators. 相似文献
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口镇-关山断层的活动特征及其与地震关系分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对口镇—关山断裂带各跨断层测段高差变化、站差分析、速率变化及其合成作了分析探讨,同时还进行了小波变换分析,并对三原井水位和跨断层垂直形变作相关分析,研究探讨了该断层异常活动特征及其映震关系。 相似文献
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利用青藏高原东北缘2011-2015年期间的流动重力观测资料,系统分析了区域重力场变化及其与2016年1月21日青海门源MS6.4地震发生的关系,结合GNSS、水准观测成果和区域地质构造动力环境,进一步研究了区域重力场变化的时空分布特征及其机理.结果表明：（1）测区内重力场异常变化与祁连山断裂带在空间上关系密切,反映沿祁连山断裂带（段）在2011-2015年期间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的构造活动或变形.（2）门源MS6.4地震前,测区内先出现了较大空间范围的区域性重力异常,到临近发震前显示出相对闭锁的现象,且围绕震中区周围出现四象限分布特征的局部重力变化,地震发生在重力反向变化过程中,并出现显著的四象限分布特征的重力异常变化,其中,青海门源与甘肃天祝一带重力差异变化达100×10-8m·s-2以上.（3）区域重力场动态演化大体反映了青藏高原东北缘物质北东流的动态效应,门源震中附近区域地壳受挤压变形显著、面压缩率和重力剧烈变化的特征最为显著.（4）重力场的空间分布及其随时间变化与地壳垂直与水平运动及地质构造活动等观测结果有一定的对应关系,强震易发生在重力变化四象限分布中心地带或正、负异常区过渡的高梯度带上. 相似文献
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永久散射体干涉测量技术可以克服常规干涉方法在区域地表形变测量中的雷达信号失相关和大气延迟影响. 本文对基于永久散射体的干涉处理全过程进行了分析, 基于差分相位的两个主要特性: 沉降信号时序相关、地形相位与空间基线成比例, 提出构建PS网络, 并采用间接观测平差法估计沉降速度网和高程修正网的全局最优解. 实验选取上海地区近10年间的ERS-1/2卫星C波段SAR数据进行干涉处理, 在永久散射体上分离形变信号、高程修正和大气分量, 并最终提取上海地区高分辨率地面沉降速度场, PS结果与地面精密观测成果吻合较好. 相似文献
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应用芦山MS7.0地震震中附近跨断层及连续形变观测资料, 分析了芦山地震前不同阶段地形变变化的特点, 讨论了震中附近区域异常时空演化过程. 结果表明: ① 自2013年1月起, 沿鲜水河断裂带一些跨断层基线观测到显著的加速转折变化, 沿安宁河、 则木河断裂带个别场地的跨断层水准基线, 2010年以来出现的巨幅异常等是突出的场兆变化; 沿龙门山断裂带一些水准观测在汶川MS8.0地震后持续的调整变化具有近震源区变形特征. ② 鲜水河、 龙门山和安宁河3条主要断裂围成的三叉口地区, 地倾斜、 应变、 重力及断层水准和蠕变观测临震前均未有显著的异常变化, GPS水平、 垂直位移年速率最小, 该地区是形变变化或形变异常分布的“空区”. ③ 在对近场与远场多种连续形变数据通过傅里叶变换提取年周期成分后发现, 临震前2—3年近震源区域的地倾斜、 重力年变化幅度不是增大, 而是减小. 芦山MS7.0地震前观测到的形变前兆现象特征与汶川MS8.0地震等震前的前兆现象较为接近. 因此, 芦山地震前近震源区及外围形变异常分布特征不是个别的现象. 相似文献