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余震精定位资料显示,芦山7.0级地震破裂面可能为弯曲程度较高的三维弯曲断层.相关研究显示,这种弯曲断层的位错方式和破裂面同震应力加卸载模式与普通平直断层有明显不同.文中采用无限半空间位错模型模拟显示,隐伏弯曲断层和平直逆断层引起的地表位移特征相似,但是弯曲断层引起的地表水平位移更接近区域整体的地壳缩短方向,缩短方向水平位移的量明显高于同等规模的平直逆断层,因此能更好地传递断层上盘大范围物质的水平运动.相对于平直断层,弯曲断层下盘水平位移随距离衰减十分明显.同等规模的弯曲断层导致的同震地表抬升小于平直逆断层或左旋逆断层引起的同震抬升,但能造成更明显的地表下降.由于地震规模较小,GPS等低密度空间分布的形变观测可能无法有效分辨芦山地震震源结构是否为弯曲断层.对震源结构的细节研究,还有待于利用高空间密度和高分辨率的形变观测资料. 相似文献
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2021年5月22日青海玛多发生MS7.4地震,震源断层错动在地表形成了长达160 km的同震地表破裂。可靠的地震地表破裂带参数是研究震源断层活动机制和评价地震危险性的重要基础。采用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术可以获得高精度的点云数据并产出DOM和DEM数据。通过跨破裂带的地形测量,获取了玛多MS7.4地震同震地表变形的垂直位移、水平缩短量和水平拉张量等参数。测量结果显示,玛多MS7.4地震发震断层在不同破裂段具有不同性质和大小的倾滑分量,其中具有压扭性质的野马滩观测点断层垂直位移为0.69～1.01 m,倾向水平缩短量为0.17～0.41 m,倾滑位移为0.71～1.09 m;具有张扭性质的朗玛加合日段断层垂直位移为0.34～0.54 m,倾向水平拉张量为1.99～2.08 m。 相似文献
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2020年7月22日,在美国阿拉斯加半岛南部发生了一次M W7.8地震.本文利用远场地震波形记录与近场GPS台站同震位移资料,反演了本次地震震源机制和震源破裂过程.结果表明:阿拉斯加地震为一震源深度为23 km,地震断层倾角约17°,破裂面上最大的同震位移达到914 cm的逆冲型地震.由此得到该地震的地震矩为6.94×10^20 N·m,地震震级为M W7.8.此外,破裂并非简单的以震源为中心对称分布,此次地震的破裂方向和余震分布,大体上均呈SW向延伸的趋势.本次地震破裂了舒马金空区东段,结合板块汇聚速率和断层闭锁程度计算结果表明,舒马金地震空区东段有发生8级地震的潜在危险.在地震复发周期上,舒马金西段与东段有不同的间隔,两者可能处于不同的地震周期阶段. 相似文献
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本研究利用西藏台网记录的波形数据,采用gCAP方法反演了2015年4月25日尼泊尔MS8.1大震5次中等余震(5.0≤MS≤6.5)及西藏定日MS5.9地震震源机制解.结果显示,6次地震包含2个正断、2个走滑及2个逆冲型地震.其中2个正断型地震位于主震的东北方向,即发震断层的上盘,表明该区域受到主震同震位移的影响,表现出应力拉张的变化特征;2个走滑型地震在主震破裂的东南方向上,说明随着破裂往东南方向延伸,余震的走滑分量增强;另外2个逆冲型地震位于5月12日MS7.5强余震区域,与MS7.5地震的滑移状态一致,可能与主震同震位移引起该区域处于应力挤压状态密切相关.这些结果表明,尼泊尔MS8.1主震发生后,由于同震位移的影响,不同区域处于不同的应力状态,从而使中等余震表现出不同的震源类型. 相似文献
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近震源破裂过程反演研究--Ⅱ.9.21中国台湾集集地震破裂过程的近场反演 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据非线性规划研究的最新成果所设计的一种全新的震源破裂过程的反演方法, 用近场地震波观测资料反演了1999年9月21日发生在中国台湾省集集Mw7.6地震震源破裂过程.为了使反演中设置的断层模型与集集地震实际破裂面尽可能一致, 以尽可能减小由于断层模型设置的不确定性对震源破裂过程反演结果的影响, 设立的断层模型为与集集地震造成的主要地表破裂尽可能拟合的弯曲面模型.反演结果显示: (1) 集集地震震源的破裂大体持续了32 s, 其中主要破裂发生在第6～27 s间, 破裂主要集中发生在断层北段向东拐弯处.(2) 震源破裂以逆冲为主, 平均滑动角为64.5°, 与USGS, Harvard及CWB(台湾中央气象局)的结果相当.标量地震矩为7.76×1020牛顿米, 稍大于USGS和Harvard反演的标量地震矩.(3) 集集地震震源的破裂存在清晰的成核过程, 成核过程经历6 s后, 地震矩释放明显加速.起始破裂从断层南段开始, 10 s后破裂主要集中在断层北段发生.最后将反演结果与震后GPS观测结果进行了对照分析, 并对反演结果的科学意义进行了讨论. 相似文献
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2018年1月23日美国阿拉斯加湾科迪亚克岛东南280 km发生M_W 7.9级走滑地震,地震震中位于太平洋板块.震源机制解显示地震破裂面是走向东西(左旋)或走向南北(右旋)的高倾角断层,美国地震调查局(USGS)和中国地震局(CEA)分别发布了走向东西和南北的破裂模型.随着同震GPS数据的发布、余震数据的积累和对区域地质构造的了解,提供了更多资料来约束发震面,我们通过建立全球横向非均匀并行椭球型地球弹性模型,计算此次阿拉斯加湾大地震产生的同震形变、库仑应力变化以讨论上述破裂模型的差别.初步计算结果表明:USGS模型计算的最大地表水平位移约为4.5 m,CEA模型计算的最大水平位移约为3 m, USGS模型计算结果和GPS观测吻合更好;采用最优破裂面投影,计算USGS模型和CEA模型引起的库仑应力变化,分别有92.3%和72.7%的余震落在库仑应力大于0.01 MPa区域;在地质构造上,USGS给出的阿拉斯加地震节面与海底断层走向一致,但余震分布呈现出共轭条带分布,指示了地震破裂过程的复杂性.从静态应力转移角度,本次地震引起了科迪亚克破裂段(Kodiak Segment)的库仑应力增加最大0.01 MPa,加速了未来地震发生的可能性. 相似文献
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搜集了1900-2013年间发生在中国大陆及其邻区的震源机制解资料,详细整理了其中的70个7级及以上大震的震源参数、地表破裂带和地表位移资料。根据资料的完整程度将地震分成三类：A类存在地表破裂和地表位移观测资料;B类存在地表破裂资料,但缺少地表位移观测数据;C类缺少地表破裂带和地表位移观测资料。对B类和C类缺少地表位移观测数据的地震,利用三角形模型模拟其位移分布。再根据地表位移分布及地震破裂带与本文使用网格模型之间的位置关系将地震分段。最后,利用分段前、后的地震数据和改进的双三次样条方法反演研究区域的形变场模型。结果表明：①大震资料的分段处理改进了地震数据的反演结果,提高了反演模型的合理性和空间一致性;在喜马拉雅断裂带,形变场具有更好的连续性,其变形特征与地质等数据的反演结果基本吻合;塔里木盆地和阿尔金断裂的形变量减小,与该区域较低的地震活动性一致;戈壁—阿尔泰的变形从SE的挤压和ＮＥ的拉张调整到NE的挤压和NW的拉张;鄂尔多斯西缘的拉张分量明显减小。②113年的地震资料解释了印度板块向欧亚板块运动总速率的30～50%,存在20mm/a左右的速度亏损,该亏损量可能包括断层蠕动、褶皱等非震形变,未监测到或者缺失的地震,及以弹性应变能形式存在通过潜在地震释放的应变。 相似文献
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搜集了1900-2013年间发生在中国大陆及其邻区的震源机制解资料,详细整理了其中的70个7级及以上大震的震源参数、地表破裂带和地表位移资料。根据资料的完整程度将地震分成三类: A类存在地表破裂和地表位移观测资料; B类存在地表破裂资料,但缺少地表位移观测数据;C类缺少地表破裂带和地表位移观测资料。对B类和C类缺少地表位移观测数据的地震,利用三角形模型模拟其位移分布。再根据地表位移分布及地震破裂带与本文使用网格模型之间的位置关系将地震分段。最后,利用分段前、后的地震数据和改进的双三次样条方法反演研究区域的形变场模型。结果表明:①大震资料的分段处理改进了地震数据的反演结果,提高了反演模型的合理性和空间一致性;在喜马拉雅断裂带,形变场具有更好的连续性,其变形特征与地质等数据的反演结果基本吻合;塔里木盆地和阿尔金断裂的形变量减小,与该区域较低的地震活动性一致;戈壁一阿尔泰的变形从SE的挤压和NE的拉张调整到NE的挤压和NW的拉张;鄂尔多斯西缘的拉张分量明显减小。②113年的地震资料解释了印度板块向欧亚板块运动总速率的30~50%,存在20 mm/a左右的速度亏损,该亏损量可能包括断层蠕动、褶皱等非震形变,未监测到或者缺失的地震,及以弹性应变能形式存在通过潜在地震释放的应变 相似文献
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昆仑山MS81地震的已有研究结果在破裂带长度、破裂面方向、破裂面大小等震源破裂特征参数方面存在较大差异.本文采用D-InSAR技术首次获得昆仑山MS81地震干涉同震形变场，结合野外科学考察的实测值，进行了主破裂带InSAR视线向变化量的分解，通过对InSAR分解结果、野外科学考察、遥感解译等多源数据综合分析，重新划分了昆仑山地震的次级破裂段.进而通过对地震南北盘同震应变的分析，发现了昆仑山地震的南北两盘分别受挤压和拉张两种应力作用，研究表明多种岩石在拉张和压力作用下其最小主应力下的杨氏模量表现出非线性弹性特征，从而提出对昆仑山地震地表位移及震源特征参数分析时应考虑非线弹性介质导致的非线性弹性位移分布特征.基于上述原因，本文对Okada线弹性位错模型的算法进行了改进，提出了“多震源、非均一位错分量、多破裂段叠加”的线弹性模型，该模型模拟出的形变场干涉纹图较好地体现了地震形变场的分布特征，并由此获得了一套较为完整的地震发震断层的几何学特征参数，为破裂带长度、破裂面方向、破裂面大小等震源破裂特征参数研究提供了较好的解释. 相似文献
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《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2006,241(1-2):336-350
We investigated the fault geometry effects and the corresponding coseismic slip distribution using various proposed earthquake fault models for the Chi-Chi earthquake of 21 September 1999. The types of fault geometries are threefold: a simple planar fault plane, a two segmented planar fault plane and a three dimensional (3D) curved fault surface rupture propagation model. We derived the estimated spatial slip distribution from an inversion analysis of GPS coseismic displacement data and show that the 3D fault model is the preferred solution. The simple and segmented fault models lead to significant artificial slip distributions associated with the pre-defined fault geometry and the spatial distribution of GPS stations. The spatial distribution of coseismic slip deduced from the 3D fault model has three observable features: (1) the overall slip is concentrated at depth of less than 12 km, which may well correspond to a shallow-dipping detachment; (2) the maximum slip of about 10 m is located 45 km to the north of the epicenter; and (3) the slip vector is dominated by the dip-slip component. In addition, the results from the inversion of GPS data are consistent with those from the inversion analysis of teleseismic broadband data. A resolution analysis, further, demonstrates that the results are highly correlated with field GPS data studies when we used synthetic test data. The inversion of spatially distributed GPS data is highly sensitive to fault geometry. We conclude that the use of the 3D fault model is not only necessary but also certainly competent enough to well explain the inferred slip style and the observed static coseismic displacements. 相似文献
12.
《Journal of Geodynamics》2008,46(4-5):163-168
The reactivation of the Chelungpu fault triggered the 20 September 1999 Chi-Chi Taiwan earthquake (Mw = 7.6) which caused a 100-km long surface rupture that trends north–south. We reconstruct the fault geometry using 1068 planar triangular dislocation elements that approximate more realistically the curved three-dimensional fault surface. The fault slip distribution is then determined with the observed GPS coseismic displacements as well as interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. The results show that our smooth 3D fault slip model has improved the fit to the geodetic data by 44% compared with the previously published inversions. The slip distribution obtained both by inversion of GPS data only and by joint inversion of GPS and InSAR data indicates that notable slips occur on the sub-horizontal décollement at the depth of 6.1–8.9 km. 相似文献
13.
Abstract The 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan ( M w = 7.6) produced a surface rupture along the north–south-striking Chelungpu thrust fault with pure dip-slip (east side up) and left lateral strike-slip displacements. Near-field strong-motion data for the northern part of the fault illustrate a distinct lack of the high-frequency seismic radiation associated with a large slip (10–15 m) and a rapid slip velocity (2–4 m/s), suggesting a smooth seismic slip associated with low dynamic frictional resistance on the fault. A drillhole was constructed at shallow depths in the possible fault zones of the northern part of the Chelungpu Fault, which may have slipped during the 1999 earthquake. One of the zones consists of a 20-cm-thick, unconsolidated fault breccia with a chaotic texture lacking both discrete slip surfaces (e.g. Riedel shears) and grain crushing. Other possible fault zones are marked by the narrow (less than a few centimeters) gouge zone in which clayey material intrudes into the damaged zone outside of the gouge zone. These characteristic fault rock textures suggest that the slip mechanisms at shallow levels during the earthquake involved either granular flow of initially unconsolidated material or slip localization under elevated pore pressure along the narrow clayey gouge zone. Because both mechanisms lead to low dynamic frictional resistance on the fault, the rapid seismic slip in the deep portions of the fault (i.e. the source region of strong-motion radiation) could have been accommodated by frictionless slip on the shallow portions of the fault. The combination of strong-motion data and fault rock analysis suggests that smooth slip associated with low dynamic friction occurred on both the deep and shallow portions of the fault, resulting in a large slip between the source region and the surface in the northern region. 相似文献
14.
Coseismic deformation of the 2021 MW7.4 Maduo earthquake from joint inversion of InSAR,GPS, and teleseismic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chaoya Liu Ling Bai Shunying Hong Yanfang Dong Yong Jiang Hongru Li Huili Zhan Zhiwen Chen 《地震科学（英文版）》2021,34(5):436-446
The MW7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on 22 May 2021 at 02:04 CST with a large-expansion surface rupture. This earthquake was located in the Bayan Har block at the eastern Tibetan Plateau, where eight earthquakes of MS >7.0 have occurred in the past 25 years. Here, we combined interferometric synthetic aperture radar, GPS, and teleseismic data to study the coseismic slip distribution, fault geometry, and dynamic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake. We found that the overall coseismic deformation field of the Maduo earthquake is distributed in the NWW-SEE direction along 285°. There was slight bending at the western end and two branches at the eastern end. The maximum slip is located near the eastern bending area on the northern branch of the fault system. The rupture nucleated on the Jiangcuo fault and propagated approximately 160 km along-strike in both the NWW and SEE directions. The characteristic source rupture process of the Maduo earthquake is similar to that of the 2010 MW6.8 Yushu earthquake, indicating that similar earthquakes with large-expansion surface ruptures and small shallow slip deficits can occur on both the internal fault and boundary fault of the Bayan Har block. 相似文献
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利用于田震中300 km范围内的1个GPS连续站和12个GPS流动站数据，解算得到了2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震地表同震位移，并反演了发震断层滑动分布，探讨此次地震对周边断裂的影响.地表同震位移结果显示，GPS观测到的同震位移范围在平行发震断裂带的北东-南西向约210 km，垂直发震断裂带的北西-南东方向约为120 km，同震位移量大于10 mm的测站位于震中距约120 km以内；同震位移特征整体表现为北东-南西方向的左旋走滑和北西-南东方向的拉张特征，其中在北东-南西方向，I069测站位移最大，约为32.1 mm，在北西-南东方向，XJYT测站位移最大，约为28.1 mm；位错反演结果表明，最大滑动位于北纬36.05°，东经82.60°，位于深部约16.6 km，最大错动量为2.75 m，反演震级为MW7.0，同震错动呈椭圆形分布，以左旋走滑为主并具有正倾滑分量，两者最大比值约为2.5：1，同震错动延伸至地表，并向北东方向延伸，总破裂长度约50 km，地表最大错动约1.0 m；同震水平位移场模拟结果显示贡嘎错断裂、康西瓦断裂和普鲁断裂等不同位置主应变特征具有差异性，这种差异特征是否影响断裂带以及周围区域的应力构造特征，值得关注. 相似文献
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联合近场GPS测站1-Hz运动学位移、 强震仪加速度波形和全球台站P震相波形作为约束, 以时空滑动分布约束条件和ABIC模型参数选择方法, 结合先验的滑动方向变化范围, 反演2008年汶川MS8.0地震的震源时空破裂过程, 给出了能够综合反映震源破裂过程的统一模型。 结果表明, 汶川地震总体上存在4个主要的破裂区, 最主要的一个破裂区位于震源东北40~120 km, 断层面上的最大位错量约为10 m, 主体滑动分布在2~20 km深度范围, 破裂达到地表; 第二个主体破裂区位于断层破裂带南段, 最大滑动量达到6 m; 另外2个主体滑动区位于断层破裂带北段, 但滑动破裂量小于断层南段破裂区的滑动量, 滑动破裂值最大值为4 m, 超过1 m的区域在走向上超过70 km。 反演得到的断层滑动模型的地震矩为9.5×1021 Nm, 相应的矩震级为MW7.95。 汶川地震破裂表现为单侧破裂, 起始破裂在汶川下方16 km深度, 向东北方向一致性地传播, 过程持续~120 s。 在地震发生后0~10 s内, 破裂集中在震源起始破裂区, 滑动破裂值为~1.0 m, 之后破裂向东北方向扩展, 震后20~40 s是主要的破裂时段。 在40~60 s, 破裂跨越断层南段和北段。 在80~90 s破裂最大值开始下降, 在100~110 s时, 下降为~0.5 m, 在110~120 s时, 下降为~0.1 m。 加入近场GPS测站1-Hz 波形数据与近场强震仪波形和远场长周期体波联合反演, 提高了震源破裂模型的空间分辨率, 特别是浅部滑动破裂区的分辨率, 反演的最大滑动破裂值比不用1-Hz 波形数据反演的结果增大, 表明近场1-Hz GPS波形数据对于揭示汶川地震的时空破裂过程具有重要的作用。 相似文献
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利用P、SH、SV波的初动及振幅比获得2001年4月至2012年8月山东及附近区域132次地震震源机制解,对该区域地震断层的错动性质及地壳应力场特征进行分析.结果表明,山东及附近区域地震断层错动的基本方向为北东向和北西向,错动方式以走向滑动为主,部分为斜向滑动.分区研究表明：聊考断裂带附近区域所受挤压作用相对较强,逆断型地震破裂较多;胶东半岛及北侧海域所受拉张作用略占优势,逆断型地震破裂较少;沂沭断裂带南部附近区域逆断型与正断型的地震破裂所占比例差别不大. 相似文献
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利用现代空间大地测量技术，尤其是卫星合成孔径雷达干涉测量，能够获取高精度、高空间分辨率的同震和孕震形变，为地震断层形变和破裂机制研究提供了前所未有的机遇。本文介绍了利用大地测量观测数据反演地震断层位错模型参数的贝叶斯反演方法。联合运用2008汶川大地震前后GNSS和InSAR技术观测获得的同震位移，反演了地震断层的几何参数和滑动位错分布。研究结果表明，汶川地震的断层滑动主要集中在倾角较陡的浅部，同时包含逆冲和右旋走滑，其中最大逆冲6.1m，最大右旋6.5m。根据断层滑动分布正演计算得到的上盘同震位移明显小于下盘，预示该断层两侧孕震形变可能存在较大的不对称性。 相似文献
19.
GPS data from Crustal Movement Observation Network of China (CMONOC) are used to derive far-field co-seismic displacements induced by the Mw 9.0 Tohoku Earthquake. Significant horizontal displacements about 30 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm were caused by this large event in northeast China, north China, and on the Korean peninsula respectively. Vectors of relatively large horizontal displacements with dominant east components pointed to the epicenter of this earthquake. The east components show an exponential decay with the longitude, which is characteristic of the decay of the co-seismic horizontal displacements associated with earthquakes of thrust rupture. The exponential fit of the east components shows that the influence of the co-seismic displacements can be detected by GPS at a distance of about 3200 km from the epicenter of the earthquake. By considering the capability of the far field displacements for constraining the inversion of the fault slip model of the earthquake, we use spherically stratified Earth models to simulate the co-seismic displacements induced by this event. Using computations and comparisons, we discuss the effects of parameters of layered Earth models on the results of dislocation modeling. Comparisons of the modeled and observed displacements show that far field GPS observations are effective for constraining the fault slip model. The far field horizontal displacements observed by GPS are used to modify the slips and seismic moments of fault slip models. The result of this work is applicable as a reference for other researchers to study seismic source rupture and crustal deformation. 相似文献
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On 11 May 2011, a M w ?=?5.1 earthquake shook the town of Lorca (SE Spain) causing a disproportionately large damage for its magnitude. In order to contribute to knowledge of the behavior of the active faults present in the region and define the parameters which control their motion, we made a detailed study of the rupture process of this earthquake from inversion of body waves at regional and teleseismic distances. Ground motion displacements obtained in this way are in agreement with near-field strong motion data and GPS observations recorded in Lorca. We have obtained a partly bilateral rupture propagating to WSW (238°, 54°, 59°) with 27 cm of maximum slip and shallow focus (4 km). The fault plane orientation corresponds to that of the Cejo de los Enamorados Fault located NE of the Lorca town and parallel to the Alhama de Murcia Fault. The distribution of slip on the fault plane can explain the lack of any observed surface rupture as we found that the rupture started at 4-km depth along a plane dipping at 54°, with motion propagating upward to stop at 1.5 km below the surface. The strong motion and GPS data recorded near the epicenter are in agreement with the maximum slip on the fault. Directivity effects and the extreme shallowness of the rupture could explain the considerable damage that the earthquake caused in the town of Lorca. 相似文献