共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
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环太湖地区经济发达,人口密集,近年来面临严重的富营养化、生境退化和外来水生物种入侵等环境问题.为明确环太湖地区河道和湖泊沿岸带水生植物多样性现状,于2018年开展本地和外来水生植物多样性调查.结果表明:(1)在环太湖地区共计进行65个群落样方调查分析,记录到38种水生植物,分属22科29属;(2)环太湖地区31个河道样方中入侵沉水植物水盾草重要值最高,其次为另一种入侵漂浮植物凤眼蓝,在34个湖泊沿岸带样方中凤眼蓝重要值最高;(3)环太湖地区河道和湖泊沿岸带样方生物多样性分别随着水盾草和凤眼蓝盖度的增加而降低,表明外来入侵植物影响水生植物生物多样性.环太湖地区湖泊需加强防范凤眼蓝漂浮生长分布范围扩大和水盾草沿河道入侵太湖湖区.这一地区同时面对水生植物覆盖面积减少和外来植物入侵问题,建议进行全太湖流域水生植物分布区域和生物多样性摸底普查,加强对外来入侵植物传播的监控,建立水生植物自然保护区. 相似文献
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多数恶性入侵水生植物都是克隆植物,阐明克隆整合属性对其潜在入侵性的影响对了解其入侵机制具有重要意义.以喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)为研究对象,研究其克隆整合(匍匐茎连接)对入侵本地黄花水龙(Ludwigia peploides)种群时的光合性能、生长、竞争力和资源分配的影响,探讨克隆整合对该植物入侵性的贡献.结果表明,竞争显著降低了喜旱莲子草的光系统Ⅱ最大量子产量、总生物量、分株数和总匍匐茎长;但克隆整合却显著促进了竞争环境中喜旱莲子草的生长,提高了其光合特性、根冠比以及对本地物种的竞争力,因而有利于其入侵性的增强. 相似文献
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长江流域外来鲟的养殖规模庞大,养殖逃逸成为外来鲟进入长江流域的主要途径,影响本地鲟种群生存。根据世界鱼类数据库(FishBase),10种主要养殖的外来鲟中,西伯利亚鲟已被列为德国和奥地利的入侵物种,匙吻鲟已被列为白俄罗斯的入侵物种。为了评估长江流域外来鲟的入侵风险,量化流域内入侵风险最高的外来鲟的适生区,本文使用水生物种入侵性筛查工具(AS-ISK)评估10种主要养殖的外来鲟和5种相关鱼类(虹鳟、尼罗罗非鱼、斑点叉尾鮰、鲮和丁鱥)的入侵风险;使用最大熵算法,基于当前和未来时期(2021—2040年)气候模式下的生物气候变量以及海拔,对于入侵评分最高的外来鲟在流域内的适生区进行预测与分析。结果表明,匙吻鲟在外来鲟中入侵评分最高,表明其在长江流域入侵风险最高。适生区预测时,最热季降水量、年降水量、最热月份最高温度、最冷月份最低温度、昼夜温差的月平均值和降水季节性变异系数是影响匙吻鲟在长江流域分布的主要变量。当前时期,匙吻鲟在长江流域中下游地区具有较大范围的适生区,主要包含湖南、湖北、安徽和江西等省份的部分地区,其中Ⅲ级适生区(高适生区)面积约为2996.8 km2;... 相似文献
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三峡库区的入侵鱼类及库区蓄水对外来鱼类入侵的影响初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
三峡水库已于2010年10月完成175 m的蓄水目标,蓄水后三峡库区形成一个生态位严重空缺的人造湖泊生态系统.近年来,库区及长江上游外来入侵鱼类呈增长态势,已发现外来入侵鱼类23种,且部分已处于种群数量暴发阶段.水库蓄水初期营养盐输入增加和初级生产力的提高通常也利于广适性鱼类和外来种的生存,对外来鱼类的入侵和种群数量的扩散暴发产生一定的促进作用.外来鱼类在生态位竞争上与土著鱼类相比处于明显优势地位,可能将严重危害三峡库区的渔业资源及其水域生态系统的安全.因此,对于三峡库区的鱼类入侵及其所带来的相关效应等问题,应引起密切关注和重视,尽早建立三峡库区入侵鱼类的预警和防治体系,严格评估人为引种活动,深入研究外来鱼类得以成功入侵的原因与机理. 相似文献
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消落区是河流、湖泊和水库因阶段性或长期性的水位涨落而反复淹没或出露而形成的一种特殊的季节性湿地.消落区植被在维持水陆生态系统的动态平衡、生物多样性、生态安全及生态服务功能等方面发挥着重要作用.通过样方法调查分析了海南松涛水库消落区植物组成、区系特点以及群落分布特征.结果显示：松涛水库消落区共有维管植物40科101属115种，其中被子植物36科97属111种，蕨类植物4科4属4种.植物区系以热带性为主，外来入侵种较多，且既耐水淹又耐干旱植物众多；群落以草本、灌木植物为主，乔木较少且大多以幼苗形式存在.主要群落类型为以铺地黍（Panicum repens）为优势种的复合群落，个别区域零散分布有美洲蟛蜞菊（Wedelia trilobata）、光荚含羞草（Mimosa sepiaria）、猪屎豆（Crotalaria pallida）、马松子（Melochia corchorifolia）、假臭草（Praxelis clematidea）和铺地黍等单优群落.消落区不同海拔区间群落分布存在明显差异，物种多样性从高到低呈显著递减趋势.研究结果可为松涛水库消落区植被恢复工作提供科学指导. 相似文献
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淀山湖水生维管束植物群落研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
论述了淀山湖水生维管束植物的种类组成、分布、群落类型、群落的数量特征及演替。结果是:（1）湖中分布有26种水生维管束植物,隶属16科,21属;其优势种为苦草、菹草、马来眼子菜、芦苇等。（2）湖中水生植被呈不规则环带状分布,并可划分为挺水、浮叶、沉水三个植物带,12个主要水生维管束植物群落。（3）水生维管束植物的重要值以苦草最大,茨藻属植物最小。（4）淀山湖水生维管束植物群落有由沉水型向浮叶型、挺水型或漂浮型过渡的趋势。 相似文献
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太湖贡湖湾水生植被分布现状(2012年) 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
贡湖湾是无锡和苏州两市的重要水源地,随着近些年太湖水质的急速恶化,贡湖湾蓝藻暴发现象日益严重,危及饮水安全.为提供贡湖湾水资源管理的理论依据,于2012年开展贡湖湾水生植被野外调查.对8个断面进行为期5天的调查,结果表明:(1)共记录贡湖湾水生植物20科27属34种,单子叶植物和沉水植物分别为优势分类群和生态型;(2)贡湖湾水生植被分布区面积占总水域面积的45.35%,为典型半草型湖泊;(3)共有8种水生植物群落分布,其中马来眼子菜群落分布区面积和生物量最大;(4)贡湖湾水生植被总体表现出北部无水生植被分布,东部生物量高、群落及物种组成复杂,其他区域生物量小、群落组成单一的分布格局.水质恶化和插网捕鱼对贡湖湾水生植被分布现状存在影响,过度清淤可能是造成北部水域裸露的原因.结合贡湖湾水生植被分布现状分析结果,建议在贡湖湾水生植被管理中要开展北部裸水区植被修复,促进湾口区域马来眼子菜群落生长,加强对"引江济太"工程上游来水和贡湖湾水质的监测,并注重外来入侵植物尤其是水盾草群落的监测. 相似文献
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In 1981–83 sublittoral macroinvertebrates were collected by means of SCUBA diving from artificial substrates submerged near
the outfalls from eight sewage treatment plants in Lake Zürich. Pollution around the outfall resulted on the one hand in a
reduction of pollution intolerant benthic invertebrates, on the other hand in a considerable increase in the relative abundance
of pollution tolerant taxa such as leeches, flatworms and crustaceans. Changes in the faunal composition were related to nutrient
enrichment and changes in the nature of the substratum due to sedimentation of sewage sludge. Species diversity (Simpson index)
showed low values near the outfall from some plants, high values near the outfall from others. Low species diversity did not
always mark the sites where greatest pollution has been observed.
相似文献
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湖滨带水生植物对湖泊生态系统健康的维持具有重要作用。为了解当前洱海湖滨带水生植物现状,本研究于2020—2021年间每季度对洱海湖滨带水生植物进行调查。调查结果表明:(1)洱海湖滨带现有水生植物206种,属56科156属,其中湿生植物149种,挺水植物24种,沉水植物21种,漂浮植物7种,浮叶植物5种;常见种有狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、菰(Zizania latifolia)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、菱(Trapa bispinosa)等,偶见种为忍冬(Lonicera japonica)、披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)等。(2)从区系分布来看,洱海湖滨带物种主要为世界分布(83种)和热带分布(55种)两种类型,分别占总物种数比例的40.28%和26.71%。(3)在植物群落方面,洱海湖滨带共有18个主要植物群落类型,其中湿生植物群落4种,挺水植物群落3种,沉水植物群落9种,浮叶植物群落2种;以狗牙根群落、菰群落、苦草群落、菱群落为主。通过与历史文献结果的对比分析得出,近年来洱海湖滨带水生植物多样性有了显著提高,但目前存在挺水植物群落... 相似文献
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水生植物在浅水湖泊或河流生态系统中具有非常重要的作用.通过2次野外实地调查,对巢湖流域水生植物物种的区系组成和多样性进行初步分析.结果表明:巢湖流域水生植物共有43科85属123种(含种下分类单位,下同),其中蕨类植物有5科6属6种,被子植物38科77属117种,在被子植物中双子叶植物25科39属63种,单子叶植物13科40属54种.水禾(Hygroryza aristata)为安徽省首次记录;以禾本科(Gramineae)、蓼科(Polygonaceae)和莎草科(Cyperaceae)等为优势科;以蓼属(Polygonum)、眼子菜属(Potamogeton)和菱属(Trapa)等为优势属,属的组成比较分散,寡种属和单种属占总属数的96.5%;以喜旱莲子草(Alternanthera philoxeroides)、芦苇(Phragmites australis)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、菱(Trapa sp.)、金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)和黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)等为优势种;从分布区类型看,在科级水平上有6个类型,科的分布区类型以世界广布最多,达55.81%,热带分布的科(11科)多于温带分布的科(8科);在属级水平上有13个类型,属的分布区类型以世界广布最多(36.47%),其次是泛热带分布(20.0%);从不同流域来看,水生植物物种多样性以白石天河流域最高,店埠河南淝河流域最低,这可能与南淝河水质污染比较严重有一定的关系. 相似文献
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Rapid Expansion of Melica przewalskyi Causes Soil Moisture Deficit and Vegetation Degradation in Subalpine Meadows 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fu‐Yuan Gao Fu‐Xi Shi Hui‐Min Chen Xin‐Hou Zhang Xue‐Yang Yu Qian Cui Cheng‐Zhang Zhao 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2018,46(1)
Invasive noxious plants have important impacts on community dynamics and ecosystem functions in grasslands. Since the 1960s, the noxious plant Melica przewalskyi has spread rapidly and formed different size of patches in subalpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. In this study, the species richness, vegetation structure, and soil water content are investigated from the patch edge to the center in four sizes of M. przewalskyi patches (i.e., small patch, <100 cm in canopy diameter; middle patch, 100–200 cm; large patch, 200–300 cm; and the largest patch, >300 cm). The results show that while the patches grow continuously, the dominant species changes from Stipa krylovii to M. przewalskyi with an increasing trend in plant productivity and decreasing trend in species richness and soil water content. Plant height, density, coverage, and above‐ground biomass of M. przewalskyi population increases from the patch edge to the center in small, middle, and large patches, whereas it is precisely the opposite in the largest patch. Interestingly, soil water content exhibits a decreasing trend from the patch edge to the center in all patches. The results indicate that the rapid spread of M. przewalskyi may well alter vegetation pattern and cause a severe soil moisture deficit, which would further drive the degradation of ecosystem functioning in subalpine meadows. 相似文献
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Shane C. Lishawa KathiJo Jankowski Pamela Geddes Daniel J. Larkin Andrew M. Monks Nancy C. Tuchman 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2014,76(4):483-495
Wetland ecosystems maintain and improve water quality through the process of denitrification, an increasingly important ecosystem service due to global N pollution. Invasive plants have the potential to disrupt denitrification by altering the environmental conditions that facilitate this process. Great Lakes coastal wetlands are experiencing widespread invasion by highly productive hybrid cattail with largely uncertain biogeochemical effects. Through field and controlled mesocosm studies, we sought to determine the effects of cattail invasion through time on denitrification rates and associated environmental factors in a Great Lakes coastal wetland. In the field, we found that cattail density correlated with increased denitrification and a suite of environmental and plant community characteristics and denitrification rates were positively correlated with NH4 +, sediment organic matter, reduced water levels, and cattail stand age. Through our controlled mesocosm study, we documented conditions 1- and 5-year following invasion and found that denitrification rates and soil organic matter increased in year 5, and cattail and year-since-invasion altered plant communities and soil NH4 +. Only a weak correlation between denitrification rates and cattail treatments was noted, however, owing to high replicate variability. Our results indicate that with increasing cattail residence time, one ecosystem service, biodiversity, was negatively impacted, while two other services, denitrification and sediment carbon accumulation, were enhanced. Thus, this highly invaded wetland still provides valuable services to aquatic ecosystems and to society. A holistic perspective is therefore critical when evaluating invasive species impacts in which negative impacts are weighed against other ecosystem services, which may be stimulated. 相似文献
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Florent Arthaud Dominique Vallod Jo?l Robin Gudrun Bornette 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2012,74(3):471-481
Theories that link plant strategies and abiotic filters discriminate between three strategies: competitive, ruderal or stress-tolerant species, and suggest that functional diversity is higher at intermediate values along the gradients of productivity and disturbance. The mechanism by which abiotic filters screen plant traits in aquatic plant communities has been poorly tested and has led to contrasting results. The present study aimed to test whether functional diversity and abundance of life-history traits corresponding to morphology, fecundity and longevity of aquatic plants were linked to disturbance and productivity. Fifty-nine shallow lakes that were arranged along a gradient of productivity (estimated through total phosphorus concentration) and drought-disturbance frequency were sampled for aquatic plants. Species traits were documented and functional diversity was calculated (richness, dispersion and evenness) for each lake. Increasing total phosphorus concentration was associated with decreased functional richness and dispersion but not functional evenness. Functional diversity did not differ according to disturbance frequency, regardless of the index that was measured. High productivity favoured floating species with storage organs and vegetative reproduction, especially at low disturbance frequency. For all disturbance frequencies, low productivity favoured small species without storage organs and sexual reproduction. The present study partly supports the theoretical model. At high productivity levels, because phytoplankton is a better competitor for light than aquatic plants, plant traits are screened stringently, and species with traits that allow them to reach the photic zone are selected. 相似文献
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Invasions are common in coastal marine environments where proximity to urban areas should influence the number of non-native organisms due to the likelihood of unintentional introductions from urban centers. Invasive species are widely recognised as important agents of global change, and can colonize new habitats and even cause local extinction of native species. This study was focused on the invasive marine macroalga Sargassum muticum, a problematic invasive species on the West coast of America and in European waters. An intensive survey was carried out along the Galician coast (North West of Spain) from March to August 2008 to determine the current distribution of this species, and its relationship with level of urbanization and native macroalgal diversity. We sampled the presence of S. muticum and native macroalgae in the mid and low intertidal zones of twenty rocky shores distributed along ten rias. Rias were grouped into high and scarcely urbanized based on their population density. Results indicated that S. muticum was present in nine out of the ten rias, confirming its presence in most of the intertidal rocky shores of Galicia twenty years after it was first observed. The presence of S. muticum was not related to the degree of urbanization of the rias, and its distribution and abundance did not seem to be influenced by diversity or functional groups of native algae. In addition, there was a great variability in the percentage cover, number and length of individuals amongst localities and rias suggesting that both large-scale and local processes may play a role in the distribution of this species. This study highlights the importance of future research into the distribution and impact of introduced algae and proves the urgent need for monitoring programmes and increasing efforts to prevent and control new introductions. 相似文献
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《Limnologica》2016
Invasive species are a threat to aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Aquatic snails have a limited ability for an active dispersal. Therefore, their ability to survive to transport in non-aquatic media may help explain their spread across unconnected habitats. We assessed the ability of New Zealand Mud Snail (NZMS) (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) to survive attached to different materials. Two studies were conducted: (1) a laboratory study to assess the tolerance of a laboratory population of NZMS to non-aquatic media attaching snails to leaf litter, sediment and clay and (2) a field-laboratory study to assess the survival of an invasive field population after being left imbedded in clay in the laboratory and subsequently transferred to a new river reach. All laboratory animals died after 3 days in leaf litter, while in the case of sediment and clay all snails died after 5 days. After being imbedded in clay and subsequently transferred to the river, the survival of the field population was lower than that of the laboratory populations. We conclude that NZMS can be dispersed by mechanisms which imply spending some time in non-aquatic media, and that this species has a relatively high tolerance to translocation between reaches with contrasting environmental properties. 相似文献
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