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1.
于2010年8月以云南高原10个湖泊进行沉水植物的化学计量学特征研究,以期为高原湖泊沉水植物的元素化学计量以及富营养化湖泊中沉水植物的恢复提供基础数据.研究表明,10个湖泊沉水植物的种类随营养水平的增加而减少,基本都是眼子菜科眼子菜属和小二仙草科狐尾藻属植物.10个湖泊沉水植物的总碳、总氮和总磷含量范围分别为170.22~373.14、0.90~9.70和0.36~4.30 mg/g;碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比范围分别为37.21~188.47、83.18~468.02和1.57~4.90.Spearman秩相关分析表明,10个湖泊的沉水植物氮磷比与湖泊特征和理化参数没有显著相关性,而碳氮比和碳磷比分别与水体总磷和总氮显著负相关.从单一物种来看,总碳、总氮、总磷、碳氮比、碳磷比和氮磷比的最高平均值分别出现在马来眼子菜(368.41 mg/g)、光叶眼子菜(7.60 mg/g)、蓖齿眼子菜(3.26 mg/g)、微齿眼子菜(68.93)、光叶眼子菜(224.57)和光叶眼子菜(4.82)上.综上所述,调查的云南10个高原湖泊普遍磷过剩而氮相对不足,物种多样性下降,蓖齿眼子菜、微齿眼子菜和光叶眼子菜可能更适合作为云南高原富营养化湖泊沉水植物恢复的物种.  相似文献   

2.
水深与水体的多个环境要素(如光照、温度等)密切关联.因而水深会影响沉水植物的生长、繁殖和生理生化特征,包括叶片的光合色素组成和C、N、P化学计量特征.本研究通过对洱海4种沉水植物苦草(Vallisneria natans)、微齿眼子菜(Potamogeton maackianus)、光叶眼子菜(Potamogeton lucens)和篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)在不同水深梯度的叶片色素组成和C、N、P化学计量特征进行分析,以阐明水深对这些指标的影响规律和机制.结果表明:水深对4种沉水植物叶片光合色素组成和C、N、P化学计量特征的影响具有种间差异性;苦草、微齿眼子菜和光叶眼子菜叶片N含量,苦草和光叶眼子菜叶片P含量都与叶片叶绿素含量呈显著正相关;苦草叶片N含量随水深增加而增加,可能是由苦草为应对深水弱光胁迫而加强光合色素和蛋白的合成导致的,而磷含量的增加可能还受其他因素的影响.  相似文献   

3.
运用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪(Diving-PAM)测定附着了水网藻的亚洲苦草(Vallisneria asiatica)叶片的荧光参数和快速光响应曲线.在水网藻主要附着的苦草叶片上部,15 d后Fv/Fm显著下降,光系统(PS)的光化学效率显著降低;附着水网藻的叶片通过热的形式耗散掉的能量极显著增加(P<0.01),有效荧光产量、光化学淬灭系数和相对光合电子传递速率(rETR)、Chl.a、类胡萝卜素(Car)、Chl.a/Chl.b和Car/Chl.a均显著降低;在快速光响应曲线中,当光照强度高于104 μmol/(m2·s)后,随光照强度的增加,附着水网藻的苦草叶片的rETR显著低于对照,光合作用能力下降;且其饱和光强为248μmol/(m2·s),显著低于对照叶片的685 μmol/(m2·s),表明水网藻附着苦草叶片后导致叶片光响应能力显著下降.  相似文献   

4.
宋玉芝  黄瑾  秦伯强 《湖泊科学》2010,22(6):935-940
在水草生长比较旺盛的季节(7-8月),以水草较丰富的贡湖湾作为采样区域,野外采样结合室内分析研究太湖常见的两种沉水植物马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)及穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)叶上的附着生物的生物量;利用脉冲振幅调制叶绿素荧光仪研究去除附着生物前后两种沉水植物的光合作用的变化.结果表明,马来眼子菜和穗花狐尾藻两种沉水植物上的附着生物的现存量存在显著的差异,附着生物群落中自养生物与异养生物的比值没有显著差异;两种沉水植物在去除附着生物前后的光合参数有显著的变化,光合作用效率、半饱和光强、最大电子传递速率增加.这表明附着生物降低了沉水植物光合作用.  相似文献   

5.
用黑白瓶测氧法测定了水生高等植物马来眼子菜(竹叶眼子菜,Potamogeton malaianus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)的初级生产。按单位鲜重或干重表示的毛生产率,马来眼子菜为0.43—1.50mg O_2/g FWt.h(3.76—13.03mg O_2/g DWt.h);金鱼藻为0.44—0.45mg O_2/g FWt.h(5.12—5.27mg O_2/g DWt.h)。净生产率则分别为0.15—1.44mg O_2/g FWt.h(1.31—12.51mg O_2/g DWt.h)和0.08—0.25mg O_2/g FWt.h(0.93—2.95mg O_2/g DWt.h)。讨论了测定时的样品重量和光照强度对生产率的影响。  相似文献   

6.
为探明中国北方浅水湖泊乌梁素海冰封期水体溶解氧平衡的内在机理,于2021年1—2月在湖心处布设了一台水质在线监测浮标,收集到包括溶解氧等在内的水质数据. 通过对溶解氧数据的小波降噪处理,结合气象资料,模拟分析了冰生长及稳定期内水体溶解氧的变化趋势,定性分析了水体溶解氧的平衡机理. 结果表明:湖泊的日均最高产氧速率为7.19 mg/(L ·d),最低产氧速率为2.01 mg/(L ·d); 日均最高耗氧速率为7.13 mg/(L ·d),最低耗氧速率为2.37 mg/(L ·d). 24 h的单位时间平均最高产氧速率为0.55 mg/(L ·h),最低产氧速率为0 mg/(L ·h); 单位时间平均最高耗氧速率为0.36 mg/(L ·h),最低耗氧速率为0.08 mg/(L ·h). 由此说明小时间尺度下溶解氧的补充消耗不均衡导致了大时间尺度下的溶解氧不平衡,进而产生了冬季湖泊的亏氧现象. 通过进一步溶解氧驱动因素与水环境因子响应关系的分析发现,浊度、水温与产氧速率呈显著负相关,叶绿素a与产氧速率和耗氧速率均呈显著正相关,表明了这些限制性水环境因子在一定程度上影响了冰下水体的溶解氧平衡.  相似文献   

7.
氯化物水型盐碱池塘浮游植物叶绿素a的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
于 1997年 4月至 1998年 9月对山东省高青赵店渔场 ( 37°17′N,117°55′E)的盐碱池塘叶绿素进行了调查研究 .结果表明 ,盐碱池塘叶绿素总量平均为 115.12μg· L-1,叶绿素 a平均含量为 73.90μg· L-1,占叶绿素总量的 61.76% ,叶绿素 b和叶绿素 c分别占总量的 12 .97%和2 5.2 7% .叶绿素 a含量的季节变动较大 ,有明显盛夏和初秋高峰期 .无鱼对照池的叶绿素 a比养鱼池塘低得多 .叶绿素 a的昼夜变化与垂直分布变化较大 ,但不遵循同一模式 .盐碱池塘叶绿素 a含量与浮游植物生物量、水温、总氮、总磷和硅酸盐显著正相关 ,与透明度显著负相关 ,而与盐度、碱度、p H、硬度、电导率均无规律性联系  相似文献   

8.
为研究水深梯度对苦草(Vallisneria natans)光合荧光特性的影响,实验设置0.6、1.3、2.0 m 3个水深条件,利用水下饱和脉冲荧光仪测定3种水深处理下苦草叶片的荧光参数和快速光响应曲线.结果表明:(1)随着水深增加,无性系分株数、叶片数、根系总长度、根系表面积等形态指标显著降低,而最大叶长、平均叶长、最大叶宽没有显著变化,2.0 m处苦草生长受到抑制;(2)不同水深对苦草叶片初始荧光F0和最大荧光Fm没有显著影响,而最大量子产率Fv/Fm和荧光参数Fv/F0随着水深增加显著增加,叶片光合系统Ⅱ光化学效率亦显著提高;(3)0.6 m处苦草的相对电子传递速率显著低于2.0 m处;(4)通过拟合光响应曲线所得的光响应曲线初始斜率、光抑制参数、最大电子传递速率以及半饱和光强在不同的水深处理间均差异显著;(5)2.0 m处苦草叶片的叶绿素a(Chl.a)、叶绿素b(Chl.b)、类胡萝卜素(Car)以及Chl.a+Chl.b含量均显著高于0.6 m处,而Chl.a/Chl.b和Car/Chl.a的差异则不显著.综上所述,0.6 m处苦草的光合能力较弱、保护机制强,而2.0 m则相反,从而说明苦草通过调节自身光合生理来适应不同水深环境.  相似文献   

9.
滇池沉水植物的分布格局及其水环境影响因子识别   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
研究滇池沉水植物的分布及其与水环境因子的关系,对于滇池沉水植物的恢复具有重要的指导意义.2016年4-11月对滇池24个典型点位沉水植物群落特征进行调查,共发现16个调查区存在9种沉水植物,以篦齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)、微齿眼子菜(P.maackianus)、穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、马来眼子菜(P.wrightii)等为主,沉水植物主要分布在近岸3 m以内水域,盖度在10%左右.主成分分析结果表明,总氮、总磷、悬浮物、化学需氧量和叶绿素a浓度是影响沉水植物种类和生物量的主要因素,透明度是影响沉水植物盖度的主要因素;典范对应分析结果显示,滇池沉水植物的分布主要受水体中营养盐含量和化学需氧量的影响,穗花狐尾藻和轮叶黑藻对有机物和藻类的耐受能力较强,马来眼子菜和篦齿眼子菜适于生长在高营养盐的环境.滇池沉水植物恢复初级阶段的关键是降低水体中化学需氧量、抑制藻类的生长,其次是控制水体营养盐浓度.按照"一区一策"的原则,草海东风坝内和外海南部适于进行沉水植物恢复,外海北部实行控藻治理,外海东部需改善水体有机物浓度和营养盐条件,外海西部以沉水植物自然保育为主.  相似文献   

10.
长白山阔叶红松林主要树种及群落冠层光合特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
基于叶片尺度的光强-光合响应测定,结合冠层CO2涡度通量观测,研究了长白山阔叶红松林主要树种及群落冠层的光合特征.结果表明,叶片及冠层光响应过程均可以用非直角双曲线模型很好地表达.蒙古栎具有较高的光补偿点Lcp(28 μmol·m-2·s-1)、光饱和点Lcp(>1800 μmol·m-2·s-1)及最大净光合速率Pmax(9.96 μmol·m-2·s-1),表现为典型的喜阳性特点;色木槭的表观量子效率α(0.066)最大,Lcp(16 μmol·m-2·s-1),Lsp(800 μmol·m-2·s-1左右)及Pmax(4.51 μmol·m-2·s-1)最低,表现为弱阳性特点;红松针叶的α值显著低于阔叶树,但具有较高的Pmax,表现为半喜阳特点.在冠层,α和Pmax都位于温带森林报导值的上限,而Lcp位于下限.冠层光合特征参数与叶片具有较好的一致性,均表现为相对较高的光合能力,但环境胁迫,特别是高的饱和水汽压差可显著降低叶片和冠层的光合能力.  相似文献   

11.
在植物立地和室内不同处理条件下,研究了滇池地方居群的蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus L.)种子的发芽率及幼苗生长.结果表明,自然状态下,蓖齿眼子菜种子发芽率仅为5.3%;切开种皮、较高温度的变温以及层积处理可以极显著地提高种子的发芽率,模拟动物消化系统的酸处理也可以显著地提高发芽率,而用恒定的高温、KON3、硫脲和GA处理对发芽率影响不大,此外,根据试验结果,提出了利用蓖齿眼子菜种子恢复湖泊沉水植被的措施。  相似文献   

12.
滇池蓝藻对沉水植物生长的影响   总被引:18,自引:3,他引:18  
本文通过模拟生态系统和大型试验围隔,研究了蓝藻(Cycanobateria)胁迫下的蓖齿眼子菜(Potamogeton pectinatus)和竹叶眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)生长情况.模拟生态系统研究结果表明,蓖齿眼子菜生长受蓝藻的影响不大,其在有大量蓝藻胁迫的水体中生长22d后,生物量为试验初始时的91.6%,在没有蓝藻胁迫的水体中,其生物量增加了27.7%,差异不显著;而竹叶眼子菜生长受蓝藻影响显著,在有蓝藻胁迫的水体中生长22d后,其生物量下降了57.1%,在没有蓝藻胁迫的水体中,其生物量增加了24.1%.野外10hm^2大型围隔栽种试验结果显示,在有蓝藻胁迫条件下蓖齿眼子菜生长良好,经过5个月生长其覆盖率达到60%,而竹叶眼子菜几乎全部死亡.综合上述两方面试验结果表明蓖齿眼子菜耐受蓝藻胁迫的能力比竹叶眼子菜强.  相似文献   

13.
An empirical model of Skeletonema costatum photosynthetic rate is developed and fit to measurements of photosynthesis selected from the literature. Because the model acknowledges existence of: 1) a light-temperature interaction (by allowing optimum irradiance to vary with temperature), 2) light inhibition, 3) temperature inhibition, and 4) a salinity effect, it accurately estimates photosynthetic rates measured over a wide range of temperature, light intensity, and salinity. Integration of predicted instantaneous rate of photosynthesis with time and depth yields daily net carbon assimilation (pg C cell?1 day?1) in a mixed layer of specified depth, when salinity, temperature, daily irradiance and extinction coefficient are known. The assumption of constant carbon quota (pg C cell?1) allows for prediction of mean specific growth rate (day?1), which can be used in numerical models of Skeletonema costatum population dynamics.Application of the model to northern San Francisco Bay clearly demonstrates the limitation of growth by low light availability, and suggests that large population densities of S. costatum observed during summer months are not the result of active growth in the central deep channels (where growth rates are consistently predicted to be negative). But predicted growth rates in the lateral shallows are positive during summer and fall, thus offering a testable hypothesis that shoals are the only sites of active population growth by S. costatum (and perhaps other neritic diatoms) in the northern reach of San Francisco Bay.  相似文献   

14.
The model structure contains three compartments which are described by single models and are multiplicatively combined into an overall model of the net production of phytoplankton, the sedimentation of algae and the grazing by zooplankton being taken into account as loss quantities. The radiation and nutrients available (N, P, Si) are represented by Fourier models; the same holds for the water temperature. The light and temperature dependence of the growth rate are described by exponential equations, the nutrient dependence is described by the Monod statement. When the half-saturation constants and the sinking losses of the seasonally prevailing algae groups are taken into account, besides the total net production also the seasonal succession of the biomass of the different algae groups can be simulated realistically.  相似文献   

15.
不同生态系统CO2通量和浓度特征分析研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
本文利用1993~1994年日本国家农业环境研究所与中国科学院沙漠研究所合作在内蒙古奈曼地区实测的7种不同生态系统(沙丘、轻度放牧草原、中度放牧草原、重度放牧草原、无放牧草原、玉米田和大豆田)的净辐射、土壤热通量、两个高度的CO2浓度、温度、湿度和风速等资料,采用空气动力学方法,计算了CO2通量及其与环境和人为干扰因子的关系,并分析了不同下垫面的光合作用特征. 结果表明:各种下垫面CO2通量的共同特点是:在白天,CO2通量和梯度的输送方向是从大气向植被,在中午(11~13时)输送达到负的最大值; 在夜间,CO2通量和梯度输送方向与白天相反,是从植被向大气,在早晨(3~5时)达到正的最大值. 植被覆盖率及生物量不同的下垫面光合作用强度有明显差异,天气状况对光合作用也有一定影响.  相似文献   

16.
Eight geographic populations of Brachionus calyciflorus collected from China in August 2007 were cultured at 18 °C, 23 °C and 28 °C with 3.0×106 cells mL−1 of alga Scenedesmus obliquus to investigate their differences in life table demography. The results showed that the response in each of the life table demographic parameters (age-specific survivorship and fecundity, life expectancy at hatching, generation time, net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate of population increase and proportion of sexual offspring) to increasing temperature differed with geographic population. Life expectancy at hatching, generation time, net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate of population increase were all significantly influenced by temperature, geographic population and their interaction and indirectly affected by the changes in body size and egg volume of the rotifers; however, the proportion of sexual offspring produced by the rotifers was markedly influenced only by geographic population. Among all the combinations of temperature and geographic population, the generation times of Guangzhou and Hainan populations at 18 °C were the longest, and the intrinsic rate of population increase of the Tai’an population at 18 °C was the lowest. Among all the eight geographic populations, the proportion of sexual offspring produced by Xuzhou population was the highest. Although the higher proportions of sexual offspring produced by all the geographic populations of rotifers (9.7-41.1%) might lead to higher resting egg productions, and thus to wide spread of the rotifers among the eight geographic populations, their differences in life table demography might be regarded as the results of adaptation to the different environmental conditions faced by them in the field.  相似文献   

17.
Climate change analysis is essential, considering the numerous economic and ecological implications of this critical global environmental issue. This paper analyzes the spatial and temporal trends of mean air temperature in Romania’s most important agricultural area, the south and south-eastern region, between 1961 and 2009. In this respect, multiannual (the entire period) and multidecadal (1961–1990, 1971–2000, 1981–2009) trends were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope method at 23 weather stations, annually, seasonally and for the growing season of the region’s main agricultural crops (maize and wheat). Multiannually, the results showed statistically significant temperature increases, on all temporal scales (maximum rate of 0.06 °C/year recorded in summer, equivalent to a net temperature rise of 2.82 °C), except for the autumn season (cooling without statistical significance). Multidecadally, the 1961–1990 period is marked by a general cooling, especially in autumn (maximum values of ?0.07 °C/year or over 2 °C net cooling). In the 1971–2000 and 1981–2009 periods, a general warming was observed (maximum in summer for both multidecades, when positive rates peaked at 0.09 °C/year, or 2.5–3 °C net warming), but the warming of the last three decades is the most prominent in terms of spatial average magnitude and trend significance. Upon analysis of the impact of climate warming on agricultural yields (maize) through linear regression, in the 1991–2000 decade, considered as case study, it was found that in 32 % of the total analyzed area there are evident relationships between the two variables (p value <0.05). In this case, a dependency of 33–50 % (40 %, on average) of maize to climate was found, and a sensitivity (loss) ranging between 0.9 and 1.5 t/ha/year (1.2 t/ha/year, on average) for a 1 °C temperature rise. At the same time, significant losses (of up to 1.7 t/ha/year) of maize for a 1 °C temperature rise were identified in 51 % of the area, but with little p value significance (between 0.05 and 0.1). It is however necessary to analyse the agro-climatic results cautiously, considering that only one decade of climate-agriculture relationship was studied. The results can be useful first and foremost for mitigating the climate change impact on agricultural systems, by prioritizing future adaptation strategies enforced by policy makers.  相似文献   

18.
Filamentous cyanobacteria often dominate benthic microbial communities of antarctic lakes and usually exhibit saturation of photosynthesis at light intensities approximately 100 microEinst m-2 s-1. Incident light regimes are controlled by ice and snow accumulations overlaying water columns during much of the year. Thus, light availability to microbial mats is often below saturation intensity and is strongly influenced by modest changes in climatic factors. A model of net primary production for benthic mat communities of the subantarctic Sombre Lake, Signy Island, was developed (1) to evaluate depth-specific productivities of mat communities, (2) to test the relative importances of model parameters to mat production, and (3) to explore the potential impacts of climate change on mat production as manifested through changes in light regime. Simulated rates of net primary production corresponded to observations on a daily basis (approximately 1-4 micrograms C fixed mg-1 ash-free DW of mat d-1) but were an order of magnitude lower than estimates of net annual production based on field measurements (< or = 3 vs. 11-45 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively). Close examination suggested that the simulated values were more plausible. A detailed sensitivity analysis of model behavior revealed that variations in the time of ice and snow melt in spring accounted for 40-60% of the total variation in model behavior, emphasizing the importance of climatic factors to net primary production of mat communities and the sensitivity of mat production to climate change.  相似文献   

19.
Using the three global seismic profiles, model 1066B, PEM, and PREM, we have calculated adiabatic temperature profiles, corrections arising from the differences between adiabatic self compression on the seismic and convective time scales, and the superadiabatic profiles from inhomogeneity. The three adiabatic temperature profiles are virtually identical and provide a net change of 600 K across the lower mantle; the net superadiabatic temperature changes from inhomogeneity are also similar and provide a further 200 K. If elastic relaxation corrections of 400–700 K are included in addition to a thermal boundary layer arising from heat transfer from the core to the base of the mantle, then it is possible to construct mantle profiles beginning with 1600°C at 670 km and yielding temperatures at the core-mantle boundary within the range 3300 ± 500°C inferred from shock melting experiments on iron.  相似文献   

20.
Freezing can increase the emissions of carbon dioxide(CO_2) and nitrous oxide(N_2O) and the release of labile carbon(C) and nitrogen(N) pools into the soil. However, there is limited knowledge about how both emissions respond differently to soil freezing and their relationships to soil properties. We evaluated the effect of intensity and duration of freezing on the emissions of CO_2 and N_2 O, net N mineralization, microbial biomass, and extractable C and N pools in soils from a mature broadleaf and Korean pine mixed forest and an adjacent secondary white birch forest in northeastern China. These soils had different contents of microbial biomass and bulk density. Intact soil cores of 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depth sampled from the two temperate forest floors were subjected to -8, -18, and -80°C freezing treatments for a short(10 d) and long(145 d) duration, and then respectively incubated at 10°C for 21 d. Soil cores, incubated at 10°C for 21 d without a pretreatment of freezing, served as control. Emissions of N_2 O and CO_2 after thaw varied with forest type, soil depth, and freezing treatment. The difference could be induced by the soil water-filled pore space(WFPS) during incubation and availability of substrates for N_2 O and CO_2 production, which are released by freezing. A maximum N_2 O emission following thawing of frozen soils was observed at approximately 80% WFPS, whereas CO_2 emission from soils after thaw significantly increased with increasing WFPS. The soil dissolved organic C just after freezing treatment and CO_2 emission increased with increase of freezing duration, which paralleled with a decrease in soil microbial biomass C. The cumulative net N mineralization and net ammonification after freezing treatment as well as N_2 O emission were significantly affected by freezing temperature. The N_2 O emission was negatively correlated to soil p H and bulk density, but positively correlated to soil K_2SO_4-extractable NO_3~--N content and net ammonification. The CO_2 emission was positively correlated to the cumulative net N mineralization and net ammonification. From the above results, it can be reasonably concluded that for a wide range of freezing temperature and freezing duration, N_2 O and CO_2 emissions after thaw were associated mainly with the changes in soil net N mineralization and the availability of substrate liberated by freezing as well as other soil properties that influence porosity.  相似文献   

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