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1.
下击暴流是雷暴天气中沿地面传播的一种极具突发性和破坏性的一种强风,对建筑结构的破坏性极强,因此建立准确可靠的下击暴流风速模型对于研究建筑结构在下击暴流作用下的动力响应并减少灾害发生是至关重要的。本文采用随时间变化的向量自回归模型(简称TVAR模型)建立下击暴流的风速模型。采用基函数方法识别TVAR模型参数,即将TVAR模型参数表示为加权时间函数的线性组合。联合使用正向估计和后向估计器估计TVAR模型中的随时间变化参数,计算得到下击暴流随时间变化功率谱密度。模拟得到了下击暴流风速、功率谱密度、相干函数等重要参数。结果表明本文提出的TVAR模型可以准确模拟下击暴流风速场,且计算效率得到了进一步提高。本文提出的TVAR模型为准确进行下击暴流模拟或建立经验模型提供了可靠的方法。 相似文献
2.
下击暴流风的数值仿真研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
作为自然界的一种强风荷载,雷暴天气产生的下击暴流风在世界范围内造成了大量工程结构物的破坏。研究证实,下击暴流风具有同常规的大气边界层近地风完全不同的风场特征。利用通用商业CFD(Computational fluid dynamics)软件FLUENT完成了几何缩尺比为1:2000的下击暴流过程的数值仿真。非定常的数值模拟将有助于更好地理解下击暴流风的动力特征。数值结果表明,基于雷诺平均的Navier-Stokes方程进行的非定常数值模拟结果同根据实测数据提出的三种经验风剖面吻合良好,在目前实测资料稀少的情况下,有助于更好地研究下击暴流风的基本特征。 相似文献
3.
下击暴流为雷暴天气中强下沉气流猛烈冲击地面后形成并沿地面传播的近地面短时强风,其风场特征同传统的大气边界层近地风显著不同。近年来下击暴流作用下输电线-塔结构的倒塌破坏事故层出不穷。根据美国、澳大利亚和南非等国的调查,80%以上的输电线-塔的风致倒塌事故主要为下击暴流所引起。而我国对此却少有研究。据此,本文简要介绍了下击暴流在输电线-塔抗风研究中的重要性,并从尺度特征、风速特征、随机特征和压力特征四个方面对下击暴流的基本特征进行了综述。其次,阐述了下击暴流对输电线-塔结构的灾害作用和下击暴流作用下输电线-塔的破坏特征。最后,论述了下击暴流对输电线-塔结构抗风设计的影响。指出了将雷暴强风,尤其是发生频度高、破坏性强的下击暴流纳入到风荷载规范,是非常重要而迫切的工作。 相似文献
4.
《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(4)
风荷载是不可忽略的结构设计参数,而风荷载大小是由风速决定的,所以风速时程的模拟非常重要。本文根据实测的近地面脉动风速时程,计算了其分形盒维数,进而采用具有分形特性的随机函数模拟了脉动风速时程。然后,提出了考虑空间相关性的脉动风速时程分形模拟方法,并将模拟结果与实测脉动风速进行了分形盒维数、概率分布、功率谱和互相关系数的对比,发现两者很相似。本文所提出的近地面脉动风速时程的分形模拟方法弥补了传统模拟方法的不足。 相似文献
5.
滑移隔震结构的抗风稳定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
滑移隔震结构要求在风荷载作用下保持安定。应用多种方法研究了不同摩擦系数、不同基本风压作用下滑移隔震体系的抗风稳定性：（1）考虑一阶振型的等效静力法；（2）采用谐波合成法模拟近似的具有给定功率谱密度函数的脉动风，作用于结构上，进行动力时程分析；（3）根据风压的功率谱密度函数计算脉动风压的概率法。研究结果表明时程分析法与概率法得到的风荷载相近，大于等效静力法得到的风荷载。摩擦系数为0.1可以满足基本风压小于0.90kN／m^2地区滑移隔震结构的抗风稳定性。 相似文献
6.
大连国贸大厦高层水箱风振控制研究及应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
本文针对一实际工程结构———大连国贸大厦,研究了风荷载作用下调液阻尼器的减振控制作用。首先建立了该结构的简化计算模型,利用Davenport谱给出了模拟风荷载。在大厦所处位置进行多次测量,得到实际风速样本。选取其中风速较大、过程平稳的样本,对实测样本和模拟样本的频谱进行比较,验证了模拟风荷载的合理性。文中将大厦顶层的生活水箱设计成可减小结构位移及加速度反应的控制装置TLD(tuned liqu id damper),根据不同工况进行数值计算,选出最佳方案,设计出可实际应用、并达到一定减振效果的减振水箱,以提高大厦在风荷载作用下的舒适度。 相似文献
7.
单向张弦梁结构风振响应的时域分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张弦梁屋盖结构自重轻,地震作用下的动力问题不是结构设计的控制因素,但是在风荷载作用下结构的动力响应较为显著,在设计中应给予足够重视。本文首先利用Matlab编程工具,模拟结构的风速时程曲线,然后利用有限元软件中的瞬态动力学分析模块对这种结构进行动力时程分析,讨论其在脉动风荷载作用下的动力响应,并将结果和频域法脉动风荷载的分析结果进行对比,验证了计算结构的可靠性。得到一些有意义的结论,供张弦梁结构的工程应用参考。 相似文献
8.
随着城市人口的增加,越来越多的超高层建筑在中国各大城市涌现,在其全寿命周期内不可避免的会遭受风甚至地震等多灾害的作用。以上海中心大厦为分析模型,根据其场地条件,采用Benowitez在2015年提出的1种基于随机波的模型方法模拟不同高度处具有空间相关性的脉动风荷载时程。通过对Perform 3D有限元软件建立的上海中心大厦模型进行非线性动力时程分析,研究地震和风耦合作用下对于结构性能的影响,并基于多灾害需求生成结构在地震和风耦合作用下的易损性曲面来研究结构的抗振可靠度。结果表明:结构的响应和易损性随着风速和PGA的增大而显著增大;随着风速的增大结构的响应和易损性均有增大的趋势,但随着地震动的增大,风荷载对结构响应和易损性影响逐步减小。 相似文献
9.
本文对于由风洞试验得出的不同风场类别的脉动风速进行了盒维数的分析,发现各类风场的盒维数明显不同,而采用传统数值模拟方法模拟的A、B、C三类风场的脉动风速的盒维数几乎没有变化。为了弥补脉动风速传统数值模拟方法的缺陷,采用包含分形维数的Weierstrass-Mandelbro函数模拟A、B、C三类风场的脉动风速,并与由风洞试验得到的各类风场的脉动风速的盒维数,湍流度,功率谱等特征进行对比。结果表明分形模拟方法所得的脉动风速的盒维数在各类风场中明显不同,且随着湍流度的增大而减小,并且分形模拟方法模拟的脉动风速谱和风洞试验的脉动风速谱更加接近。 相似文献
10.
基于时域理论研究输电塔在风振作用下的疲劳可靠性问题。本文采用Davenport谱模拟脉动风速,通过分析计算杆件内力,得到风荷载时程数据。利用分析软件SAP2000建立结构的有限元模型,将时程荷载施加到结构有限元模型上,求得输电塔关键杆件应力时程响应。采用雨流法统计分析应力时程数据,得到应力循环幅值及其应力均值。基于疲劳理论的Basquin方程、Miner累积损伤准则以及Goodman修正方程,推导出处理疲劳问题的概率数学模型。结合平均风的分布概率以及计算结构疲劳寿命的方法,得到关键杆件在一定可靠度下的疲劳寿命。通过文章分析可知,随着可靠度数值的变化,结构的疲劳寿命相差极大。 相似文献
11.
对风速与风向边缘分布采用统一的极值概型描述,提出了一种可适用于多峰极值以及总体样本的风速风向联合概率分布函数的经验解析表达式。模型包括7个参数,可由实测数据利用非线性最小二乘方法拟合得到。对模型参数拟合时的初值选取方法提出了建议,并对典型的风向双峰值情况,给出了峰向区间的划分方法;利用双峰总体、双峰极值以及单峰极值3种不同类型的实测数据,检验了模型的适用性。结果表明,该模型可以较好地描述不同类型总体样本或极值样本的风速风向联合概率密度特性,可供风向设计风速的确定、风速评估及场地风能评估等工程问题参考。 相似文献
12.
John E. Stout 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2004,29(10):1195-1207
A basic feature of any wind‐eroding surface is its threshold – the wind speed at which sediment transport is initiated. A new method was developed and tested that allows for the rapid determination of threshold under natural wind conditions in the ?eld. A mathematical expression that relates saltation activity and relative wind strength was reformulated so that threshold may be calculated from measurements of saltation activity and the mean and standard deviation of wind speed. To test the new method and determine its usefulness, a ?eld experiment was performed within a region of low‐relief dunes on the Southern High Plains of West Texas. The experimental system consisted of a 2‐m meteorological tower and a piezoelectric saltation sensor. It was found that during periods of active aeolian activity, threshold values could be calculated every 5 minutes. This new method allows for routine monitoring of surface threshold conditions in the ?eld. Example threshold calculations are presented and they demonstrate that the method works well. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
13.
基于AR模型模拟超高层建筑的脉动风速时程 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
风荷载是超高层建筑设计的主要荷载之一,而且通过风振时域分析可以更全面地了解超高层建筑风振响应特性,更直观地反映超高层建筑风致振动控制的有效性。因此,本文使用线性滤波法即白噪声滤波法(white noise filtration method,WNFM)中的自回归(auto-regressive,AR)模型模拟超高层建筑的风速时程。首先,考虑超高层建筑风速时程的时间和空间相关性,导出了四阶AR模型的参数表达式。接着,基于AR模型模拟了一幢高度为200 m超高层建筑的风速时程。最后,通过比较模拟风速功率谱、模拟自相关函数和互相关函数与目标风速功率谱、目标自相关函数和互相关函数的吻合程度,验证基于AR模型模拟超高层建筑风速时程的可行性。 相似文献
14.
Wind erosion is an important soil erosion and hence a soil degradation problem in the Sahelian zone of West Africa. Potentially, the characteristic dryland vegetation with scattered trees and shrubs can provide for soil erosion protection from wind erosion, but so far adequate quantification of vegetation impacts is lacking. The aim of this study was to develop a model of wind‐blown soil erosion and sediment transport around a single shrub‐type vegetation element. Starting with the selection of a suitable transport equation from four possible sediment transport equations, the effects of a single vegetation element on wind speed were parameterized. The modified wind speed was then applied to a sediment transport equation to model the change in sediment mass flux around a shrub. The model was tested with field data on wind speed and sediment transport measured around isolated shrubs in a farmer's field in the north of Burkina Faso. The simple empirical equation of Radok (Journal of Glaciology 19 : 123–129, 1977) performed best in modelling soil erosion and sediment transport, both for the entire event duration and for each minute within an event. Universal values for the empirical constants in the sediment transport equation could not be obtained because of the large variability in soil and roughness characteristics. The pattern of wind speed, soil erosion and sediment transport behind a shrub and on either side of it was modelled. The wind speed changed in the lee of the vegetation element depending on its porosity, height and downwind position. Wind speed was recovered to the upstream speed at a downwind distance of 7·5 times the height of the shrub. The variability in wind direction created a ‘rotating’ area of influence around the shrub. Compared to field measurements the model predicted an 8% larger reduction in sediment transport in the lee of the vegetation element, and a 22% larger increase beside the vegetation element. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
The effect of single vegetation elements on wind speed and sediment transport in the Sahelian zone of Burkina Faso 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
Soil loss caused by wind erosion is a widespread phenomenon in the Sahelian zone of West Africa. According to Sahelian farmers, scattered vegetation standing in amongst the crop has the potential for a wind erosion control strategy. This study was conducted to study the effect of single vegetation elements on the pattern of average wind speed and sediment transport. This was done by two experiments that were carried out during the rainy seasons of 2002 and 2003 in north Burkina Faso, West Africa. Wind speeds were measured using three sonic anemometers, at a sampling frequency of 16 Hz. Sediment transport was determined by calculating the mass fluxes from 17 MWAC catchers. In this study, a shrub was defined as a vegetation element with branches until ground and a tree as a vegetation element with a distinctive trunk below a canopy. Behind shrubs wind speed near the soil surface was reduced up to approximately seven times the height of the shrub. The observed reduction in wind speed in the area where wind speed was reduced was 15 per cent on average. At the sides of the shrub, wind speed was increased, by on average 6 per cent. As the area of increase in wind speed is one‐third of the area of decrease in wind speed, the net effect of a shrub is a reduction in wind speed. A similar pattern was visible for the pattern of sediment transport around a shrub. Downwind of a shrub, sediment transport was diminished up to seven times the height of the shrub. Probably most of this material was trapped by the shrub. Trees showed a local increase of wind around the trunk, which is expected to relate to an increase in sediment transport around the trunk. Mass flux measurements of sediment transport were not made, but visual observations in the field substantiate this. Behind the canopy of a tree, a tree acts similarly to a shrub regarding its effects on average wind speed, but as a tree is generally a larger obstacle than a shrub the extent of this effect is larger than for shrubs. Thus, whereas shrubs are more effective than trees regarding their direct effect on soil loss by trapping sand particles near the soil surface, trees are more effective in affecting soil loss indirectly by reducing the wind speed downwind more effectively than shrubs. Therefore, to reduce soil loss in an area, the presence of both trees and shrubs is crucial. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
研究了星载微波DMSPSSM／I对南中国海海面遥感数据的定量辐射特征．与现有的经验性统计反演不同,本文用37GHz垂直和水平极化两个通道的辐射亮度温度,提出了物理意义明确,又易于计算和参数标定的海面风速反演公式．海面风速及演结果与现有的海面浮标风速观测记录作了很好的比较．这一方法应用于南中国海海面风速的反演,得到了南海海面风速在空间和时间尺度上的分布和变化． 相似文献
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18.
The Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) and Revised Wind Erosion Equation (RWEQ) are widely used for estimating wind‐induced soil erosion at a field scale. Wind is the principal erosion driver in the two models. Wind erosivity, which describes the capacity of wind to cause soil erosion, is defined as erosive wind power density (WPD) in WEPS, and wind value (W) in RWEQ. In this study, the daily average WPD (AWPD) and the daily average W (Wf) were chosen to investigate the effect of averaging time on wind erosivity estimation based on observed wind data. We compare the daily AWPD and Wf calculated from 1, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minute average wind speed data. The results of comparisons indicate that averaging wind speed can significantly influence estimates of wind erosivity. Compared with the daily AWPD and Wf calculated from one minute average wind speed data, all daily AWPD and Wf values calculated from 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 minute averaged wind speeds tend to be significantly lower than values calculated from one minute values. In general, longer averaging times tend to produce smaller values of daily AWPD or Wf, which may lead to an under‐estimation of wind erosion. Further studies are needed to extend and apply the findings obtained in this study to actual wind erosion predictions. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
作为一种新兴的被动遥感技术,全极化微波辐射计不仅可以提供海面风速产品,还可以提供海面风向产品.以往利用全极化微波辐射计观测亮温进行海面风场反演仅在晴空条件下进行,本文通过对观测亮温结合台风区域海面风场的分布特征进行分析,验证了全极化微波辐射计具有在台风等恶劣天气条件下进行海面风场观测的能力.基于敏感性分析实验,确定使用6.8 GHz和10.7 GHz等低频通道组合可进行台风区域内海面风场反演.其中,海面风速反演使用基于统计的多元线性回归算法,同时对海面温度、大气水汽含量、云中液态水含量及降水强度等物理量进行反演计算,为海面风向反演做准备.海面风向反演使用物理统计法进行,借鉴散射计风向反演使用的最大似然估计法.通过在全极化辐射传输前向模型中加入降水对大气透过率的影响、设计第三和第四Stokes通道亮温环境影响修正函数,在实现台风区域内海面风向反演的同时减小了反演误差.通过对“云娜”台风境内海面风场进行数值计算,验证了本文反演算法的可行性,并对反演误差的空间分布特征进行了分析.将2004年各台风过程的海面风场反演结果与散射计风场产品进行对比,海面风速和海面风向反演的均方根误差分别为1.64 m·s-1和18.02°. 相似文献
20.
总体样本风速风向联合概率分析方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
提出了针对总体样本的风速风向联合分布的实用统计分析方法。假定任意给定风向上的风速符合某一概型分布、风向间的关联以风速资料的相对发生频率反映、不同风向间的概型参数及频率分布的变化满足谐波函数,在此基础上,利用风速风向资料的总体样本可以得到一个能够反映任意方向的风速风向联合分布函数。利用澳门地区的百年风资料与某风站连续5年的风速观测记录,对该方法的可行性进行了验证。分析表明,该方法具有一定的适用性,便于结构的抗风可靠性分析,具有一定的工程应用价值。 相似文献