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1.
中国大陆强地震成组活动迁移及其机理分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
傅征祥  金学申  邵辉成  丁香 《地震》2005,25(4):65-74
研究了中国大陆西部地区(东经108°以西)20世纪初以来7.5级以上大地震成组活动,以及华北至东北地区(30°~55°N,108°~135°E)20世纪20年代以来6.0级以上强地震,10年时间尺度的成组活动迁移过程。在1900~2001年中国大陆西部7.5级以上浅源大地震,分别在1902年1月至1916年12月、1920年1月至1947年3月和1947年7月至1988年12月三个时间段中,先后出现3次成组活动;1997年1月至2001年12月时间段内发生的玛尼和昆仑山西口大地震,可能是第四次成组活动的开始;并且,不同时间段的地震成组活动地区是不重复的,大体上,显示了顺时针的迁移图像。在1927~1998年中国大陆华北至东北地区6.0级以上浅源强地震,分别在1927年1月至1948年12月、1966年1月至1976年12月和1979年1月至1998年12月三个时间段中,先后出现3次成组活动。成组地震活动主体地区随时间的迁移,表现为往返迁移的图像。成组地震活动群集在一个主体地区内,它们或发生在一条活动构造带上或在多条邻近的活动构造带上。同时,应用断层系统内各个断层相互耦合作用和应力转移的模型,去分析成组地震活动迁移过程的机理。  相似文献   

2.
对近代中国大陆及其邻区板内浅源强震空间分布的大尺度不均匀性进行研究,得出:(1)该区存在4个主要的高地震活动区,即华北地震区(30°~42°N)、东南沿海地震区(19°~25°N)、南北地震区(缅甸—中国—蒙古)和中亚地震区(帕米尔—天山—贝加尔湖);(2)这4个地震区与该区周围板块(欧亚板块与北美—太平洋—菲律宾海—印度板块)之间边界上地震耦合强度大的段落大致垂直;(3)作用于板块边界不同段落上的应力水平差异,可能是中国大陆及其邻区板内近代大尺度强震活动空间分布不均匀性的控制因素  相似文献   

3.
汶川8级大地震活动断裂滑动速率异常低的比较讨论   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
本文在收集1900—2008年东亚大陆西部三角地震区内8次陆内逆冲型浅源大地震(M≥7.5)活动断裂的滑动速率基础上,初步比较分析表明东亚大三角地震区陆内逆冲型孕震断层的缩短或垂直平均滑动速率≤12 mm/a;2008年四川汶川8.0级大地震发生在滑动速率异常低(0.2~1.0 mm/a)的龙门山活动断层上;地震震级大小和滑动速率大小之间的关系并没有显示出线性的简单相关关系;地震震级大小可能与多种因素有关,包括断层的地质年代、尺度(长度、宽度和深度)、活动速率和历史、物性,以及应力-应变本构关系和动力学环境等,需要深入研究。  相似文献   

4.
丁鉴海  姜秀娥 《中国地震》1989,5(1):88-88,90
1.我国地震活动概况及特点 1988年我国共发生M_s≥5地震56次(大陆地区43次,台湾地区13次),其中6.0—6.9级地震7次(大陆地区5次都为余震,台湾地区2次),大陆地区7.0级以上地震3次,最大为11月6日云南澜沧7.6级地震。台湾地区最大地震为10月16目的6.2级地震。如果不计算唐古拉山、澜沧—耿马震区的余震,我国共发生5.0级以上地震37次(大陆地区24次,台湾地  相似文献   

5.
分析了大华北浅源地震与日本海西部及我国东北深震的关系,认为本世纪来日本海西部—我国东北深震经历了5个相对活跃期,大华北各地震区相应经历这5个活跃期的影响期。根据大华北M≧6级浅源地震与深震活动的相关性,建立了太平洋板块楔形俯冲带端部重大深震事件导致大华北浅源M≧6级地震发生的板块俯冲模型,应变波传播速度约94km/年,地表视速度约100km/年。重大深震事件突出、模型稳定性强,预测实验表明模型公式可做大华北地震监测参考。用本模型可以解释浅源地震迁移、各地震区地震与深震活动相关等现象。  相似文献   

6.
强震群体活动转移特征及预测   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张立人 《地震》1993,(1):21-25
对中国大陆及邻区的5个强震区的强震群体进行了划分及t检验。 近80年来,由喜马拉雅板缘碰撞带向我国大陆板内强震区强震群体活动呈现时空的有序迁移。这种迁移特征与印度板块与欧亚板块的幕式碰撞有关,由此产生的向板内的能量和物质的输入是强震群体迁移有序性的根源。据此,对我国大陆今后10年的地震大形势做了初步分析。  相似文献   

7.
通过对中国大陆除新疆和东北深震区以外的主要地区2000年以来5级以上地震活动特征的研究发现,5级以上地震近源区的相继发震是某些区域地震活动的重要特征。依据这一特征可以对今后研究区内5级以上地震的后续地震作中期预测。  相似文献   

8.
东北地震区地震趋势的小波分析   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
张凤君 《地震研究》2007,30(2):137-141
根据中国地震局推广软件中所给出的地震区划分,运用小波分析方法,对东北地震区的地震时序特征进行了分析和研究,得出:东北地震区的地震活动存在着10年、20年和30年的显著主周期。按照这个周期规律,结合测震学的分析方法,分析了未来东北地震区的地震活动趋势,认为东北地震区第五活跃期到2009年结束。从地震能量释放和地震频度上看,未来发生5级以上地震的可能性不大。  相似文献   

9.
震级转换关系及其对地震活动性参数的影响研究   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8  
本文根据1990-2007年《中国地震年报》中同时给出Ms和ML、且震源深度〈70km的6577个浅源地震资料,经统计回归得到了全国和各地震区Ms与ML之间的经验关系。新的震级转换关系接近于Ms=ML,本文建议在需要进行震级标度转换时,对于没有测定Ms的低震级地震可直接使用Ms=ML进行转换。与目前广泛使用的震级转换关系相比,采用本文建议的震级转换方法后,全国各地震区5级以上地震的数量基本没有变化,但5级以下地震的数量有明显增加,导致由此统计得到的各地震区震级.频度关系中的b值有不同程度的增大。此外,用地震数量直接得到的4级以上地震的年平均发生率V4有明显增高,且部分地震区甚至增加了50%以上。在高震级地震发生率不变的情况下,地震活动性参数的上述变化反映了对地震区地震活动水平的估计有提高,可能导致概率地震危险性分析结果的提高,对地震区划和工程场地地震安全性评价有重要意义。  相似文献   

10.
通过对1976年9月23日巴音木仁6.2级地震前后2年左右记录资料的地震活动性、地震活动图像时空变化特征及测震学指标等变化特征的分析,发现巴音木仁6.2级地震活动性从震前半年左右时间内开始明显增强,出现了典型前兆震群-磴口震群,地震活动图像出现了条带及空区特征,这种特征在震后有向东北迁移的倾向,可能对1979年五原6.0级地震有着重要推动作用。同时震前b值、Vp/Vs、Q值等也出现了明显的异常。此震所出现的震兆特征对探讨分析浅源中强地震的孕育过程及提取临震信息有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

11.
The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas.  相似文献   

12.
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14.
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were...  相似文献   

15.
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary.  相似文献   

16.
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида. Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).

Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday

Address: Veveři 95, Brno.  相似文献   

17.
Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed.  相似文献   

18.
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out.  相似文献   

19.
Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan.  相似文献   

20.
Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM.  相似文献   

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