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声波剖面方法由于具有很高的分辨率和信号发射频率,可以获得高品质的地层剖面(图1),能够显示出沉积地层的结构与构造特征,广泛用于工程地质勘探和活断层探查,经过在渤海湾活断层探测试验中证明声波方法对海域和沿海平原活断层时代判断十分有效,能够分辨小断距断层,资料连续性好,直观性强,探测工作效率高,适合于活断层探测及地震危险性评价、海洋工程、核电站选址的等项目. 相似文献
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基于GIS的太原市活断层探测数据管理系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将地理信息系统(GIS)技术应用于活断层探测数据管理工作,开发了"太原市活断层探测数据管理系统".系统具备探测信息的录入与存储、查询、展示等功能;利用AOVBA二次开发方式,将探测数据的管理过程便利化、可视化、直接化.最终实现了基础地理信息、地震地质调查数据、地球物理探测数据等活断层探测数据的数据编辑、查询、显示与管理等综合应用. 相似文献
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以福州市活断层信息管理系统为例,提出了城市活断层探测信息系统建设的目标,分析了以GIS技术为支持的、面向对象的设计方法及系统结构与功能。系统在局域网内采用C/S模式,在广域网中采用B/S模式,具有用户界面、应用程序和基础数据的3层结构。探测成果数据库按照分类、分层存贮,按专题组织查询的方式管理。城市活断层探测信息管理系统以活断层探测成果数据库为基础,空间分析为支撑,集地质、地球物理、地球化学、综合查询及专题分析应用为一体,具备活断层探测及分析研究成果分类与综合查询、展示、分析等功能,这一系统的建立可为活断层研究的定量化提供坚实的数据基础与技术平台,为城市规划、土地利用等防震减灾工作的开展提供科学依据 相似文献
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简要地介绍了开展大城市地震活断层探测的意义及世界各国开展活断层探测的基本情况。城市及邻近地区地震活断层引起的直下型地震 ,将会给大城市造成巨大的地震灾害。准确地探测出大城市的活断层分布 ,采取有效措施 ,可大大降低地震时的损失。文中重点介绍了开展地震活断层探测的地球物理方法的类型和主要特点 ,在区域探查与初步鉴定阶段、详细探测与精确定位阶段、孕震构造探测阶段可能涉及到的各种地球物理探测方法、适用范围及所能解决的主要问题 相似文献
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断层气探测方法在深隐伏活断层探测中的有效性研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
断层气探测方法是活动断层探测中常用的一种方法。实践证明,这种方法在浅覆盖地区活动断层初勘阶段是有效的。但在第四系厚覆盖地区开展活断层探测,断层气方法是否有效或怎样做有助于提高该方法的有效性,是本文要阐述的问题。本文利用天津地区断层气实测的丰富资料,并与人工地震、钻孔勘探、样品年代学测定资料进行对比分析,论证了断层气方法在深隐伏活断层空间位置、断层活动性判定和断层分段中的有效性。并依据实际工作经验,给出了提高断层气方法在活断层探测中有效性的技术途径。 相似文献
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利用活断层探测资料构建银川探测区地下三维结构模型 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在收集与整理前人资料的基础上,“银川市活断层探测与地震危险性评价”项目对银川隐伏断层、芦花台隐伏断层等断层开展了多学科的联合探测。文中对如何以银川市活断层探测成果资料构建银川活断层探测区地下三维构造模型的方法进行了探索,总结出的步骤是:收集活断层地震探测资料并进行数据预处理;在地震解释软件中进行断层及层位的解释,绘制层面构造图并输出断层及层位数据,也可在该软件中进一步完成三维可视化建模;在三维建模软件GOCAD中加载基础数据、层面及断层数据,进行断层面及层面修正构建与展示三维模型。鉴于地震探测资料的不规范会增加地震数据解释工作的难度并影响到解释精度,建议:规范原始探测数据的归档要求,在每条活断层的探测区上增加1条联络测线,在可能的情况下采用石油单位的区域时深转换关系,提高地震剖面的解释精度 相似文献
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在山东半岛北部近海海域进行了多条剖面的声波探测，初步查明了蓬莱－威海断裂带的基本活动特征.该断裂带由一系列北西走向的次级断层组成，主体在长岛至大竹岛之间的海域，多数断层以正断兼有走滑运动为主，部分断层具有逆冲运动性质.断裂带在第四纪活动明显，以北东向桃村-东陡山断裂在海域的延伸段为界，蓬莱-威海断裂带可分为两段：长岛-烟台段和烟台-威海段.西段长岛-烟台段为晚更新世活动段，多数次级断层上断点埋深位于海底以下30m，明显错断了中更新世地层，部分断层明显错断了晚更新世早期地层，有些断层达到晚更新世地层中部，但没有发现全新世地层错动现象.东段烟台-威海段为中更新世活动段，没有发现晚更新世地层错断现象.蓬莱-威海断裂带对历史地震和现代小震活动具有明显控制作用，其中1548年7级地震发生于断裂带西段，1948年6级地震发生于断裂带东段.蓬莱-威海断裂带与北东向断裂交汇区是中强地震发生的有利部位. 相似文献
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Abstract Multichannel seismic reflection profiling in the Ulleung back-arc Basin reveals that the acoustic basement largely comprises volcanic materials. The volcanics are interlayered with sediment sequences, forming an anomalously thick layer. The volcanic activities resulted in a zonation of the acoustic basement, trending northeast-southwest. In the southeastern part, the acoustic basement is deep and obscure, whereas in the northwestern part it is shallow and forms mounds and seamounts. The volcanic activities were probably initiated in the Early Miocene ( ca 20Ma). The volcanism was time-transgressive northward, associated with the possible southward drift of the Japanese islands. 相似文献
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Optimal filtering high-resolution seismic reflection data using a weighted-mode empirical mode decomposition operator 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Leonardo Macelloni Bradley Matthew Battista Camelia Cristina Knapp 《Journal of Applied Geophysics》2011,75(4):603-614
Gas-hydrate related processes in deep-water marine settings exist on spatial scales that challenge conventional seismic reflection profiling to successfully image them. The conventional approach to acoustic identification of buried hydrates is to use advanced, cost-prohibitive survey techniques and highly customized software to define subsurface structure wherein compositional changes may be modeled and/or interpreted. This study adopts a different approach derived from recent theoretical advancements in signal processing. The method consists in optimal filtering high resolution, single-channel seismic reflection data using the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The time series is decomposed in sub-components and the noisy portions are suppressed adopting the technique that we referred as Weighted Mode(s) EMD. The optimal filtering greatly improves the resolution and fidelity of the seismic data set.High Resolution single channel seismic profiles, acquired over a carbonate\hydrates site in the northern Gulf of Mexico, manipulated in such way, show a complex, shallow subsurface, and suggest potential evidence for buried gas hydrates. 相似文献
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The origin and nature of seismic reflections of sharp-based shoreface deposits (upper Jurassic Siliciclastics, northern France) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
H. Braaksma G.G. Drijkoningen N. Filippidou J.A.M. Kenter J.N. Proust 《Geophysical Prospecting》2006,54(2):211-236
In order to advance understanding of the relationship between geological properties and their physical expression in reflection images, this study has focused expertise in reflection geophysics, petrophysics and sedimentology on the same geological object, in this case a succession of Upper Jurassic sharp‐based shoreface deposits embedded in offshore marine shales in northern France. This integrated approach to determine firstly the origin and nature of seismic reflections (calibration) and secondly to provide a means of extracting geological information from seismic imagery (inverse calibration) was built on the following analytical steps. Firstly, detailed and extensive petrophysical analyses of outcrop (plug) samples, continuous core and sonic well logs, in combination with a quantification of mineralogical and textural properties, allowed a direct conversion of acoustic properties (impedance) into sedimentological properties, resulting in a quantitative physical sequence stratigraphic model. Secondly, the integration of scale‐dependent acoustic measurements, ranging from 0.01 m and 320 kHz on cores up to the wavelength of field seismic data was established using an averaging algorithm (an effective‐medium‐theory type) as an upscaling approach. This alternative to a VSP or check shot allows an optimized depth–time conversion and hence determination of the origin of the seismic reflections with previously unattainable accuracy. Finally, the shape and scale dependence of impedance contrasts were integrated into so‐called singularity parameters that directly link depositional changes with information from seismic reflections: depositional changes in the shallow‐water domain are generally characterized by step functions, whereas those in more distal depositional environments are represented by spiky functions. This approach allows the recognition of the associated reflection events and, vice versa, it provides a unique opportunity to extract the character of impedance changes, and thus changes in depositional environment, from seismic reflection records in general. This integrated and multiscale characterization of sharp‐based shoreface deposits calibrates the typical reflection patterns for such sedimentary units. These include continuous high‐amplitude smooth and flat tops, discontinuous sharp basal reflections with variable amplitude, and complex sigmoidal high‐amplitude reflections within the compound shoreface deposits. In addition, the results of this study, by detailing the effects of scale and frequency on impedance changes, improve the identification of similar deposits in subsurface seismic data and the extraction of maximum amounts of geological information beyond seismic resolution. 相似文献
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利用浅地层剖面仪对郯庐断裂带莱州湾段进行了活断层探测，发现郯庐断裂带主干断裂在第四纪晚期以来具有明显的活动，继承了晚第三纪以来的主要构造活动特点，仍是这一区域的主导性构造. 西支KL3断裂由多条高角度正断裂组成，最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期至全新世早期，受到一系列错断晚更新世晚期沉积的北东或近东西向断裂的切割；东支龙口断裂由两段右阶斜列的次级断层组成，沿断裂带不但有明显的晚第四纪断错活动，而且还发育北北东向晚第四纪生长褶皱，表现出明显的晚更新世晚期至全新世活动特征. 在山东陆地区也发现了与龙口断裂相对应的安丘——莒县断裂，安丘段由一系列右阶斜列的次级断层组成. 从安丘向北至莱州湾凹陷，郯庐断裂带东支活断层构成了一条右旋单剪变形带，每一个次级活断层段相当于带内理论上次级压剪面，在第四纪晚期以来仍以右旋走滑活动为主要特征. 相似文献
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Introduction The Tanlu fault zone, the largest active structure in the eastern region of China, is character-ized by right lateral strike-slip movement with dip-slip component in the Quaternary; it shows great significance for the modern seismicity (FANG et al, 1976; Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration, 1987; GAO et al, 1980; MA, 1987; LI, 1989; CHAO et al, 1995). The Tanlu fault zone is the boundary between the Jiaoliao block and the North China Plain block of … 相似文献
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Acoustic impedance is one of the best attributes for seismic interpretation and reservoir characterisation. We present an approach for estimating acoustic impedance accurately from a band‐limited and noisy seismic data. The approach is composed of two stages: inverting for reflectivity from seismic data and then estimating impedance from the reflectivity inverted in the first stage. For the first stage, we achieve a two‐step spectral inversion that locates the positions of reflection coefficients in the first step and determines the amplitudes of the reflection coefficients in the second step under the constraints of the positions located in the first step. For the second stage, we construct an iterative impedance estimation algorithm based on reflectivity. In each iteration, the iterative impedance estimation algorithm estimates the absolute acoustic impedance based on an initial acoustic impedance model that is given by summing the high‐frequency component of acoustic impedance estimated at the last iteration and a low‐frequency component determined in advance using other data. The known low‐frequency component is used to restrict the acoustic impedance variation tendency in each iteration. Examples using one‐ and two‐dimensional synthetic and field seismic data show that the approach is flexible and superior to the conventional spectral inversion and recursive inversion methods for generating more accurate acoustic impedance models. 相似文献
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Amplitude variation with offset (AVO) analysis and waveform inversion are techniques used to determine qualitative or quantitative information on gas hydrates and free gas in sediments. However, the quantitative contribution of gas hydrates to the acoustic impedance contrast observed at the bottom‐simulating reflector and the reliability of quantitative AVO analyses are still topics of discussion. In this study, common‐midpoint gathers from multichannel wide‐angle reflection seismic data, acquired offshore Costa Rica, have been processed to preserve true amplitude information at the bottom‐simulating reflector for a quantitative AVO analysis incorporating angles of incidence of up to 60°. Corrections were applied for effects that significantly alter the observed amplitudes, such as the source directivity. AVO and rock‐physics modelling indicate that free gas immediately beneath the gas‐hydrate stability zone can be detected and low concentrations can be quantified from AVO analysis, whereas the offset‐dependent reflectivity is not sensitive to gas‐hydrate concentrations of less than about 10% at the base of the gas‐hydrate stability zone. Bulk free‐gas saturations up to 5% have been determined from the reflection seismic data assuming a homogeneous distribution of free gas in the sediment. Assuming a patchy distribution of free gas increases the estimated concentrations up to 14%. There is a patchy occurrence of bottom‐simulating reflectors south‐east of the Nicoya Peninsula on the continental margin, offshore Costa Rica. AVO analysis indicates that this phenomenon is related to the local presence of free gas beneath the gas‐hydrate stability zone, probably related to a focused vertical fluid flow. In areas without bottom‐simulating reflectors, the results indicate that no free gas is present. 相似文献
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本文利用引进的ChirpⅢ声学剖面系统以及Boomer轰鸣器单道地震系统在不同水域环境下进行了活断层调查研究。通过分别在江河、湖泊以及海域等环境下进行测试,都获得了较好的地层剖面记录,并据此对调查水域的活断层存在情况进行了判断。通过对不同条件下的测试结果进行对比,认为本套探测适合用于查明晚第四系（从数十米到上百米）沉积结构,判断晚第四纪断层存在及其活动性,是了解工程区潜在地质灾害因素的重要途径。另外,本套系统的探测效果与水深以及地层土层性质有较大的关系,在具有一定水深（4m以上）、土层以粘土、粉土居多的地层条件下探测效果较好。 相似文献