共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 639 毫秒
1.
《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(4)
汶川地震积累了大量公路桥梁的震害资料,这为开展公路桥梁震害与地震烈度的相关性研究奠定了基础。本文整体介绍了汶川地震公路桥梁的震害情况,通过统计整理近2 000座桥梁的震害资料,分别得到了拱桥与梁桥的主要震害类型,并探讨了它们的发生概率与不同地震烈度的对应关系,还分析了关键构件的破坏程度随地震烈度的变化规律。最后,基于桥梁破坏等级和典型震害的形式分别提出了评定地震烈度的建议指标,并进行了对比分析。 相似文献
2.
通过对汶川地震、通海地震、唐山地震和澜沧-耿马地震中水利工程破坏情况的统计分析,本文以统计表的形式直观地反映了水利工程震害的特点及破坏形式.根据水利工程的震害特点,探讨分析了水利工程震害的主要影响因素,结果表明地震烈度、结构设计、施工质量、地基及场地条件是水利工程震害的主要影响因素.基于水利工程震害的特点及主要影响因素... 相似文献
3.
叙述了地震时埋地管道可能遭受的破坏形式、影响管道震害的因素及破坏等级的划分。论述了用模糊数学法进行埋地管线震害预测的方法和步骤，利用这一方法对忻州市供水管网主干线进行了震害预测，给出了在地震烈度Ⅶ度～Ⅸ度作用下的震害预测结果。 相似文献
4.
收集了云南地区从１６２４～１９８８年遭受地震破坏的各类桥梁６７座的震害资料,并给出了桥梁的震害、建造年代、场地等情况及破坏程度的划分,根据云南地区地震对桥梁的破坏,石拱桥占的数量较多,钢筋混凝土桥较少。章主要对石拱桥及钢筋混凝土桥的构件震害表现进行分析探讨,认为在一般场地地质条件下,当受到不大于Ⅷ度地震的作用,桥梁受力构件基本不会产生明显破坏;而在场地不利情况下,Ⅵ、Ⅶ度地震都可能会遭受破坏。 相似文献
5.
6.
《地震工程与工程振动》2021,41(5)
地震损失分析对于防灾减灾有着重要的意义。基于实际破坏的地震损失分析是比较直接有效的手段,但是由于缺乏大量详细的地震破坏资料,现行的基于实际震害的地震损失分析大都是基于建筑物群体或某类建筑物整体的分析,缺少在建筑物构件层次上详细地分析各个构件的地震破坏和损失,特别是非结构构件的破坏。文中基于新西兰16次地震300余万条详细震害记录,首先从结构性破坏和非结构性破坏两方面剖析建筑物在地震中的损失,然后在构件的层次上详细地分析建筑物主要构件的地震破坏。研究结果表明:地震灾害中,建筑物80%以上损失来源于非结构性破坏,其中墙面装饰物破坏是非结构性破坏损失的主要成分,其次是墙体覆盖层和天花板的损失;板式基础和桩是结构构件破坏损失的主要成分。这个研究结果表明在未来的建筑物抗震设计和施工中需要特别关注非结构构件的地震破坏。 相似文献
7.
结构震害指数研究评述 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
结构震害指数是评价某个结构或构件在受到地震作用后的破坏状态的无量纲指数,是人们在地震后对受损建筑做出处理决策的重要理论依据。对国际上较常用的震害指数计算模型进行了简要介绍和评述,分析了这些模型的优缺点,在此基础上提出震害指数今后研究的发展方向和建议。 相似文献
8.
9.
九寨沟7.0地震给九寨沟地区建筑结构及非结构构件造成了严重破坏。本文主要涉及调查区域包括漳扎镇、甲藩古城、若尔盖县阿西茸乡、求吉乡及包座乡等。主要调查框架结构、砖混结构、大跨空间结构以及木结构的非结构构件震害。此次调查的结构多数是2000年以后建造,8度设防,在2008年汶川地震中主体结构和非结构构件均未受到影响。在此次地震中,非结构构件大量损坏,破坏主要以框架、砌体填充墙开裂或变形或局部倒塌、吊顶脱落、地板隆起、吊顶设备掉落、玻璃震碎等震害为主。调查结果表明,与以往地震不同,Ⅷ度区内仅有的三个大跨度结构均发生不同程度的破坏,其中一个结构出现节点破坏,此次地震中大跨空间结构非结构构件震损尤为明显,非结构构件设备损失最为严重。另一个不同于以往地震震害的是位于Ⅵ度区山坡上的木结构非结构震害明显比坡下要严重一些。 相似文献
10.
2017年8月8日九寨沟7.0级地震引发贯通重灾区的S301省道、Z120县道多处损坏,给应急救援和灾后重建带来较大困难。利用高分辨率无人机和卫星影像可以对道路震害情况进行评估。本文首先对道路震害进行破坏类型和破坏等级的划分,针对不同分辨率影像所表现的道路破坏特征,建立各破坏等级、各损坏类型的解译标志,并完成灾区遥感图像覆盖范围内主要道路震害的研判与评估。经统计分析,研究区域共出现110处明显破坏,其中,68处为部分损坏,42处为完全损毁,道路整体破坏严重。 相似文献
11.
为实现震后路基边坡的快速修复,提出基于树根桩加固的震后公路路基边坡综合修复技术。根据路基震害及地质环境对路基边坡的影响分析因素,采用树根桩技术及气泡轻质填土技术修复路基边坡;利用三维有限差分法模拟树桩加固气泡轻质填土修复后路基边坡得到参数值,再结合强度折减法计算得到的路基边坡稳定系数,最后得到优化树根桩的设计参数,以实现震后路基边坡综合修复。以上方法通过仿真模拟实验,得到最优的树根桩排距为2.5 dm。 相似文献
12.
Two correctly-scaled model cantilever retaining walls of different stiffnesses were tested under dynamic loading conditions in a centrifuge. A medium-dense fine sand was retained with a range of backfill slopes. For the centrifuge model, an earthquake-generating mechanism was designed to produce seismic shaking equivalent to that generated at ground surface in the epicentral area of an earthquake of approximate magnitude 5–5. The response of the model retaining walls to the input dynamic motion was measured by strain gauges, pressure transducers and accelerometers. From the measurements plots were constructed of moment, shear, pressure and displacement over the height of the walls as a function of time. The results are compared with calculations based on the quasi-static Mononobe-Okabe theory. Although the calculated resultant force is in reasonable agreement with the experiments, the moments can be substantially different. Residual values of all parameters at the end of shaking are considerably greater than the initial static values. It is recommended that dynamic behaviour be incorporated in the earthquake design of retaining walls. 相似文献
13.
Post-earthquake investigation on several geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls and slopes during the Ji-Ji earthquake of Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Hoe I. Ling Dov Leshchinsky Nelson N. S. Chou 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(4):3087
This paper gives an overview on the application of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures in Taiwan. Taiwan has an unique topography and geotechnical conditions that rendered a less conservative and more challenging design compared to that of North America, Europe and Japan. The Ji-Ji (Chi-Chi) earthquake of 1999 gave an opportunity to examine the behavior of reinforced soil structures. The performance of several modular-block reinforced soil retaining walls and reinforced slopes at the vicinity of the fault was evaluated. Reinforced structures performed better than unreinforced soil retaining walls. The failure cases were highlighted and the cause of failure was identified. The lack of seismic design consideration could be a major cause of failure. The compound failure mode, the inertia force of the blocks, and the connection stiffness and strength relative to the large dynamic earth pressure, were among major items that would warrant further design consideration. 相似文献
14.
Gravity retaining wall with geogrids has showed excellent seismic performance from Wenchuan great earthquake. However, seismic damage mechanism of this kind of wall is not sufficiently clear. In view of this, a large shaking table test of the gravity retaining wall with geogrids to reinforce the subgrade slope was carried out, and based on the Hilbert-Huang transform and the marginal spectrum theory, the energy identification method of the slope dynamic failure mode was studied. The results show that the geogrids can effectively reduce displacement and rotation of the retaining wall, and it can effectively absorb the energy of the ground movement when combined with the surrounding soil. In addition, it also reveals the failure development of the gravity retaining wall with geogrids to reinforce the subgrade slope. The damage started in the deep zone near the geogrids, and then gradually extended to the surface of the subgrade slope and other zones, finally formed a continuous failure surface along the geogrids. The analysis results of the failure mode identified by the Hilbert marginal spectrum are in good consistency with the experimental results, which prove that the Hilbert marginal spectrum can be applied to obtain the seismic damage mechanism of slope.
相似文献15.
汶川地震房屋震害的一些现象分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake caused a great deal of damage and collapse to engineering structures. Survey of disaster and engineering damage was made in detail by the authors and other researchers in the extreme earthquake disaster area. The paper makes an overview of the earthquake disaster status and damage phenomena which include brick-concrete buildings, frame structures, brick-wood structures, and timber frame residential buildings. Furthermore, the causes of the disaster and building damage phenomena are briefly discussed. In addition, some typical damage phenomena are specialized. According to the phenomena mentioned above, some feasible seismic measures are suggested for the development of buildings in future. 相似文献
16.
17.
Tavakoli Hamidreza Kutanaei Saman Soleimani Hosseini Seyed Hossein 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2019,18(3):555-566
Retaining walls have been used in many construction projects such as for road and inclined surfaces protection. The damage caused by an earthquake depends on the fundamental frequency, amplitude and the duration of the seismic motion. These parameters strongly depend on the seismic properties of the layers that are near the surface. In the study of retaining walls, in addition to the influence of soil, the influence of topography is also important. In the present study, site response analysis is performed by using finite element software PLAXIS to obtain the effect of various factors such as embedded length of the sheet pile, underground water table, length and angle of the nail, shear wave velocity of soil on site effect and dynamic response. Moreover, for better understanding of the effect of the above parameters, the stability analysis was performed by using shear reduction method. The results show that an increase in the embedded length of the sheet pile and the length of nailing causes an increase in the amplification factor. Moreover, for shear-wave velocity in the range of 200-600 m/s, the amplification factor increases with increase of the shear-wave velocity due to the decrease of nonlinear behavior. 相似文献
18.
介绍基于性能抗震设计的核心理念,以支挡结构震害调查分析为背景,阐述开展高烈度区重力式挡墙基于性能抗震设计研究的必要性;构建重力式挡墙基于性能的抗震设计框架,归类分析现行规范与基于性能抗震设计的关键技术问题;依据支挡结构震害调查及大型振动台模型试验,提出位移指数可作为衡量挡墙抗震性能的量化指标,确定重力式挡墙基于性能抗震设计的性能准则及流程;经对比计算基于性能与规范抗震设计的挡墙算例,显示基于性能抗震设计的优越性,为高烈度区重力式挡墙基于性能抗震设计的工程应用提出建议。 相似文献
19.
Bridges are crucial to the transportation network in a region struck by an earthquake. Collapse of a bridge determines if a road is passable. Ability of a bridge to carry traffic load after an earthquake determines the weight and speed of vehicles that can cross it. Extent of system and component structural damage in bridges determines the cost and time required for repair. Today, post‐earthquake bridge evaluation is qualitative rather than quantitative. The research presented in this paper aims to provide a quantitative engineering basis for quick and reliable evaluation of the ability of a typical highway overpass bridge to function after an earthquake. The Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research (PEER) Center's probabilistic performance‐based evaluation approach provides the framework for post‐earthquake bridge evaluation. An analytical study was performed that linked engineering demand parameters to earthquake intensity measures. The PEER structural performance database and reliability analysis tools were then used to link demand parameters to damage measures. Finally, decision variables were developed to describe three limit states, repair cost, traffic function, and collapse, in terms of induced damage. This paper presents the analytical models used to evaluate post‐earthquake bridge function, decision variables and their correlation to the considered limit states, and fragility curves that represent the probability of exceeding a bridge function limit state given an earthquake intensity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献