首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
饱和黄土液化判别方法的两点发现   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
黄土液化实例多与现有可液化土地质年代规定不符。采用动三轴弯曲元试验设备对原状黄土饱和过程进行剪切波速跟踪测试,发现黄土浸水、结构先破坏再固结形成新的稳定结构的特点,证明经历过饱和的黄土已不能再视其为饱和前的地质年代。兰州马兰黄土中的黏粒有些是以黏土团块的形式存在,而黏土团块并不影响其他部分粉质土的液化,因此对于此类土应用黏粒含量进行液化判别时,应考虑将黏土团块不计入黏粒含量。  相似文献   

2.
粉煤灰改良饱和黄土的抗液化特性   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
为了经济、环保地达到改良处理减轻饱和黄土地基液化震害的目的,通过配备不同粉煤灰掺量的改良黄土进行动三轴试验,研究饱和粉煤灰改良黄土的动应力、动应变和动孔隙水压力变化特征,分析粉煤灰掺量对饱和改良黄土液化应力比、动残余变形和动孔隙水压力的影响规律,并结合微结构试验结果,探讨饱和粉煤灰改良黄土抗液化的物理化学机制。结果表明:粉煤灰掺量对饱和改良黄土的液化应力比、动应变和动孔隙水压力比均具有较为显著的影响。随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,饱和改良黄土的液化应力比持续增加,且当掺量达到15%后,继续增加粉煤灰掺量时改良黄土的液化应力比增加显著。饱和改良黄土的动应变和动孔隙水压力比均随着粉煤灰掺量的增加而减小;掺量达到25%后,饱和改良黄土不液化。饱和粉煤灰改良黄土的SEM细观结构试验照片中呈现大量的圆球状、粒状粉煤灰颗粒和絮凝状胶结物,表明其抗液化的物理化学机制主要包括粉煤灰的水化作用、胶体生成物和颗粒的填隙作用和粉煤灰对游离水的吸附作用。  相似文献   

3.
目前,主要依靠室内动力试验对黄土液化势进行评价。由于黄土特殊的结构性,室内试验对其饱和的过程较为复杂,且与实际场地饱和黄土差异明显,导致室内黄土液化试验结果并不能代表现场饱和黄土的抗液化强度。本文选取兰州市西固区寺儿沟村某饱和黄土场地进行钻孔测试,现场实施了标准贯入试验、静力触探试验以及剪切波速测试。应用Robertson的土类指数分类图对该场地不同含水率黄土的土类进行了界定,确定了饱和黄土属于类砂土,有液化势。应用NCEER推荐方法,计算了3组原位试验数据的饱和黄土循环抗力比(CRR),通过与1976年唐山地震和1999年集集地震液化土CRR对比,得出了饱和黄土抗液化强度很低的结论。  相似文献   

4.
Lateral deformation of liquefiable soil is a cause of much damage during earthquakes, reportedly more than other forms of liquefaction-induced ground failures. Researchers have presented studies in which the liquefied soil is considered as viscous fluid. In this manner, the liquefied soil behaves as non-Newtonian fluid, whose viscosity decreases as the shear strain rate increases. The current study incorporates computational fluid dynamics to propose a simplified dynamic analysis for the liquefaction-induced lateral deformation of earth slopes. The numerical procedure involves a quasi-linear elastic model for small to moderate strains and a Bingham fluid model for large strain states during liquefaction. An iterative procedure is considered to estimate the strain-compatible shear stiffness of soil. The post-liquefaction residual strength of soil is considered as the initial Bingham viscosity. Performance of the numerical procedure is examined by using the results of centrifuge model and shaking table tests together with some field observations of lateral ground deformation. The results demonstrate that the proposed procedure predicts the time history of lateral ground deformation with a reasonable degree of precision.  相似文献   

5.
饱和黄土在不同外荷载作用下其液化机理具有显著差异。为研究饱和黄土动态液化和静态液化机理的差异性,基于室内动三轴试验和静三轴试验,研究岷县永光饱和黄土动态液化后的动应力与轴向动应变关系、动孔隙水压力比与轴向动应变关系,分析其静态液化后的偏应力与轴向应变关系、孔隙水压力比与轴向应变关系,并结合液化前、后的SEM试验结果,研究动、静态液化对饱和黄土结构特征的影响,探讨两种液化机理的差异性。研究结果表明:饱和黄土在循环动荷载作用下,土骨架强度逐渐丧失,孔隙变形不断发展,从而导致孔隙水压力上升,直至出现具有流滑特征的动态液化;而在单调静荷载作用下,土体内的架空孔隙逐渐被压缩,落入孔隙中的土颗粒重新排列、组合,从而导致孔隙水压力增加,直至出现静态液化;动态液化后饱和黄土的表观孔隙面积比静态液化后的更小,孔隙均一性比静态液化后的更好,孔隙排列比静态液化后的更无序,孔隙结构相对于静态液化后更加复杂;两种液化机理的差异性主要表现在加载导致的细观结构变化过程差异引起的孔隙水压力增长模式不同。研究结果可为黄土地区液化灾害及液化诱发滑坡灾害的防治提供理论依据。  相似文献   

6.
本文通过对某核电厂取水明渠导流堤地基土粉砂层室内共振柱试验及动三轴液化试验,测定了动剪切模量、阻尼比与动剪应变幅的双曲线关系,分析了粉砂的动力变形特性,探讨了砂土的抗液化强度与液化振次之间的乘幂函数关系,确定了该地基土的抗液化强度指标。为评价导流堤的地震稳定和液化分析提供了相关参数,同时对堤坝工程场地的地震安全性评价和液化评判有良好的借鉴和参考价值。  相似文献   

7.
Critical state soil mechanics is a useful framework to understand sand behavior. In this paper, a relationship is developed for estimating undrained critical shear strength of sands based on the critical state framework. The relationship is validated by comparison with laboratory test results and sand liquefied strength from field liquefaction failure case histories. Using this relationship, the influence of fines content on undrained critical shear strength is studied for different combinations of effective stress and density. The parametric study indicates that depending on soil void ratio, effective stress, and the shape and mineralogy of the fine particles, undrained critical strength may increase, remain the same, or decrease as the amount of fines content increases. Both the susceptibility to liquefaction and the severity of strain-softening are affected by adding fines. It is suggested that the critical state parameter is inadequate for describing the behavior of liquefiable sands and sand shearing-compressibility should be taken into account in liquefaction analysis.  相似文献   

8.
黄土液化微细观特性试验研究   总被引:9,自引:6,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
黄土液化演化过程的微观机理分析是液化防御的科学问题之一。通过微细观及动力学试验探索黄土液化的本质和影响因素。首先用CT细观扫描实验探索黄土渗透液化的细观变化,研究表明土体液面上升的根本原因是弱碱性盐类胶结物的吸水作用导致土样含水面整体上升;试样达到高饱和度,大孔隙周围颗粒间胶结物质破坏后有效应力为零,土层液化。粉土的孔隙尺寸和特殊的胶结物质导致高饱和度。土样微观结构的差异也会影响土的液面上升和破坏强度。针对低黏性粉土、粉质砂土及粉质黏土的三类黄土液化实验分析表明,低黏性粉土动荷加载时间更短,更易于液化,即低粘性粉土液化最为严重,粉质砂土为中等液化,粉质黏土相比其他黄土类别不易液化。电镜扫描土样微观结构参数分析表明,土颗粒周围胶结物质的化学元素比值(Ca/Fe),以及土颗粒粒径分布和孔隙尺寸(孔隙与颗粒比)均影响液化等级,可初步判断液化的强弱。  相似文献   

9.
The dynamic characteristics of compacted loess are of great significance to the seismic construction of the Loess Plateau area in Northwest China, where earthquakes frequently occur. To study the change in the dynamic modulus of the foundation soil under the combined action of vertical and horizontal earthquakes, a hollow cylindrical torsion shear instrument capable of vibrating in four directions was used to perform two-way coupling of compression and torsion of Xi'an compacted loess under different dry density and deviator stress ratios. The results show that increasing the dry density can improve the initial dynamic compression modulus and initial dynamic shear modulus of compacted loess. With an increase in the deviator stress ratio, the initial dynamic compression modulus increases, to a certain extent, but the initial dynamic shear modulus decreases slightly. The dynamic modulus gradually decreases with the development of dynamic strain and tends to be stable, and the dynamic modulus that reaches the same strain increases with an increasing dry density. At the initial stage of dynamic loading, the attenuation of the dynamic shear modulus with the strain development is faster than that of the dynamic compression modulus. Compared with previous research results, it is determined that the dynamic modulus of loess under bidirectional dynamic loading is lower and the attenuation rate is faster than that under single-direction dynamic loading. The deviator stress ratio has a more obvious effect on the dynamic compression modulus. The increase in the deviator stress ratio can increase the dynamic compression modulus, to a certain extent. However, the deviator stress ratio has almost no effect on the dynamic shear modulus, and can therefore be ignored.  相似文献   

10.
应用FLAOD实现自由场液化数值模拟试验.试验结果验证了砂土液化典型特征:超静孔隙水压升高,有效应力降低,体积压缩积累增大.证实了液化的隔振作用:砂土在液化状态变为流体,不能传递剪力,液化时砂土位移、速度、加速度振幅显著降低,剪应力降低,动水向上渗流,土体向下沉降,水平残留不可恢复位移.球压应力、有效压应力、动水压力满...  相似文献   

11.
Liquefaction of saturated loose sand is a major cause of extensive damage to buildings and infrastructures during large earthquakes. A better understanding of the behaviour of liquefied soil is becoming increasingly necessary to mitigate earthquake damage, and the fluid method has become an increasingly popular means to study the behaviour of liquefied soils. The purpose of this study is to determine the fluid characteristics of liquefied fine sand. In this paper, the apparent viscosity was measured as an index of fluid characteristics using the shaking table tests of pre-liquefaction behaviour of saturated fine sand at approximately 45 % relative density; the relationship of apparent viscosity and shear strain rate on liquefying fine sand was indicated as a power-law shear-thinning non-Newtonian fluid; and liquefying fine sand has the alternating behaviour of shear dilatancy and compressibility during cyclic loading. Additionally, a series of a monotonic axial compression loading tests in an undrained manner were performed to measure the shear stress and excess pore pressure ratio relationship on the post-liquefaction saturated fine sand at approximately 50 % relative density. The fluid characteristics of post-liquefaction fine sand exhibits rate dependence and can be described by a combined fluid model of time-independent and time-dependent power-law functions; the time-independent viscous resistance is not relevant to the excess pore pressure ratio; but the time-dependent frictional resistance is closely related to the excess pore pressure ratio. Furthermore, the results of the verification tests demonstrate that the proposed fluid model has good applicability for the fluid behaviour of the post-liquefaction fine sand.  相似文献   

12.
黄土具有极强的水敏性和动力易损性,黄土地区多次强震都引起过液化、滑坡等地质灾害,造成了严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,因此振动作用下高含水率黄土的液化问题不容忽视。在大量已有研究的基础上,以宁夏党家岔滑坡为例,研究振动作用下高含水率黄土的液化问题。现场调查发现高含水率滑带土并未达到完全饱和状态(饱和度达95%左右),在新鲜的芯样断面发现有明显的"流态化"液化破坏特征。借助室内试验和数值模拟技术,对党家岔滑坡非饱和黄土层的液化性能及液化发生机理进行分析。结果表明:(1)非饱和黄土层液化发生机理可概括为:地震作用下饱和黄土层孔隙水压力激增,高含水率非饱和黄土层孔压增长响应滞后,随着孔隙水压朝上部消散,地下水向上渗流,当平均有效应力接近0时,高含水率非饱和黄土层发生液化;(2)振动过程中不同饱和度黄土孔隙水压力增长响应具有滞后性,借鉴饱和黄土液化时孔压比的判别标准和Seed简化判别法,初步证实党家岔滑坡高含水率非饱和黄土层可发生振动液化,斜坡前缘和中部土体发生液化的初始饱和度范围分别为68.3%~100%和73.8%~100%,斜坡后缘土体不发生液化。  相似文献   

13.
采用MTS810动三轴试验仪,用二氧化碳+脱气水循环渗流法对重塑黄土进行饱和,进行了一系列对石碑塬滑坡区饱和黄土液化后变形特性试验。考虑干密度和初始有效围压对黄土液化后变形特性的影响,将液化与未液化黄土在单调静荷载作用下的应力-应变曲线进行对比。实验结果表明:利用二氧化碳+脱气水循环渗流法可以使重塑黄土饱和取得较好的效果;饱和石碑塬黄土具有明显的液化特征,在强震作用下发生液化,液化后强度大大衰减,应力-应变曲线呈弱硬化型,分为两个阶段;干密度和初始有效围压对液化后黄土的强度有一定影响,初始有效围压与不排水强度呈拟合度较高的线性关系,初始有效围压越高,液化后不排水强度越大。  相似文献   

14.
通过对某核电厂取水明渠导流堤地基土室内共振柱试验及粉砂的动三轴液化试验,测定了动剪切模量、阻尼比与动剪应变幅的双曲线关系,分析了导流堤地基土的动力变形特性,探讨了砂土的抗液化强度与液化振次之间的乘幂函数关系,确定了该地基土的抗液化强度指标。试验结果为评价导流堤的地震稳定和液化分析提供了相关参数。  相似文献   

15.
为研究1920年海原地震中石碑塬地区液化滑移灾害的形成机制、滑移特征及滑移距离,对石碑塬液化滑移区进行钻孔勘探、取样以及探槽开挖。分别对钻孔及所取试样进行剪切波速测试及颗粒分析、室内动三轴试验,得出石碑塬液化滑移区地层分布情况、震时液化土体层位以及不同地震烈度条件下砂质黄土层的液化情况。综合分析钻孔勘探、颗粒分析、动三轴试验结果,揭示出海原地震中石碑塬黄土地层液化滑移灾害的形成机制:砂质黄土层液化后在自重应力以及地震力的共同作用下"托浮"第一古土壤层以及上部"粉尘化"的非饱和黄土层沿缓斜坡运动,并利用液化滑移地层滑距公式对滑移距离进行估算,得到结果为223.35 m,与实际情况较为相符。研究结果可为黄土地层液化滑移灾害的预防提供一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

16.
循环荷载下液化对土层水平往返变形的影响   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
采用多工况振动台实验研究液化对土层水平往返变形的影响.以干砂实验为参照,分析孔压增长与土层加速度和土层往返变形之间的关系.结果表明:液化将引起土表加速度显著降低,减小惯性力传递,但同时会引起土层往返剪应变明显增大.对往返变形而言,液化土层往返剪应变就可达到1%~5%的大变形状态,且液化土层往返剪应变沿深度呈下大上小分布.土层中孔压比0.4~0.8是往返变形出现放大的敏感段,在孔压比0.8左右而不是在1.0达到最大.作为其结果,土层液化将对刚性上部结构振动起减震作用,但同时增大的往返剪应变也易导致基础和地下结构破坏,特别是对液化层与下部非液化层交界处的构件更敏感.  相似文献   

17.
深厚黄土覆盖层上土石坝地震响应特性分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用非线性有限单元法和笔者曾提出的动孔压试验曲线法,对某深厚黄土覆盖层上土石坝进行了有效应力法地震响应分析,重点分析大坝的绝对加速度、动位移和动应力等动力响应及动孔隙水压力分布情况。分析结果表明,在现有设计条件下,由于坝基软弱黄土覆盖层较厚,大坝在7度地震作用下地震响应不强烈,但坝基黄土覆盖层会出现液化情况,需采取相应的抗液化工程措施。  相似文献   

18.
Wang Jun    Wang Lanmin    Wang Ping   《中国地震研究》2009,23(2):223-227
ugh the sinusoid loading dynamic triaxial test, the liquefaction property of saturated loess and sand selected from a civil airport of Lanzhou, Gansu is examined. Based on the laboratory results, a comprehensive assessment on the earthquake liquefaction potential of the loess and sand is given, using the liquefaction resistance shear stress method and the results of seismic hazard assessment. It is found that under the effect of ground motion with exceedance probability of 10% within 50 years, the loess in the study is more susceptible to liquefaction than sand.  相似文献   

19.
前人曾指出液化后伴随着超孔隙水压重新分配的渗透会引起流体破坏的可能性。为了研究这一现象,利用实验室三轴试验将孔隙水注入土壤检测了土壤的渗透剪切破坏。该实验是在各项异性的固结作用后保持差应力,使用孔隙水控制装置在体积不变的应变控制条件下将孔隙水注入。实验中所用的材料是在1995年神户地震时被液化的常规洁净细砂和风化的花岗岩土壤。本文以实验结果为基础,讨论了由孔隙水注入引起的渗透剪切破坏判据和导致后液化行为的剪切应变发展特征。  相似文献   

20.
车高凤  钟秀梅  马金莲  柴少峰  王平 《地震工程学报》2021,43(5):1208-1213,1243
土体动力特性主要与其受力状态、土体加载类型、试验控制方式以及荷载等参数有关。以往非饱和黄土累积变形试验研究通过单向动应力加载方式开展相关研究,并不能真实反映土体受力状态。现运用WF-12440型动三轴-空心圆柱扭剪试验系统,通过单向荷载和双向荷载两种不同的动应力加载方式,进行黄土的长期重复载荷试验,对比不同动应力加载方式对非饱和黄土累积变形发展特征的影响。试验结果发现:黄土在单向荷载或双向荷载作用下,其软化指数均随着循环次数的增加,呈非线性减小的趋势,在相同循环振次时,土体软化指数随着动应力幅值的增大而减小;黄土在不同加载方式作用下,软化指数减小速率在循环振次100次以内较快,后期随振次增加,土体软化速率逐渐趋于平稳;黄土在双向荷载作用下,当轴向动荷载较小时,径向荷载的施加,将加速黄土的软化程度,随着轴向动荷载的增大,径向荷载对黄土软化的影响逐渐减弱,其对于黄土变形的影响存在一临界轴向循环动应力。本研究的开展,可更准确地进行不同荷载耦合变化下,黄土场地震陷评估或路基土体变形计算,实现有效控制路基的整体稳定和工后沉降量,以期根据路基土参数预测后期沉降,极具重要的科研和工程意义。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号