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遥感技术应用于地震研究中的一个重要方面是利用遥感图像的宏观性解译地震活动的构造背景。该项目主要利用遥感及GIS地理信息软件合成数字遥感图像并利用数字高程模型DEM生成三维地貌影像图，与城市房屋等数字图层叠加，建立与地理图层相连的属性数据库，实现断层与地面建筑关系的实时查询，并对用于构造背景的三维立体模型的显示、可视化飞行技术进行初步研究，以期在城市活断层研究中得到应用。 相似文献
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利用三维可视化卫星遥感影像分析龙蟠-乔后断裂带的几何结构 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对龙蟠-乔后断裂,采用1/5万数字高程模型和2.5m分辨率的ALOS遥感影像,在ENVI 4.5平台上将二者融合,获取三维可视化卫星遥感影像。从不同的角度、尺度,对三维影像进行构造地貌解译,获得断裂的展布和活动性质。之后选择部分场点考察验证,发现地质地貌体的断错特征与影像上分析的一致,说明三维影像的构造地貌解译在获得断裂几何展布研究中完全适用。本文应用该方法对龙蟠-乔后断裂的研究表明:龙蟠-乔后断裂由北向南依次经过老母增、龙蟠东、鸿文、雄古、北高寨、龙门邑、桃园、东富乐、岩峰场等;依据断裂几何不连续、走向变化、活动性质变化等,由北向南分为龙蟠段、鸿文段、九河段、剑川盆地段、东富乐段。龙蟠段与鸿文段为左旋左阶斜列;鸿文段与九河段为左旋左阶斜列,九河段走向相较鸿文段和南侧的剑川段逆时针旋转约5°,九河盆地的发育与走向变化相关;九河段与剑川盆地段为左旋右阶斜列,剑川盆地的发育不仅与龙蟠-乔后断裂相关,更可能与丽江-小金河断裂的活动也相关;剑川盆地段与东富乐段为左旋右阶斜列,斜列区为拉分性质的沙溪盆地。综上可知,龙蟠-乔后槽谷的形成与断裂最新几何结构和运动性质仅在部分段落上一致,从这个角度看槽谷的形成不排除古河道等其它因素的影响。 相似文献
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本文系统分析了高分辨率遥感在活动断裂调查中应用的技术现状、工作流程,梳理了各类遥感数据的要求、适用条件和处理方法,总结了活动断裂的遥感解译方法、解译要素和测量参数,并通过实例解析了一些典型的断错地貌,给出了相应的遥感特征. 基于资源三号卫星的立体像对和影像,判读了大青山活动断裂的几何特征和活动特性. 结果表明: 人工改造较大的地区宜收集早期遥感影像,利用不同波段间地物光谱的差异来增强隐伏活动断裂的信息,使用空间增强方法来识别断层陡坎等线性构造;雷达数据多极化分解是检测隐伏构造信息的有效方法;由宏观信息向局部信息追踪是活动断裂解译的有效途径;将遥感影像与数字高程模型(DEM)联合可进行活动断层参数的高精度测量. 本文结果可为活动断裂大比例尺、定量调查提供参考. 相似文献
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为了更好地保证从中山站到DomeA的南极内陆冰盖考察,该考察路线沿线的地形信息是必需的．虽然Radarsat南极制图计划fRAMP）能提供迄今为止最高精度的全南极数字高程模型（DEM）,其最高水平分辨率为200m,但其真正的水平分辨率根据源数据的比例尺和区域覆盖密度不同而不同．对于冰架和内陆冰盖地区,水平精度约为5km．在东南极内陆冰盖地区和远离山脉地区该DEM的垂直精度估计为±50m,因此更高精度的地形数据还不存在．为了满足将来对地形信息更高精度的要求,由于ASTER光学影像具有高的空间分辨率05m）,而ICESat／GLAS测高数据有较高的高程精度（13．8cm）,因此本文融合ASTER立体数据和ICESat／GLAS测高数据提取了该考察路线高精度数字高程模型．首先选择一些测高数据点作为ASTER提取DEM过程中的高程控制,以减少匹配错误．由于从75°～81°S范围没有合格的ASTER立体数据覆盖,并且在该范围内ICESat轨道覆盖度大,观测数据比较密集,因此在该区域仅使用ICESat测高数据提取DEM,最后生成覆盖整条路线的DEM．分析结果表明DEM精度得到很大的提高,DEM的绝对垂直精度某些地区优于15m,除了影像009—001外,其余所有结果精度都在30m以内．其内部精度优于15m,某些情况下优于7m．生成的结果达到1：50000制图标准．结果表明在南极地区,综合利用各种遥感数据提取南极地区冰面地形信息是一种经济有效的手段． 相似文献
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木里—盐源地区地处青藏高原东南缘,属于古特提斯洋构造域,是松潘—甘孜地块及扬子地块的交接地带,是研究青藏高原东南缘构造演化过程的重要区域.本文介绍的是横穿木里—盐源地区的大地电磁剖面,自北西向南东依次跨越锦屏山断裂、木里弧形构造区、丽江—小金河断裂、盐源盆地、金河—箐河断裂等构造.维性分析表明木里弧形构造区和金河—箐河断裂都表现为较强的三维性,因此本文采用大地电磁三维反演技术,获得了木里—盐源地区的精细电性结构.电性模型显示,沿剖面可以划分为4个主要的电性构造单元.锦屏山断裂以北的川西北次级地块下方10~20 km处,发育北西向低阻体,推断是古老的义敦岛弧区残留的物质;锦屏山断裂以南至丽江—小金河断裂为高阻体,可能是锦屏山山根;丽江—小金河断裂下方~10 km处发育北东向的低阻体,与龙门山—锦屏山构造带走向一致,结合剖面附近表现为张性的震源机制解特点,推测该低阻体很可能是北部的塑性物质受阻后一部分往西南沿着丽江—小金河断裂缝隙挤入的结果;盐源盆地下方在3~7 km发育厚度约5 km、长度达40 km的低阻层,电性主轴方向为北西向,与盐源断裂走向一致,解释为盐岩层,尤其是南段低阻体表现为延伸至地表的特征,与地表盐泉对应,为在盐源地区开展深部找钾盐矿提供了电磁方面的证据. 相似文献
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《地震地质》2017,(6)
为高效获取民乐-永昌断裂西段活动构造研究的定量参数,利用ERDAS软件,基于SPOT6立体像对提取高分辨率点云数据,经过滤波和插值生成2m分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM);DEM数据线性高程精度达1m。基于DEM数据提取的高地貌面上的3条廊带剖面显示,区域存在明显的褶皱变形,后续通过高精度差分GPS实测河流阶地纵剖面进一步揭示T2阶地存在高度约2.0m的构造抬升。廊带剖面和河流阶地纵剖面显示断裂-褶皱变形整体走向为311°,与小震精定位反演拟合断层参数和震源机制解结果相近,其位置也与地震应急科考资料显示现场情况吻合。上述结果表明,民乐-永昌隐伏断裂西段民乐—大马营段存在明显的构造变形,支持该断裂为2003年民乐-山丹MS6.1和5.8级地震发震断层的认识。立体像对对于活动构造研究具有重要的作用,可为室内确定构造变形的空间位置和野外详细考察提供重要指导。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2020,(2)
高精度、高分辨率的地形地貌数据是活动构造定量研究的重要基础数据。传统研究方法中,通过航卫片或遥感影像解译只能获取二维平面特征,中等分辨率DEM(5～10m网格单元)只适用于大尺度三维地貌特征的提取。激光雷达测量(Light Detection and Ranging,Li DAR)技术可直接对地貌进行高精度、全方位的三维地表形态测量,为活动构造研究提供了精细的地貌形态数据,有助于深化对断裂带地表破裂过程和断裂活动特性的理解。文中选取青藏高原东北缘香山-天景山断裂带西段的景泰小红山断裂中一段断错地貌明显的断裂段作为研究对象,基于高精度Li DAR数据生成了景泰小红山断裂0. 3m高分辨率的数字高程模型(DEM),沿断裂带详细识别并测量了地貌标志(冲沟、山脊和阶地)的断错位移,获得了地貌标志的82个水平位移和62个垂直位移,并分析了不同方向上的位移丛集特征。结果显示,沿断裂的水平与垂直位移均可识别出5个丛集,其中最小丛集可能指示最新一次地震的同震位移,而其它位移丛集则反映了断裂带多次地震活动累积的结果。通过对多个断错标志的水平和垂直位移合成的滑动矢量进行分析,可以看出该断层段的运动习性具有分段不均匀特征,不同段落的倾滑矢量有一定的差异。 相似文献
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丽江-小金河断裂中段晚第四纪古地震历史 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
丽江-小金河断裂为川滇菱形块体内部重要的次级边界断裂,沿断裂断错地貌清晰,晚第四纪活动强烈,但历史上无地表破裂型地震的记录,其大震复发行为仍不清楚,难以评价其地震危险性。文中选取断错地貌最为显著的丽江-小金河断裂中段,在高分辨率卫星影像解译的基础上,在母猪达、红星和干塘子开挖3个探槽,并利用放射性碳测年和古地震事件的Ox Cal建模对古地震事件年龄进行了限定。研究结果表明,母猪达探槽揭示了3次古地震事件,分别发生在7 940~6 540a BP、4 740~4 050a BP和1 830~420a BP;红星探槽揭示了2次古地震事件,分别发生在5 120~3 200a BP和2 100~1 220a BP;干塘子探槽揭示了至少3次古地震事件,分别发生在44 980~17 660a BP、7 210~3 810a BP和2 540~1 540a BP,因为地层存在缺失,该探槽中揭示的事件可能不完整。综合3个探槽结果,全新世以来丽江-小金河断裂中段有3次古地震,分别发生在7 940~7 210a BP、4 740~4 050a BP和1 830~1 540a BP,其大震复发大致符合准周期模式,平均复发间隔约3 000a,震级达M7.5。考虑到丽江-小金河断裂中段较强的晚第四纪活动和较长的大震离逝时间,其未来地震危险性值得关注。 相似文献
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AI Ming BI Hai-yun ZHENG Wen-jun YIN Jin-hui YUAN Dao-yang REN Zhi-kun CHEN Gan LIU Jin-rui 《地震地质》2018,40(6):1276-1293
With the development of photogrammetry technology and the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)technology in recent years, using UAV photogrammetry technology to rapidly acquire high precision and high resolution topographic and geomorphic data on the fault zone has gradually become an important technical means. This paper first summarizes the basic principle and workflow of a new digital photogrammetry technology, SfM (Structure from Motion), which is simple, efficient and low cost. Using this technology, we conducted aerial image acquisition and data processing for a typical fault landform on the northern of Caka Basin in Qinghai. The digital elevation model (DEM)with 6.1cm/pix resolution is generated and the density of point cloud is as high as 273 points/m2. The coverage area is 0.463km2. Further, the terrain and slope data parallel to the fault direction are extracted by topographic analysis method, and combined with the contour map and the slope diagram generated by the DEM, a fine interpretation and quantitative study of complex multilevel geomorphic surfaces is carried out. Finally, based on the results of sophisticated interpretation of geomorphology, we got the vertical displacements of the T1 terrace to the T3 terrace as (1.01±0.06)m, (1.37±0.13)m and (3.10±0.11)m, and the minimum vertical displacements of the T4 terrace and the T5 terrace as (3.77±0.14)m and (5.46±0.26)m, respectively, through the topographic profile data extracted by DEM. Such vertical displacement parameters are difficult to obtain directly by traditional remote sensing images, which shows the great application prospect of UAV photogrammetry technology in the quantitative study of active tectonics. 相似文献
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High-accuracy topographical information extraction based on fusion of ASTER stereo-data and ICESat/GLAS data in Antarctica 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In order to better support Antarctic inland ice sheet expedition from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, the topographic data are
necessary. At present, although the entire Antarctic DEM provided by RAMP (Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project) was estimated
at the highest horizontal (spatial) resolution of about 200 m, the real horizontal resolution of the DEM varies from place
to place depending on the density and scale of the original source data. For ice shelves and the inland ice sheet, the horizontal
resolution is about 5 km; the vertical accuracy is estimated to be ±50 m in interior East Antarctic ice sheet and away from
the mountain ranges. Therefore, more accurate topographic data are unavailable in Antarctica. In order to meet the requirements
of high-accuracy topographic information for further researches, this paper mainly addresses a fusion study of ASTER stereo
pairs and ICESat/GLAS altimetry data for extraction of high-accuracy DEM in East Antarctica, based on the high horizontal
resolution (15 m) of ASTER and vertical accuracy (13.8 cm) of ICESat/GLAS. First, some altimetry data were selected as vertical
control points to reduce errors of image correlation matching during the extraction of ASTER-based DEM. Second, ice sheet
altimetry data derived from ICESat were used to generate DEM ranging from 75° to 81°S because existing ASTER data do not cover
this area and high density of the coverage of ICESat altimetry data. Finally, the DEM in coverage of the expedition route
was produced. The analysis of result reveals that the DEM accuracy is improved significantly. The absolute vertical accuracy
of DEM is higher than 15 m in some cases and higher than 30 m for all the areas along the expedition route except from the
009-001 scene; the interior accuracy is higher than 15 m and higher than 7 m in some cases. It can meet the requirements of
topographic map at 1:50000 scale, which is an economic and advantageous method to produce the topographic products.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No. 40606002), Surveying and Mapping in Chinese Antarctic Expedition
Area (Grant No. 1469990711109-1), National Key Technology R & D Program (Grant No. 2006BAD18B01), and GLA12 dataset of ICESat/GLAS
in National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) 相似文献
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WANG Si-yu AI Ming WU Chuan-yong LEI Qi-yun ZHANG Hui-ping REN Guang-xue LI Chuan-you REN Zhi-kun 《地震地质》2018,40(5):999-1017
Traditional method to generate Digital Elevation Model (DEM)through topographic map and topographic measurement has weak points such as low efficiency, long operating time and small range. The emergence of DEM-generation technology from high resolution satellite image provides a new method for rapid acquisition of large terrain and geomorphic data, which greatly improves the efficiency of data acquisition. This method costs lower compared with LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), has large coverage compared with SfM (Structure from Motion). However, there is still lack of report on whether the accuracy of DEM generated from stereo-imagery satisfies the quantitative research of active tectonics. This research is based on LPS (Leica Photogrammetry Suit)software platform, using Worldview-2 panchromatic stereo-imagery as data source, selecting Kumishi Basin in eastern Tianshan Mountains with little vegetation as study area. We generated 0.5m resolution DEM of 5-km swath along the newly discovered rupture zone at the south of Kumishi Basin, measured the height of fault scarps on different levels of alluvial fans based on the DEM, then compared with the scarp height measured by differential GPS survey in the field to analyze the accuracy of the extracted DEM. The results show that the elevation difference between the topographic profiles derived from the extracted DEM and surveyed by differential GPS ranges from -2.82 to 4.87m. The shape of the fault scarp can be finely depicted and the deviation is 0.30m after elevation correction. The accuracy of measuring the height of fault scarps can reach 0.22m, which meets the need of high-precision quantitative research of active tectonics. It provides great convenience for rapidly obtaining fine geometry, profiles morphology, vertical dislocations of fault and important reference for sites selection for trench excavation, slip rate, and samples. This method has broad prospects in the study of active tectonics. 相似文献
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AbstractA digital elevation model (DEM) derived from a stereo pair of WorldView-2 (WV-2) images was assessed against ground-truth GPS point datasets. Two assessment methods were used: (a) vertical accuracy assessment and (b) hydrological assessment of surface runoff variables. Three agricultural plots with different topographic slopes were selected to perform a vertical accuracy assessment, followed by a comparative assessment of a set of hydrological variables. The results show an overall vertical accuracy of 0.45 m, confirming the potential of WV-2 stereo images to extract elevation information at high spatial resolution. Concerning plot-scale micro-topographic features, the WV-2 DEM performed better on the plot with rolling slopes (5–10%), extracting variables such as the total length and drainage area of flow paths with relative errors lower than 20%. However, some limitations were detected in the extraction of variables such as terrain slope, drainage points of flow paths and terrain depressions in areas of flatter slopes (<5%).
Editor Z.W. Kundzewicz; Associate editor D. Gerten 相似文献
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数字高程模型是重要的地理空间数据,可以提供丰富的地形信息.为了获得时效性好、分辨率高的数字高程模型,本文以南京市为实验区域,利用德国宇航局TerraSAR-X卫星同一轨道上的两幅StripMap模式SAR影像对,主从影像时间间隔只有66天,空间分辨率为3 m.采用InSAR技术,通过迭代的方法来提高获取DEM的分辨率,并结合JAXA/EORC提供的AW3D30数字表面模型与迭代后的DEM进行融合来解决阴影等问题,最终获取了南京地区的高精度数字高程模型.将实验结果分别与90 m分辨率的SRTM、30 m分辨率的ASTER GDEM、30 m分辨率的AW3D30进行相互对比分析.结果表明,相比三种常用的DEM而言,本文获取的DEM能够更精确的获取地面的细节信息,特别是对于分布稀疏的大型单体建筑物,能够很好的恢复其三维信息,但是对于建筑物分布较为密集的区域,由于传感器视线受阻,不能观测建筑物的全貌,阴影分布较多,导致此类区域的DEM结果不理想,还需进一步深入研究,提高精度及可靠性. 相似文献
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Policies, measures, and models geared towards flood prevention and managing surface waters benefit from high quality data on the presence and characteristics of drainage ditches. As a cost and labour effective alternative for acquiring such data through field surveys, we propose a method (a) to extract vector data representing ditch drainage networks based on local morphologic features derived from high resolution digital elevation models (DEM) and (b) to identify possible connections in the ditch network by calculating a probability of the connectivity using a logistic regression where the predictor variables are characteristics of the ditch centre lines or derived from the DEM. Using Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) derived DEMs with a 1 m resolution, the method was developed and tested for a mixed agricultural residential area in north‐eastern Belgium. The derived ditch segments had an error of omission of 8% and an error of commission of 5%. The original positional accuracy of the centre lines of the extracted ditches was 0.6 m and could be improved to 0.4 m by shifting each vertex to the position of the lowest LiDAR point located within a radius equal to the spatial resolution of the used DEM. About 69% of the false disconnections in the network were identified and corrected leading to a reduction of the unconnected parts of the ditch network by 71%. The extracted and connected network approximated the reference ditch network fairly well. 相似文献
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以双星系统(TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X)下的bistatic数据模式为例研究了差分干涉获取高精度DEM产品的融合算法和技术流程.针对不同观测几何条件下(升降轨,不同入射角)观测数据的畸变和缺失,提出一种迭代的顾及垂直基线、阴影和叠影的数据融合新方法重建高分辨率高精度的数字高程模型,并对TanDEM-X融合的DEM在不同地物属性特征下(山区及高楼林立的城区)的精度进行定量分析.本文采用了两对覆盖珠海、澳门区域的升降轨TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X干涉对进行融合处理,并通过收集的高精度Lidar数据进行精度比较分析.此外,本文还定量分析了TanDEM-X的DEM对常规DInSAR技术的改进,并与SRTM、ASTER的结果进行对比.结果表明:提出的升降轨融合方法较单一轨道平台能够较好地改正或减弱由于几何畸变引起的高程信息缺失或错误,通过与Lidar数据的对比发现TanDEM-X的融合DEM在山区的精度较高,其残差的标准差为3.5 m,较单一轨道(升、降轨)分别降低8%和22%,能够通过迭代的方法获取高分辨率(可达2~5m)、高精度的地形信息;而针对城区密集建筑物的复杂地形来说,融合的DEM的精度稍低,残差的标准差为11.8m,但较单一轨道(升、降轨)来说有较大改进,其残差标准差分别降低了28%和22%;而在分布较为稀疏的居民区,融合的DEM能够较Lidar数据获取更好的建筑物高度及外形信息,此时的残差标准差可达5m.同时,TanDEM-X的融合DEM作为外部DEM能够较SRTM和ASTER来说更好地去除地形信息,尤其在山区及高程建筑密集分布的城区,从而利于后续的相位解缠和形变信息的精确获取和解译,为更高精度的时序InSAR形变监测提供有利条件. 相似文献
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DATA COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN SFM DATA AND DGPS DATA: A CASE STUDY FROM FAULT SCARP IN THE EAST BANK OF HONGSHUIBA RIVER,NORTHERN MARGIN OF THE QILIAN SHAN 
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下载免费PDF全文 With the development of the techniques acquiring high-resolution digital terrain data,the digital terrain data acquisition technology has been widespread applied to the geoscience research.A revolutionary,low-cost and simply operative SfM (Structure from Motion) technology will make obtain high-resolution DEM data more convenient for researches on active tectonics.This paper summarizes the basic principles and workflows of SfM technology and processes and selects the Hongshuiba River area along the northern margin of the Qilian Shan to conduct data collection.We use a series of digital pictures to produce a texture with geographic information,in which data resolution is 6.73cm/pix and average density of point cloud is 220.667 point/m2.The coverage area is 0.286km2.Further,in order to compare the accuracy between SfM data and differential GPS (DGPS) data in details,SfM data are vertically shifted and tilt-corrected.After optimizing corrections of SfM data,the absolute value of elevation difference between two data substantially concentrates around 20cm,roughly equivalent to 2-folds of data error only after the elevation error correction.Elevation difference between two data is 10~15cm in 90% confidence interval.The maximum error is about 30cm,but accounts for less than 10%.Along the direction of fault trace,the height of fault scarp extracted from SfM data shows that vertical displacement of the latest tectonic activity in the east bank of Hongshuiba River is about 1m,and some minimum scarps height may be 0.3m.The results show SfM technology with high vertical accuracy can be able to replace differential GPS in high-precision topographic survey.After correcting of SfM data,elevation difference still exists,which may be associated with methods of generating DEM and SfM data accuracy,which in turn is controlled by the number and distribution of Ground Control Points (GCPs),photos density and camera shooting height,but also related to surface features,Fodongmiao-Hongyazi Fault 相似文献
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水系不但是重要的自然地理要素,而且对防洪减灾、资源开发等有着重要意义。基于DEM的坡面径流法是最为常用的水系提取方法,其提取精度直接取决于DEM中洼地的处理方法。为了比较不同DEM处理方法对水系提取精度的影响,本文以江西省潦河流域为例,利用基于DEM数据的J＆D算法及基于辅助数据的AGREE方法来处理实验区DEM,然后利用坡面径流法提取水系。结果表明,经两种方法后均可以提取出连续的水系,且提取水系的等级、数量及长度相差不大;在提取精度上,在受人类活动影响较小的山地丘陵地区两种方法提取的水系比较吻合,而在平坦地区或受人类活动影响较大的地区提取的水系差异较大,且AGREE方法处理后提取的水系精度较高。 相似文献