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依兰-伊通断裂方正段晚第四纪以来的构造活动及其地貌表现 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
方正断陷是位于依兰-伊通断裂中北部的一级负向构造单元,依兰-伊通断裂构成盆地边界的控堑断裂,在盆地中部发育走滑断裂(伊汉通断裂),与边界断裂一起构成统一的断裂系统。该中部断裂的最新活动在地貌上具有明显的表现,在卫星影像上显示出清晰的线性。笔者在高分辨率卫星影像解译的基础上,通过野外地质地貌观察测量等手段,分析认为此断裂为一长期活动断裂,普遍错断河流一级阶地,并有连续的断层陡坎展布,最新的活动时代为全新世,应该曾发生过7级以上地表破裂型地震。现今以右旋走滑运动为主,兼具垂向滑动分量,并且垂向上表现为枢纽断层的运动特征。这些结果与前人认为的依兰-伊通断裂晚第四纪以来活动性极弱,东北地区是我国构造最稳定的地区的结论似乎不甚相符。笔者认为还需要更深入的工作,以分析该断裂与盆地边界断裂的关系,并以科学的态度认识依兰-伊通断裂活动特征,充分认识其地震危险性。 相似文献
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依兰－伊通断裂依兰段的新活动特征及其构造演化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文综合DEM数据、地形地貌剖面、钻孔及地层划分、浅层地震勘探、野外地质调查和典型地质剖面等资料,对依兰-伊通断裂依兰段的新构造活动进行了研究。结果表明,依兰-伊通断裂西支F1-1对小兴安岭东缘控制明显,地表陡坎微地貌相对比较发育,最新活动时代为晚更新世中晚期;东支F1-2控制了张广才岭的西缘,卫星影像线性异常不明显,地表陡坎微地貌不发育,浅层地震反射剖面所揭示的上断点埋深为45—50m,其最新活动时代为早更新世早期;中支断裂F1-3控制了低一级的地貌面,卫星影像比较清楚,地表发育高约1—2m左右的陡坎微地貌,最新活动时代为全新世。该断裂最新的活动性质表现为以右旋走滑运动为主,同时伴随有比较明显的逆冲运动分量。同时,综合前人研究结果和本次研究结果,可将依兰-伊通断裂依兰段新生代以来的构造演化划分为五个不同的阶段,即:古新世初期—古新世末期的左旋走滑挤压阶段、古新世末期—始新世中期的右旋走滑伸展阶段、始新世末期—上新世末期的右旋走滑挤压阶段、上新世末期—早第四纪的右旋走滑伸展阶段、晚第四纪的右旋走滑逆冲阶段。这一演化过程在东北地区可能具有较好的代表性。 相似文献
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通过对汗母坝-澜沧断裂晚第四纪地质、地貌实地调查与测量,并结合前人研究成果,讨论了该断裂晚第四纪最新构造活动特征。综合分析认为,汗母坝-澜沧断裂为一条以右旋走滑为主的全新世活动断裂,长约120 km,整体走向NNW。该断裂活动习性具有明显的分段特征,北段称为汗母坝断裂,是1988年耿马7.2级地震的发震断裂;南段称为澜沧断裂,是1988年澜沧7.6级地震的发震断裂之一。晚第四纪以来其新活动形成了丰富的断错地貌现象,如冲沟和山脊右旋位错、断层沟槽、断层垭口、断层陡坎、断陷凹坑等。根据断裂断错地貌特征的相应资料估计,该断裂晚第四纪右旋走滑速率约为(4.7±0.5) mm/a。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2016,(4)
尽管依兰-伊通断裂中生代—早新生代以来的运动学和动力学研究在过去几十年中取得了显著进展和丰富成果,但受研究条件和手段所限,该断裂晚第四纪以来的强震复发间隔长期以来缺乏可靠的研究结果,致使无法科学认识其活动习性和地震危险性。基于高精度卫星影像解译和野外地质调查,发现该断裂尚志段存在至少长约25km的线性断层槽谷和陡坎。探槽开挖揭露出该断裂在全新世晚期发生EⅠ和EⅡ两期古地震事件,运动方式为走滑兼逆冲挤压,伴随明显的地层褶皱与缩短变形,累计垂直同震位移量约为(3.2±0.1)m。~(14)C测试年代结果约束古地震事件EⅠ发生于(440±30)~(180±30)a BP,事件EⅡ发生于(4 090±30)~(3 880±30)a BP。晚全新世以来的强震复发间隔约为(3 675±235)a。进一步的史料挖掘研究表明,EⅠ事件可能对应于朝鲜《日省录》记录的于公元1810年(清朝)发生在该地区的宁古塔历史地震,震级约7.0级。 相似文献
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《地震地质》2021,43(3)
安丘-莒县断裂是郯庐断裂带晚第四纪以来活动特征明显的断裂段,曾发生70BC安丘7级地震,对该地震的同震位错量和该断裂的长期活动习性开展研究,有助于理解郯庐断裂带的构造活动。然而一直以来,安丘—莒县段的古地震研究结果并不理想,没有很好的同震位移量证据。文中利用高分辨率的无人机Sf M摄影测量技术提取了大量冲沟的右旋水平位错量,对安丘-莒县段断裂安丘—孟瞳段和青峰岭段的走滑运动特征进行了定量研究,通过分布概率统计,获得该断裂最小的冲沟右旋水平位移量约为5m,并且发现较大的冲沟右旋水平位移量也为5m的倍数,这种现象可能代表了该断裂发生过多次规模相当的地震事件,而约5m的右旋水平位错量暗示该断裂存在地震特征位移。此外,依据位错量与震级和地表破裂长度的关系推断,70BC安丘地震的震级可能存在低估,且产生了安丘—孟瞳、青峰岭和莒县—孟堰3段级联破裂;或者5m的特征位移指示了另一次更大的史前地震。 相似文献
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大兴凸起东缘断裂位于北京平原的东南部,是控制大兴凸起与廊固凹陷的边界断裂,向N与控制大厂凹陷的曾发生1679年8级地震的NNE向夏垫断裂斜接,总体走向NE,倾向SE.以往的研究认为该断裂断错的最新地层为第四系中更新统,其不属于晚第四纪以来的活动断裂.文中在高精度浅层地震勘探的基础上开展了高密度钻孔联合地质剖面探测,获得了该断裂晚第四纪以来具有明显活动的证据.该断裂在钻孔联合地质剖面中显示出正断活动特征,一套厚约7m的粉砂质黏土标志层在其断层下盘的顶界面埋深约为74m,而在其上盘的顶界面埋深约为102m,位错量约为28m,且可在其中的2个钻孔中分别深54.2m和39.4m的岩芯内发现断层滑动面.水平距离为2m的2个钻孔的标志层顶面埋深分别为8m和10m,位错量为2m,结合2个钻孔岩芯的变形特征分析认为断层的上断点埋深可能更浅.根据邻近已有钻孔的年代学资料推断,该断裂属于全新世活动断裂.文中研究改变了大兴凸起东缘断裂带并非为活动断裂的认识,此新发现不仅对大兴凸起东缘断裂带的强震危险性和北京市地震灾害风险的认识具有重要的应用价值,也对华北地区晚新生代以来断裂发展演化及其深浅耦合特征研究具有科学意义. 相似文献
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《地震地质》2021,43(3)
苏典断裂呈近SN向延伸,跨越中缅边境,长约100km,历史上沿断裂多有地震发生。但受交通、气候等因素制约,长期以来有关断裂的晚第四纪活动性几乎没有研究。据野外地质地貌调查、探槽和年代学测试结果,文中对此断裂的晚第四纪运动特征、最新活动时代进行分析。苏典断裂的新构造活动明显,沿断裂发育有苏典、勐典、黄草坝、陇中等串珠状第四纪盆地,南段户勐一带有多个沸泉和气泉呈线状分布,断裂对腊马河、盏达河具有明显的控制作用,地貌上主要表现为清晰的断层陡坎、平直的线性山脊和断层谷地等地貌。左家坡探槽揭示出3条断层,断错了几乎所有的河流相、洪积相砾石层、砂土层和黏土层等堆积物,地层错距明显,部分层位被截切。在探槽内共获得11个被断错地层的14C年龄数据,年龄结果为(7 680±30)～(350±30) a,充分表明该断裂在全新世有明显活动。晚第四纪苏典断裂表现出右旋走滑运动。勐弄茶厂一带沿断裂发育的3条冲沟发生明显的同步右旋位错,位错量分别为40m、42m和45m。苏典一带勐嘎河被断裂右旋位错1 050～1 100m。苏典北1.7km处一洪积扇被右旋位错18～22m。缅甸撒当盆地内一河流被断裂右旋位错约380m并形成发卡型地貌。受印度板块与欧亚板块持续碰撞的影响,东喜马拉雅构造结外围的青藏高原东南缘的印支块体发生S向逃逸,滇西地区成为青藏高原向S挤出最强烈的部位,在印支块体S向运动过程中,近SN向苏典等断裂的右旋走滑运动起着调节、吸纳块体应变的作用。在NNE构造应力场作用下,近SN向右旋走滑的苏典断裂与NE向左旋走滑的大盈江断裂的交会部位是构造应力易于集中的关键部位,该区是未来需要重点关注的地震危险区。 相似文献
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通甸-巍山断裂属于红河断裂带的分支断裂,目前对该断裂中段的晚第四纪活动特征研究较少。野外地质地貌调查和年代学研究结果表明,通甸-巍山断裂中段是以右旋走滑运动为主,兼有张性正断的全新世活动断裂,其最新活动时代距今约2.2ka。晚更新世中晚期以来断裂中段平均水平滑动速率为1.25mm/a,全新世晚期以来垂直运动趋于增强。该研究不仅为该断裂的地震危险性评价工作提供了基础资料,而且有助于理解川滇菱形块体西南边界构造变形的空间分配特点 相似文献
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FAULTED LANDFORM AND SLIP RATE OF THE JINGHE SECTION OF THE BOLOKENU-AQIKEKUDUKE FAULT SINCE THE LATE PLEISTOCENE 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Bolokonu-Aqikekuduke fault zone(Bo-A Fault)is the plate convergence boundary between the middle and the northern Tianshan. Bo-A Fault is an inherited right-lateral strike-slip active fault and obliquely cuts the Tianshan Mountains to the northwest. Accurately constrained fault activity and slip rate is crucial for understanding the tectonic deformation mechanism, strain rate distribution and regional seismic hazard. Based on the interpretation of satellite remote sensing images and topographic surveys, this paper divides the alluvial fans in the southeast of Jinghe River into four phases, Fan1, Fan2, Fan3 and Fan4 by geomorphological elevation, water density, depth of cut, etc. This paper interprets gullies and terrace scarps by high-resolution LiDAR topographic data. Right-laterally offset gullies, fault scarps and terrace scarps are distributed in Fan1, Fan2b and Fan3. We have identified a total of 30 right-laterally offset gullies and terrace scarps. Minimum right-lateral displacement is about 6m and the maximum right-lateral displacements are(414±10)m, (91±5)m and(39±1)m on Fan2b, Fan3a and Fan3b. The landform scarp dividing Fan2b and Fan3a is offset right-laterally by (212±11)m. Combining the work done by the predecessors in the northern foothills of the Tianshan Mountains with Guliya ice core climate curve, this paper concludes that the undercut age of alluvial fan are 56~64ka, 35~41ka, 10~14ka in the Tianshan Mountains. The slip rate of Bo-A Fault since the formation of the Fan2b, Fan3a and Fan3b of the alluvial-proluvial fan is 3.3~3.7mm/a, 2.2~2.6mm/a and 2.7~3.9mm/a. The right-lateral strike-slip rate since the late Pleistocene is obtained to be 3.1±0.3mm/a based on high-resolution LiDAR topographic data and Monte Carlo analysis. 相似文献
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The southeast section of Zhongdian-Daju Fault is located in the northern part of Haba and Yulong Snow Mountain, belonging to the southwestern boundary of the secondary block in northwestern Sichuan, an important boundary fault striking 310°~320° on the whole. The nature of the fault, the age of its activity and the slip rate are of great significance for the analysis of the secondary block movement in the northwestern Sichuan and the intersection relationship with the eastern piedmont fault of Yulong Mountains.
Based on the 1 ︰ 5 million-scale active fault geological mapping, this paper studies in detail the stratigraphic landform, scarp landform, surface rupture, typical fault profile and river terrace along the fault. Based on the research results, we divide the southeastern section of Zhongdian-Daju Fault into two sub-segments, the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment and the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, according to the geometric structure, fault landforms and fault activity.
(1)Fault scarp:In the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment, the fault parallelly controls the two sides of the Haba fault depression. It cuts the late Pleistocene moraine deposits, forming a fault scarp of about 4.5km long and(14±2)m high. The continuity of the scarp is very good, and it is also very obvious in the remote sensing image. In the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, a scarp with a height of about 2m is formed, and an optical luminescence dating sample is collected from the upper part of the gravel layer on the second-order terrace to obtain an age of(22±2.2)ka.
(2)Horizontal dislocation:In the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment, through the analysis of the development of outwash fans in the area and the measurement and induction of the gully dislocations, it is considered that there are at least three stages of outwash fans developed in the area and there may be four phases of faulting. That is, the earliest-stage outwash fan and gully are horizontally dislocated about 1km; the second-stage outwash fan and gully are horizontally dislocated about 47m, and the vertical dislocation is about(14±2)m; the gully in the third stage outwash fan is horizontally dislocated twice, the first dislocation formed a beheaded gully with a dislocation of 22m, and the second formed a beheaded gully with a dislocation of 8.5m. It is further proved that the fault has strong activity since the Holocene in the Majiacun to Daju area. In the Daju-Dadong sub-segment, there are no obvious horizontal dislocations in the alluvial deposits since the Holocene. Only 3~4 gullies are found to be offset right-laterally in the ridges east of Wenhe Village, with the maximum dislocation of 210m, which may be the older phase dislocation.
(3)Surface rupture:In the northwest direction of Dabazi Village on the T3 terrace in the basin between Majiacun and Daju, an earthquake surface rupture zone is found, extending in the NW direction. The rupture zone left clear traces on the about 1m-thick, hard T3 terrace surface formed by calcification of sand gravels, and the overburden either upwarps and bulges, or ruptures, generates ground fissures, or forms small pull-apart "depressions" locally. However, the rupture zone is not large in size, about 350m long, 60m wide at the widest point, and 0.3~1.5m high. It is partially en-echelon or obliquely arranged, dominated by compressive ruptures. Through observation, the possibility of artificial transformation is ruled out for these upwarping bulges, ruptures or ground fissures. The fault section is found in the southeast direction of the rupture zone. The slickensides at the section show that the fault is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip with a small amount of thrust. In the eastern sub-segment, only intermittently distributed surface ruptures are found in the northern part of the village, and the scale is small.
In summary, through the field geological survey, it is found that the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment is a Holocene active segment. Though the Daju-Dadong sub-segment also offset the late Pleistocene to Holocene strata, it is considered that its Holocene activity is weak in terms of either the dislocation amount or the slip rate of this segment.
By analyzing the geological and geomorphological evidences, such as fault scarps, horizontal dislocation and surface ruptures along the fault, it is considered that the Majiacun-Daju sub-segment is a right-lateral strike-slip fault with a normal faulting component, and its vertical slip rate since the late Pleistocene is(0.4~0.8)mm/a, the horizontal slip rate is 1.5~2.4mm/a. The Daju-Dadong sub-segment is dominated by right-lateral strike-slip with a normal faulting component, and its vertical slip rate since the late Late Cenozoic is 0.1mm/a.
The formation of the NW-trending surface rupture zone found in the Daju Basin is very young, where there are only two major earthquakes, namely, the MS6.4 1966 Zhongdian earthquake and the 1996 Lijiang MS7.0 earthquake, and both earthquakes produced NW-oriented surface rupture zones. Therefore, it cannot be ruled out that the rupture zone is a product of the 1966 Zhongdian MS6.4 earthquake or the 1996 Lijiang MS7.0 earthquake. 相似文献
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黑龙江省萝北地区是东北现代地震活动最为活跃的地区之一，中小地震密集成带分布，曾于1963年发生5.8级地震，但其发震构造一直不清楚。精定位后的震中分布图像和震源机制解研究结果表明，现代地震总体呈NEE方向密集分布于黑龙江小兴安岭山前太平沟一带，地震类型以右旋走滑为主。通过高分辨率的卫星影像解译结果发现太平沟一带发育一条长约25km，走向约N70°E的线性异常带。野外地表调查发现该线性异常表现为断续分布的断裂陡坎、冲沟位错和滑坡。陡坎走向约N65°E-N75°E，倾向SE，高约1.0-2.5m；滑坡发育有典型的弧形圈椅构造，规模大小不等，多与断裂陡坎伴生。综合现代地震活动图像、卫星影像解译、野外地质调查结果，特别是结合2013年11月和2014年2月该地区的2次小震活动及现代地震活动的空间图像分布特征，研究认为太平沟断裂属于依兰-伊通断裂带的分支断裂，晚第四纪期间曾经强烈活动，具备中强地震的发震能力，可能是萝北1963年5.8级地震的发震构造。 相似文献
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发生于1969年的渤海Ms7.4地震是渤海海域惟一一个主震被现代仪器记录的大地震,对其发震断层的讨论争议颇多.2005~2008年,我们在主震震区进行了3个航次的高分辨率声学探测,获得了包括浅层单道地震、侧扫声纳以及CHIRP剖面等在内的数百公里综合地球物理观测资料.本文报道了对上述声学资料的研究结果.研究表明,在震区海底之下2~3 m发现了一条走向NE30°、长20 km、宽约3 km的微型凹陷带,地质时代为5000 a B.P.,沉积面的最大下凹幅度为1.5 m;在空间位置上微型凹陷带与BZ28断裂、余震活动分布基本一致,因此,微型凹陷带是BZ28断裂活动的结果,而A层底界的下凹变形则是1969年渤海7.4级地震活动的结果, BZ28断裂是该地震的发震断层.BZ28断裂呈NE30°走向,是郯庐断裂带的次级断裂,浅层地震剖面揭示其最新活动时间为全新世中晚期,根据地质时代以及断层的垂向位移量,计算得到BZ28断裂晚更新世以来的垂向活动速率约为0.05 mm/a,全新世为0.3 mm/a,具有活动强度增加的趋势. 相似文献
18.
青海拉脊山断裂带新活动特征的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
拉脊山断裂带由拉脊山北缘断裂和拉脊山南缘断裂两条向NE凸出的弧形断裂所组成，分别长约230km和220km。它们是介于NNW向的热水一日月山右旋走滑断裂带和NWW向的西秦岭北缘左旋走滑断裂带之间的一个大型挤压构造区和构造转换带，也是分隔拉脊山南北两侧的西宁一民和盆地和循化一化隆盆地的重要边界断裂。沿断裂带的追踪考察，发现了其新活动的部分地质地貌证据。其最新活动时代为晚更新世晚期(仅局部为全新世早期)，性质以挤压逆冲为主稍具左旋特征。该断裂的新活动可能导致了该区20余次5级左右中等地震的发生。可以说，拉脊山地区既是反映构造活动，又是反映地震活动的地震构造窗。 相似文献
19.
通过卫星影像解译、野外实地调查与地质填图,对滇西南地区黑河断裂中西段晚第四纪构造活动特征进行了研究.结果表明,黑河断裂为一条规模较大的区域性活动断裂带,西起沧源县南,向东南止于澜沧江断裂,全长约168 km,走向280°～310°.该断裂晚第四纪新活动性具有一定的差异性和分段性.根据其几何结构、最新活动性及1988年澜沧7.6级地震破裂带特征,可将黑河断裂从西向东划分为沧源-木戛、木戛-南代和南代-勐往三条次级断裂段.其中的中、西段长约88 km,全新世活动显著,活动性质以右旋走滑为主.沿断裂形成了丰富的断错地貌现象.西段断裂的最新活动断错了全新世晚期地层;中段是1988年澜沧7.6级地震的发震断裂之一.根据对断错冲沟的测量和年代测试,得到其全新世以来右旋滑动速率为(3.54±0.78)mm/a,与区域上其它断裂的滑动速率大致相当,反映了其区域构造活动的整体性和协调性. 相似文献