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浅水湖泊沉积物磷释放的波浪水槽试验研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
为探索浅水湖泊水动力扰动作用对沉积物内源营养盐释放的规律,采用波浪水槽试验研究了波浪扰动对太湖和巢湖沉积物悬浮和磷释放的作用.试验结果显示在强波浪扰动下,底泥大规模悬浮,使得水体中悬浮固体(SS)、总磷(TP)和溶解性总磷(DTP)含量显著升高,太湖和巢湖底泥水槽试验中上覆水体TP含量分别升高了6倍和3倍,DTP分别升高了1倍和70％,太湖底泥试验中溶解性活性磷(SRP)含量亦升高了25％.掀沙过程中,不但表层底泥间隙水中的溶解性磷释放到上覆水体当中,沉积物颗粒所吸附的磷也大量转化为SRP而解吸释放.然而,强波浪掀沙一段时间后,溶解态磷的释放逐渐受到限制.随着波浪扰动作用的持续,悬浮物的中值粒径减小,细颗粒组分的百分含量明显增加,使得悬浮物对溶解态磷的吸附能力增强;波浪扰动显著提高了水体的溶解氧浓度,也会促进水体铁锰物质的氧化,增大其对磷酸根离子的吸附能力.这些变化可能是波浪掀沙后期限制水体SRP浓度进一步升高的主要原因.太湖底泥波浪水槽试验的结果与太湖梅梁湾中心区域常见风浪扰动下底泥的悬浮起动情况相吻合,底泥起动的临界切应力也基本相同,强波浪掀沙的切应力条件及水体SS,TP及SRP浓度变化的特点也一致,表明本实验的结果接近太湖的实际状况.本研究说明太湖的水动力扰动能显著提高水体TP及SRP浓度,大波掀沙初期对底泥磷释放的影响最大,后期的影响强度则有所下降. 相似文献
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水动力条件下底泥中氮磷释放通量 总被引：28，自引：4，他引：24
在环形水槽内模拟了水动力条件下底泥的起动规律,分析了底泥运动的不同状态。该环形水槽内水体流速基本均匀,水槽转速与槽内水体流速能够精确的相互转换,实验中通过改变水槽转速模拟了不同扰动强度下底泥悬浮和释放的规律．以太湖底泥为例,通过上覆水中TN、TP浓度的变化,建立了底泥中TN、TP的释放通量(y)与水流(x)的关系,其表达式为TN：y=137．88e^0.06x(R^2=0．94);TP：y=36．78e^0.56x(R^2=0．97);并将该实验结果应用在太湖的水量水质模型中,取得了比较满意的效果． 相似文献
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水动力条件下太湖透明度模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据太湖实测资料分析得到了太湖悬浮物浓度和透明度之间呈现明显的反比关系, 归纳总结了以往研究成果中建立的太湖透明度与悬浮物浓度之间的关系, 说明可以通过模拟太湖悬浮物来反映太湖透明度的变化规律. 实测资料表明, 不同水深处的悬浮物浓度与风速的变化趋势大致相近, 风速越大, 悬浮物浓度越大. 太湖波浪、湖流与悬浮物浓度均呈现正相关关系, 悬浮物浓度随着波浪和湖流的增大而增大, 但波浪是影响底泥再悬浮的主要因素, 流速次之. 建立了太湖湖流、波浪和悬浮物耦合的数学模型, 在悬浮物模型中考虑了波浪和湖流的综合影响. 并将床面层附近底泥的起悬量和沉降量分开处理, 考虑了近底水流中湍流脉动的随机特性, 引入了底泥起悬条件. 模型清楚地反映出了悬浮物中的底泥颗粒与床面层内运动底泥及床面活动底泥发生相互交换过程中的两个方面. 模拟结果表明太湖悬浮物沿岸区域受湖流的影响较大, 湖心区域受波浪影响较大. 利用该模型, 模拟了太湖悬浮物和透明度的变化规律, 模拟结果被实测值较好验证, 说明所建立的模型是基本合理的, 可用来进行太湖透明度的模拟和预测. 相似文献
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太湖水动力学三维数值试验研究——4.保守物质输移扩散 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
物质输移扩散规律是大型浅水湖泊水质变化机理研究的重要内容，对湖泊水环境的管理具有重要的现实意义，本文在太湖湖流三维模型研究成果的基础上，创建了太湖保守物质输移扩散三维数值模型，并用之模拟了1997年冬季1～2月太湖总磷含量的变化，计算结果表明，模型计算值与观测值吻合，本文所建的保守物质输移扩散模型，可用于冬季太湖营养盐含量时空变化的计算。 相似文献
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太湖水华蓝藻底泥中复苏和水柱中生长的比较 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
为了研究太湖底泥中蓝藻的复苏和水柱中的生长,作者自行设计了原位藻类复苏收集器和生长培养器并安放在太湖梅梁湾监测蓝藻复苏释放和生长.实验在藻类的复苏期(2005年3-6月)进行．结果表明在复苏期太湖蓝藻的复苏呈现波动性增加,4月达到最大量．水柱中蓝藻同步的比生长率和生长量也呈现波动性上升,并在5月初达到最大值．浮游动物的存在并没有对蓝藻的生长造成显著的影响．对底泥蓝藻释放和水柱生长进行比较,底泥释放的蓝藻只占藻类生长量的很小一部分(<2．5％)．所以,水柱中蓝藻的生长对其优势的确立和水华的形成具有重要的作用,今后的研究将主要集中在水柱中蓝藻的动态变化 相似文献
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随着太湖流域控源截污和面源整治的推行，底泥释放成为太湖不可忽视的污染源.本文基于EFDC模型构建太湖沉积成岩模型以动态模拟底泥释放过程，以氨氮和硝态氮为水质目标，采用拉丁超立方抽样抽取沉积成岩模型的18个参数进行不确定性分析，采用标准秩逐步回归法进行敏感性分析.结果表明：对于大型浅水湖泊，沉积物-水界面的硝化作用、反硝化作用和扩散过程对底泥氮的释放影响很大，太湖氮浓度的不确定性有明显的时空差异，并且受藻类生长影响；随藻类生长生化反应参数的敏感性逐渐减弱，动力参数的敏感性逐渐增强，氨氮的主要敏感参数为孔隙水扩散系数和最优硝化反应速率，贡献率分别是41.68%和37.82%，硝态氮的主要敏感参数为孔隙水扩散系数和表层反硝化作用反应速率，贡献率分别是29.15%和42.34%，这些参数的取值需予以着重考虑.本研究识别出太湖底泥氮释放的关键物化过程，为模型调参提供优先级并给出优化区间，对减小模型的不确定性、提高模型精度有参考意义，为定性指导大型浅水湖泊底泥释放的室内实验模拟提供依据. 相似文献
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太湖波浪数值模拟 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
在太湖实际波浪观测的基础上,采用率定验证后的第三代动谱平衡方程,考虑实际水底地形、波浪折射、浅化、反射、破碎、湖流等条件下,对太湖波浪进行数值模拟,研究太湖波浪的主要影响因素.结果表明:SWAN模型可以较好地模拟风作用下太湖风浪的生成和传播过程,模型在太湖应用是合适的;波高、波长、波周期等波浪参数在太湖的分布与风速、风向、水深等因素密切相关;在相同风向、不同风速情况下,太湖波浪发展至稳定状态的时间不一样;在不同风向,相同风速持续作用下,有效波高达到稳定的时间差不多,变化趋势也比较相同.说明波浪的发展不光取决于风速的大小,还同风的持续吹的时间和风区长度有关. 相似文献
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模拟暴雨条件下农田磷素迁移特征 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
开展三次重复人工暴雨试验,研究太湖流域平原河网区农田磷素在暴雨径流过程中的迁移输出特征,结果表明,地表径流是暴雨径流过程农田磷素迁移的主要途径,地表径流水相和侵蚀相磷素迁移量分别占总磷输出量的58.50%和34.69%;随壤中水流输移的磷素仅占总磷输出量的6.81%,磷素迁移以颗粒态为主,约占总磷输出量的60.73%,溶解态磷素以无机磷酸盐输出为主,溶解态磷素更易于在土壤中运动,地表径流与壤中流磷素输出特征对比分析显示,土壤对磷素具有较强的滤减作用,尤其对总颗粒态附着磷浓度的消减效果明显,可达80%以上,尽管暴雨径流过程中磷素迁移以地表径流为主,然而在降雨丰富的太湖地区,一般降雨条件下壤中流是产流的主要形式,同时壤中流溶解态磷流失占有较大的比例,对区域水环境恶化具有重要贡献,因此加强壤中流溶解态磷素输移和控制研究具有重要意义. 相似文献
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It was indicated in this study that there were negative relations between the concentrations of suspended solid (SS) and transparency according to the analysis of measured data of Lake Taihu. Their relations in pervious studies were reviewed, which showed that the changes of transparency in Lake Taihu could be reflected by simulating suspended solid concentration (SSC). Measured data showed that the changes of SSC with wind speed were similar at different water depths. SSC increased with the increasing of wind speed. Both wave and lake current of Lake Taihu had positive relations with SSC. However, wave was the main factor affecting sediment suspension, while flow took the second place. In this study, a numerical model coupling lake current, wave and SSC of Lake Taihu was developed. In the SS model, the combined effects of wave and current were included. The amounts of suspended and deposited sediments near the lake bed surface layer were treated separately. The stochastic characteristics of turbulent flow pulsation near lake beds were also considered, and the start-up conditions of sediment suspension were introduced to the model. The model elucidated the mutual exchange processes between sediment particles in SS and active sediments within and on the bed surface layer. Simulated results showed that lake current had relatively significant effects on the SSC at littoral areas of Lake Taihu, while SSC at the central area of the lake was mainly influenced by wave. The changes of transparency with SSC were simulated for Lake Taihu using this model. Calculated results were validated by measured data with good fitness, which indicated that the model is basically suitable for the simulation and prediction of transparency of Lake Taihu. 相似文献
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Study on the simulation of transparency of Lake Taihu under different hydrodynamic conditions 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
It was indicated in this study that there were negative relations between the concentrations of suspended solid (SS) and transparency according to the analysis of measured data of Lake Taihu. Their relations in pervious studies were reviewed, which showed that the changes of transparency in Lake Taihu could be reflected by simulating suspended solid concentration (SSC). Measured data showed that the changes of SSC with wind speed were similar at different water depths. SSC increased with the increasing of wind speed. Both wave and lake current of Lake Taihu had positive relations with SSC. However, wave was the main factor affecting sediment suspension, while flow took the second place. In this study, a numerical model coupling lake current, wave and SSC of Lake Taihu was developed. In the SS model, the combined effects of wave and current were included. The amounts of suspended and deposited sediments near the lake bed surface layer were treated separately. The stochastic characteristics of turbulent flow pulsation near lake beds were also considered, and the start-up conditions of sediment suspension were introduced to the model. The model elucidated the mutual exchange processes between sediment particles in SS and active sediments within and on the bed surface layer. Simulated results showed that lake current had relatively significant effects on the SSC at littoral areas of Lake Taihu, while SSC at the central area of the lake was mainly influenced by wave. The changes of transparency with SSC were simulated for Lake Taihu using this model. Calculated results were validated by measured data with good fitness, which indicated that the model is basically suitable for the simulation and prediction of transparency of Lake Taihu. 相似文献
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不同水动力扰动下太湖沉积物的悬浮特征 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
利用2002年7月及2003年4月分别在太湖乌龟山和梅梁湾的水动力观测资料,计算了波浪和湖流产生的湖底切应力,分析了二者对太湖沉积物悬浮的不同贡献.结果发现,在小扰动情况下,流切应力大于波切应力,但不能引起沉积物的悬浮;在强扰动情况下,底流对沉积物悬浮的影响可以忽略,且扰动越强,其作用越小,而波浪的影响却愈加突出;在中等扰动下,二者的相互作用产生沉积物的悬浮,但波浪的作用较为显著.该结论能为计算太湖水体悬浮物浓度和动态内源释放提供重要的参考依据. 相似文献
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为明晰太湖风浪的空间分布及季节变化,在湖心区设立波浪观测站,利用其记录的波浪数据证明SWAN模型能够较好地模拟太湖风浪.基于所建模型,对2013年自然风场条件下太湖不同湖区风浪季节动态进行模拟分析,结果表明:受岸线、地形和岛屿等地理因素影响,大太湖的风浪总是最强,其有效波高均值为0.523 m;而东太湖风浪最小,有效波高均值为0.305 m.受盛行风场季节变化影响,太湖春、夏季有效波高均值明显大于秋、冬季.太湖波浪的能量主要来源于风场,其有效波高随风速增大而增大,两者呈极显著正相关.而风向则可以通过改变风区长度来影响风浪生消.在偏东风作用下,太湖湖西区的风浪大于东部湖区;而受盛行于冬季的偏北风影响,太湖南部水域风浪要大于北部.同时,太湖风浪的时空分布特征是造成太湖水质参数、沉积物和水生植物空间分布差异的重要原因之一. 相似文献
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Experimental study on phosphorus release from sediments of shallow lake in wave flume 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
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Influence of wave on sediment resuspension and nutrients release from sediments, collected from Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, was studied in flume experiments. Under strong-wave conditions, concentrations of suspended solids (SS), total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved total phosphorus (DTP) in overlying water were increased significantly following the sediments re-suspension. During the experiments on sediments of Lake Taihu and Lake Chaohu, TP concentrations increased 6 times and 3 times, and DTP concentration increased 100% and 70% more than it in presuspension, respectively. Concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) of experiment on sediment of Lake Taihu increased 25%. During the massive sediment suspension, the dissolved phosphorus in pore water and much of the phosphorus adsorbed by the sediment particles were released into overlying water. The phenomena in this wave flume experiment are quite similar to the situation observed in situ of Lake Taihu. The critical wave stresses of sediment re-suspension are nearly equal. The change of concentrations of SS, TP, and SRP was the same as that in situ situation. This study showed that concentrations of TP and SRP in lake water could be increased significantly by wave disturbance. Phosphorus release was significantly enhanced by wave disturbance at the beginning of massive sediment re-suspension, but decreased later. 相似文献
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河道入湖污染物量计算精度分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
入湖污染物量计算精度的高低决定入湖污染物量分析结果的客观性和准确性.本文以太湖为例,分析2010年环太湖河道入湖污染物量、时空分布情况及多年环太湖河道入湖染污物量变化情势.在此基础上,使用现在已有监测条件分析时段内每日水量水质监测数据计算逐日入湖污染物量时段累积值,并以此作为现有分析计算河道入湖污染物量的最高计算精度值.通过设定不同监测方案、采用不同计算方法分析河道入湖污染物量及其计算精度,认为现有分析计算的河道入湖污染物量已是每日河道水量水质同步监测下河道入湖污染物量的80%左右.针对河道入湖污染物量计算精度的分析可为制定科学的河道入湖污染量监测方案、提高河道入湖污染物量计算精度提供技术支撑. 相似文献
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Liancong LUO Boqiang QIN Guang GAO Guangwei ZHU Jinshan ZHANG 《国际泥沙研究》2006,21(4):312-320
1 INTRODUCTION Large amounts of nutrients and contaminants such as trace metals are transported into large lakes frominflow rivers and then absorbed onto or associated with fine-grained sediment particles (Sheng and Lick,1979). The nutrients and contamina… 相似文献
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太湖不同湖区底泥悬浮沉降规律研究及内源释放量估算 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
太湖是一个大型浅水湖泊,湖湾、沿岸及湖心等区域受地形影响,湖流结构及水土界面水力要素均有显著差异.针对目前对不同湖区底泥再悬浮规律差异性研究的缺失,本研究选取了3个具有代表性的点采集太湖底泥,采用矩形水槽开展底泥再悬浮模拟实验,并结合太湖二维水量水质模型及太湖全年实测数据,建立了不同湖区底泥再悬浮通量与风速之间的定量关系;通过室内静沉降实验,得到了静沉降通量与风速的相关关系;最后将底泥再悬浮实验结果参数化应用于太湖二维水量水质模型中,并对底泥悬浮沉降过程进行分解和概化,估算太湖全年内源释放量.结果表明:太湖每日的内源释放量受风速影响显著,和风速变化趋势较为接近,太湖全年进入水体的净底泥量有47.81×104t,夏季最大,冬季次之;就营养物质释放量而言,COD约为2.06×104t、总氮约为1149.05 t、总磷约为564.35 t,其中秋季营养物质释放量最小,夏季最大. 相似文献
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磷是太湖富营养化的关键性指标,为了解太湖总磷内、外源变化趋势及特征,从总磷污染负荷动态平衡角度分析太湖总磷主要来源与总磷浓度高位波动的原因,本研究基于2007年以来长时序水量水质监测资料和调查数据,开展了太湖进出各途径的总磷负荷质量平衡估算及分析。结果表明,2007—2020年入湖河道输入总磷负荷为1835～2799 t,占太湖总磷负荷的55%～73%,是外源输入最主要的途径;大气干湿沉降输入353～1380 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的12%～38%,是太湖总磷外源输入的第二大途径;太湖水体中总磷负荷量约占8%～15%。出湖河道输出总磷负荷量为516～906 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的13%～30%;水生动植物捕捞总磷负荷量为115～312 t,占太湖总磷负荷量的4%～12%,水厂输出占2%～3%左右;约41%～74%的总磷负荷量滞留于太湖湖体中,成为影响太湖总磷浓度的重要内源。同时,太湖地区气温升高、太湖水体流动速度加快一定程度上又加速了内源污染释放,使其成为总磷改善的限制性因素。 相似文献