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1.
扬子块体两侧造山带地壳推覆的地球物理证据及其地质意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于深部地球物理探测结果建立的青藏高原东缘-江南造山带的地壳结构,发现扬子块体在NW向受到来自青藏高原东缘物质的逆冲推覆,在SE向受到来自江南造山带物质的逆冲推覆.这些推覆作用控制了川西-江南雪峰造山带西部地壳构造.青藏高原向东挤出的物质,在龙门山断裂带附近遇到坚硬四川盆地的阻挡,以上、中地壳的向上逆冲推覆,下地壳插入到四川盆地之下和扬子块体内地壳的褶皱、缩短、增厚方式被吸收,形成熊坡、龙泉山构造带,造成浦江-成都-德阳断裂、龙泉山西坡断裂的NW向逆冲.这些结果回答了青藏高原东向挤出物质的去向问题.总之,扬子块体两侧受到造山带地壳逆冲推覆的发现,为研究华南地区的陆内造山机制,恢复构造演化历史和青藏高原侧向挤出的运动学过程开阔了视野. 相似文献
2.
《中国科学:地球科学》2017,(1)
洋壳核杂岩是由低角度正断层的大规模拆离作用而形成的大型洋底穹窿状凸起构造.其大规模拆离作用产生的韧性构造现象,最终会随着洋盆的闭合保存在造山带的蛇绿岩中.本文以将今论古的思路,系统总结现今洋壳核杂岩的岩石-构造特征.现今洋壳核杂岩包括了上盘火山熔岩与深海沉积、拆离断层带和下盘地幔橄榄岩与辉长岩侵入体等三部分.造山带中古洋壳核杂岩在全球造山带不同程度被揭示出来,我们较为系统地总结了(西阿尔卑斯Chenaillet蛇绿岩、阿尔巴尼亚Mirdita、伊朗扎格罗斯造山带Kermanshah、西藏普兰和加拿大阿帕拉契亚的Thetford-Mine)蛇绿岩中可能的古洋壳核杂岩及其特征.通过系统的对比,我们认为古洋壳核杂岩较为普遍,其有如下鉴别特征:超基性岩-基性岩单元规模较大、直接出露洋底导致发育一定规模的蛇绿质角砾岩;基性熔岩少或缺失,一般相对是晚期产物;深海沉积物(硅泥质岩、灰岩)或枕状熔岩直接覆盖在超基性岩之上;发育强韧性剪切变形拆离断层带,局部可发育高角度正断层;蛇绿岩中发育辉长岩、斜长花岗岩等侵入脉体.总之,造山带中的蛇绿岩有相当一部分是古洋壳核杂岩,是洋底拆离断层作用形成的.蛇绿岩中的韧性变形带不一定都是就位在造山带时的变质底板成因,极有可能是初始形成洋中脊时的拆离断层成因.然而,蛇绿岩中发育的韧性变形,以前普遍被认为是蛇绿岩在仰冲就位过程中形成的.两种不同成因的韧性变形代表截然不同的地质意义,前者形成于拆离断层的伸展环境、伴随一系列伸展构造,代表新生洋盆的形成;而后者则形成于逆冲就位的挤压背景,表示蛇绿岩的就位、洋盆的消亡.造山带中含蛇绿岩质的角砾岩不一定是造山阶段隆升剥蚀的产物,也可能是初始形成洋中脊时的产物. 相似文献
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研究区胶东东部位于华北东部苏鲁超高压变质带东端, 发育逆冲推覆构造. 采用多尺度构造研究和构造年代学研究相结合的方法, 可将胶东东部逆冲推覆体划分为石岛推覆体、荣成推覆体、米山推覆体、牟平推覆体等四个推覆体. 这些推覆体以相应的走滑逆冲型剪切带为底界, 主要活动于中生代. 研究表明, 由石岛剪切带、荣成剪切带至牟平剪切带, 古差异应力值和韧性变形强弱序列呈现逐渐降低的趋势, 与变形温度的变化趋势呈负相关. 根据逆冲推覆构造研究、40Ar/39Ar同位素测年数据以及前人在区域上的同位素构造年代学研究成果, 推测研究区中生代构造的发展主要经历了四期运动: 三叠纪末(约210~180 Ma)的逆冲推覆运动; 侏罗纪-早白垩世(约180~130 Ma)的伸展运动; 早白垩世(130~120 Ma)的走滑逆冲运动; 晚白垩世以后(约120 Ma~)的伸展运动. 其中, 早白垩世(130~120 Ma)的走滑逆冲运动期剪切带的活动序列为石岛剪切带→荣成剪切带→牟平剪切带→米山剪切带, 引起了推覆体的逆时针旋转效应. 胶东东部逆冲推覆构造与郯庐断裂带的两期走滑事件时代吻合、运动学相容, 可吸收或调节部分郯庐断裂带的走滑运动量, 从而导致该断裂带北段走滑量的显著变小. 相似文献
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柯坪逆冲推覆构造带是西南天山山前晚新生代以来形成的活动逆断裂-褶皱带,由5~6排近平行的弧形褶皱带组成,出露地层为寒武系—第四系。背斜形态多为复式箱状背斜和不对称的斜歪背斜,分别与断层弯曲背斜和断层扩展背斜的几何形态一致。地震勘探资料显示,各褶皱带前缘活动逆断裂在深部归并于统一的、由寒武系中的石膏层组成的滑脱面。滑脱面深度具有南浅北深、东浅西深的特点,皮羌断裂西侧滑脱面深度约为9km,东侧滑脱面深度为5km。在柯坪逆冲推覆构造中部的皮羌断裂东西两侧各5km和8km的位置,以断层弯曲褶皱和断层扩展褶皱构造模型为指导,用线长平衡的方法完成了2条长度分别为78km和73km的平衡地质剖面,恢复到变形前的形态后计算出这2条剖面上的地壳缩短量分别为40km和45km,缩短率为33%和37%。由于对柯坪逆冲推覆构造开始形成时间的证据较少,所以要计算长期的缩短速率是比较困难的。对比天山南麓库车活动逆断裂-褶皱带的形成时代,以及柯坪逆冲推覆构造与印干断裂的关系,认为柯坪逆冲推覆构造形成于第四纪早期的西域砾岩沉积阶段,按距今2.5Ma计算,柯坪逆冲推覆构造的地壳缩短速率是15.4~17.3mm/a 相似文献
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准噶尔盆地东缘构造:阿尔泰与北天山造山带交接转换的陆内过程 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
准噶尔盆地位于中亚造山带西段,地表地质已有大量成果,但对该盆地深部结构构造研究相对薄弱,这制约了对该区构造演化的认识.通过对研究区大量二维地震剖面的详细构造解释,揭示出准噶尔盆地东缘主要的逆冲断裂有:乌伦古东、红盆、红盆南、喀拉萨依、滴水泉北、滴水泉南和沙西等断裂.断裂整体组合表现为向北西发散、向南东收敛的逆冲-走滑构造特征,可分为三组构造体系.北部叠瓦式褶皱-逆冲体系位于研究区北部,走向北西,倾向北东,表现为自北向南的叠瓦式逆冲推覆构造,整体上具有北老南新的特征,断裂最早形成于石炭纪,之后向南不断拓展.中部逆冲-走滑体系位于研究区中部,近东西走向,断面陡立,印支期为左行压扭,燕山期发生右行走滑,伴生少量小型正断层.南部褶皱-逆冲体系位于研究区南部,北东走向,倾向北西,分支断裂主体均为走向北东的逆断层.全区断层相关褶皱常见有断展和断弯褶皱.区域构造对比表明,在南阿尔泰和北天山两大造山带的挤压汇聚作用下,准噶尔盆地东缘在三叠纪-早白垩世期间持续发生陆内变形.其中研究区北部主控断裂指示了自北向南的逆冲推覆,动力来自南阿尔泰造山带的持续挤压;南部褶皱不对称性和主逆冲断层指示动力来自北天山造山带的持续挤压;中部走滑断裂早期逆冲作用较强,后期叠加走滑构造,是南、北两大动力系统发生复杂交接转换的结果,并调节了盆地内部次级块体的运动,使其向西挤出. 相似文献
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内蒙古大青山地区的临河-集宁断裂带是华北板块北缘的一条重要断裂带。它主要由韧性剪切带、韧脆性剪切带和推覆构造等构成。推覆构造自南向北可分为叠瓦逆冲推覆构造带、紧闭褶皱-逆冲断层变形带、宽缓褶皱一断层转折褶皱带、滑脱褶皱一断层传播褶皱带等4个变形带。断裂带从韧性到脆性表示了其出露深度不同。并有由南到北活动强度逐渐减弱的趋势。该区主要分布有以金为主的多金属矿床和以煤、大理岩为主的非金属矿床。区内金多金属矿床多与韧性剪切带有关,断裂构造为金属矿床的形成提供了空间,也是成矿物质的通道。研究指出了该地区的找矿前景与方向。 相似文献
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1902年阿图什81/4级地震发生在西南天山山前推覆构造体中,逆冲推覆构造由推覆体的根部断裂、推覆体、滑脱断层和前缘逆断裂-褶皱等组成,大地震的发震断裂往往是推覆构造的根部断裂,而地震地表破裂和同震褶皱隆起则位于山前逆断层-褶皱带内。高震级的潜在震源区(MU7.5)对应于低速的天山地块和高速的塔里木地块之间的根带断裂,其长度对应于推覆体根带断裂的长度,宽度对应于根带隐伏逆冲断裂在地表的投影宽度。推覆体前缘的每个活动逆断裂-背斜对应于一个潜在震源(MU≤7.5),其长度与活动逆断裂-背斜的长度相等,宽度应覆盖活动褶皱的两翼。潜在震源的矩震级上限由W-C统计关系式确定,其中发震断裂的面积为活动褶皱的长度与隐伏断坡宽度的乘积。 相似文献
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中蒙边界区中生代推覆构造与伸展垮塌作用的运动学和动力学分析 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
中蒙边界的亚干地区经历古生代造山作用之后, 中生代经历两次重大的构造事件: 造山期(晚三叠-早侏罗世)为地壳的缩短导致总体向南的特大型推覆构造; 晚造山期(晚侏罗-早白垩 世)近南北的地壳伸展, 形成变质核杂岩. 经构造的运动学和动力学分析查明, 造山期形成的推覆构造上盘总体运动方向约180°, 运动学涡度约为−0.10, 属缩短-增厚型剪切作用, 最大主压应力轴方向近水平. 晚造山期伸展作用形成拆离断层, 上盘总体运动方向约165°: 早期运动学涡度平均为0.74, 属简单剪切为主减薄型剪切作用, 最大主压应力轴倾角66°; 晚期伸展作用的运动学涡度为平均0.55, 属纯剪切为主减薄型剪切作用, 最大主压应力轴方向近直立. 表明推覆构造导致地壳的增厚, 原处于地壳上层的岩石下沉进入韧脆性转化带以下的下地壳, 增温的下盘岩石和其下部分重熔的物质因其体积的增大和比重的减小而上浮, 而上盘岩石则因构造增厚负荷加大. 在上方负荷和下部热隆的联合作用下, 夹持其间的韧性剪切带中的垂向纯剪切组分增大. 当垂向纯剪切组分超过简单剪切组分时, 韧性剪切带转化为伸展-减薄型剪切带. 这一递进转化过程体现了推覆构造和伸展构造时空关系和其间运动学和动力学内在的本质联系: 推覆构造引起地壳增厚的过程中孕育了伸展的因素, 伸展组分的递增最终导致晚造山的伸展垮塌. 相似文献
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本文对影响喜马拉雅逆冲断层地区热结构的三种主要热源（断层的摩擦剪切热,地壳的放射性热和上地幔的传导热）的效应进行了计算分析,在计算中考虑了岩石的流变性造成的剪应力和温度的非线性关系及岩石温度到达熔点时的熔解热.结果表明,尽管地壳的放射性热和上地幔的传导热也可能引起地壳中的部分熔融,但此时熔融将从地壳底部开始发生,这与喜马拉雅地区观测到的地质现象不符;在考虑了剪切断层带的剪切热后,熔融将从断层附近开始发生,因此得到了比较符合实际地质现象的结果. 相似文献
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从构造热演化的角度研究了青藏高原的形成模式,对形成机制中的两种主要假说:双地壳模型和叠瓦状模型进行了热模拟.在模拟时考虑了逆冲断层、均衡地壳抬升和沉积覆盖层对温度场的影响.结果表明,双地壳模型的热演化结果和实际观测资料明显不符;叠瓦状模型的结果在藏南地区能够较好地符合地球物理观测资料和解释地质构造运动.除较高的放射性元素含量外,断层的摩擦剪切热和沉积盖层热折射伴随地体的抬升侵蚀是喜马拉雅两条花岗岩带和反转的高温变质岩带的主要成因,并和现今上地壳水热活动有密切的关系. 相似文献
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This paper provides the structural analysis of the Chefchaouen area in the northern Rif. Here the Dorsale Calcaire superposes, by means of an excellently exposed thrust fault, onto the Predorsalian succession in turn tectonically covering the Massylian Unit. Hanging wall carbonates of the Dorsale Calcaire Unit form a WSW-verging regional fold with several parasitic structures, deformed by late reverse faults in places indicating an ENE vergence. A 200 m thick shear zone characterizes the upper part of the Predorsalian succession, located at footwall of the Dorsale Calcaire Unit. Here the dominantly pelitic levels are highly deformed by (i) C′ type shear bands indicating a mean WSW tectonic transport and (ii) conjugate extensional shear planes marking an extension both orthogonal and parallel to the shear direction. The Massylian Unit is characterized by a strain gradient increasing toward the tectonic contact with the overlying Predorsalian succession, where the dominantly pelitic levels are so highly deformed so as appearing as a broken formation. Such as the previous succession, conjugate extensional shear bands and normal faults indicate a horizontal extension parallel to the thrust front synchronous with the mainly WSW-directed overthrusting. The whole thrust sheet pile recorded a further shortening, characterized by a NW–SE direction, expressed by several reverse and thrust faults and related folds. Finally strike-slip and normal faults were the last deformation structures recorded in the analyzed rocks. A possible tectonic evolution for these successions is provided. In the late Burdigalian, the Dorsale Calcaire Unit tectonically covered the Predorsalian succession and together the Massylian Unit. The latter two successions were completely detached from their basement and accreted in the orogenic wedge within a general NE–SW shortening for the analyzed sector of the northern Rif. At lithosphere scale the thrust front migration was driven by roll back and slab tear mechanisms producing a synchronous arching and related counterclockwise rotation of the tectonic prism along the African margin. Radial displacement involved extension parallel to the thrust front well-recorded in the analyzed rocks. The NE–SW shortening, probably acting in the Tortonian–Pliocene interval, was related to the final compression of the Rif Chain resulting in out-of-sequence thrusts affecting the whole orogenic belt. 相似文献
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根据美国地球物理数据中心的地磁场模型(NGDC-720),研究云南地区地壳磁异常的空间变化,包括磁异常及其梯度的分布、磁异常随高度的衰减、不同波长成分对总体磁异常的贡献.比较磁异常与重力异常、大地热流、地震活动等地球物理信息的异同特征,探讨地壳磁异常与地质构造的关系.研究结果表明:丽江—小金河、红河断裂带以西的三江、滇西造山带的异常较弱,菱形地块的异常相对较强.研究区域的地壳磁异常主要是弱磁性基底背景下叠加的浅源磁性体产生.卫星磁异常显示滇中坳陷区具有清晰的偶极场特征.沿红河断裂带分布的正负磁异常带与断裂构造走向一致.围限菱形地块的丽江—小金河断裂、红河断裂、康定—奕良—水城断裂和弥勒—师宗—水城断裂带是磁异常的强弱过渡带.强烈地震发生的地点、大地热流值高的地区,地壳磁异常为负值或相对较弱. 相似文献
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The feasibility of using temperature measurements at a depth of about 2 m for locating and delineating salt domes and faults has been investigated both theoretically and in experimental field surveys. It is shown that measurable temperature anomalies in the soil are to be expected over shallow salt domes. In a field survey over a salt-dome area bordering the Groningen gas field, a large number of temperature measurements were made in small holes (2 m deep, 3 cm in diameter) within a relatively short time (some weeks). The results clearly indicate several temperature anomalies with differential temperatures of about 1°C. Comparison of our thermal contour map with interpretations of available seismic or gravity data, or with direct evidence from wells, showed an excellent correlation. Seismic data even support the shape of the thermal contours. Results in similar agreement with gravity or well data were obtained over salt ridges in a tropical area. Experiments showed that the technique worked as well in lakes and marshes as on dry land. In addition, some experimental evidence collected so far over shallow and surface faults is presented. In several cases, strong thermal anomalies coincided with known surface faults. A thermal model for a surface-fault zone is suggested which accounts satisfactorily for the observed thermal data. It suggests some diagnostic value for the fault's geometry. For shallow faults, however, lack of knowledge of subsurface detail prevented any unambiguous correlation with observed thermal anomalies. Accordingly any geological use of thermal analysis over shallow faults remains debatable. The field technique is simple, needs little correction and can, where useful, easily be included in routine gravity work to provide additional local information. 相似文献
17.
Tectono-chronologic constraints on a Mesozoic slip and thrust belt in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A major slip and thrust belt within the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula is located at the eastern terminal of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt between the Sino-Korea Block and Yangtze Block. Although a lot of isotope chronologic data have been obtained regionally, little structural chronological research has been conducted in this region and this paper corrects that. Syn-deformational minerals were system-atically selected from samples of the NE-ENE trending transpressional shear zones and transpres-sional nappes and carefully analysed using 40Ar/39Ar methods. Two tectonic events were defined with the first event resulting from early movement of transpressional nappes around 190 Ma ago. This ac-cords with the period of syn-orogenic sinistral slip of the Tan-Lu faults and clockwise shear in the Eastern Qinling-Tongbaishan part of the Qinling-Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. The second event involved strikeslip thrust movement of deep shear zones between 130Ma and 120Ma. This resulted from the onset of Mesozoic tectonic conversion in the eastern Jiaodong Peninsula. The sinistral strikeslip-thrusting in Jiaodong Peninsula and the extensional tectonism (toward ESE) in Liaodong Peninsula probably resulted in the clockwise rotation of Korea Peninsula in late Mesozoic. 相似文献
18.
大量的地质和地球物理资料表明 ,年轻的大陆构造活动区的下地壳可能因热软化而出现透入性非地震式顺层韧性流动 ,这种下地壳层流作用驱动大陆上地壳发生地震式脆性断块运动 ,形成盆山格局 ,发生圈层耦合。大陆下地壳低粘度物质顺层流动可能是在地幔岩浆底侵作用为下地壳提供热能和添加幔源物质的基础上 ,并在地幔上升派生的重力和剪切力作用下 ,造成大陆下地壳热软化物质从盆地下部的幔隆区顺层流向相邻造山带之下的幔拗区。在下地壳层流过程中 ,地温场和速度场发生变 相似文献
19.
通过大量野外地质调查和深部物探（地震剖面、MT和重力）综合构造解释，在位于东起八盘水磨，西对乌鲁克恰特以西的南天山前陆冲断带中，确定了阿图什－八盘水磨反冲构造系统及其三角带构造；该反冲系统由小阿图什－八盘水磨和乌尔－喀拉套山反冲构造系统及小阿图什－乌鲁克恰特被变形的反冲构造系统组成；即在以往认为南天山向塔里木盆地大规模中推覆的地区，塔里木盆地美国层第四纪以来沿多组滑脱面向天山新生代造山带反冲推覆。塔里木盆地反冲构造系统发育的区域基底埋深往往大于10km，对应麦盖提基底构造下凹区，而相邻柯坪塔格薄皮推覆构造系统发育的区域基底埋深一般小于10km,对应巴楚基底构造上隆区；逆冲和反冲构造转换带基底埋深约10km,平衡剖面恢复表明弧形逆冲和反冲构造顶部分别为逆冲和反冲位移量最大位置。 相似文献
20.
ChengChuan Gu Guang Zhu MingJian Zhai ShaoZe Lin LiHong Song Bei Liu 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2016,59(12):2389-2410
The NE-striking Yilan-Yitong Fault Zone(YYFZ) with a length of ca. 900 km is an important major fault zone in northeastern China. Its origin has been a controversial issue for a long time. Detailed field investigation and comprehensive analyses show that strike-slip faults or ductile shear belts exist as the origination structures on the both shoulders of the Cretaceous-Paleogene grabens. These strike-slip structures are dominated by brittle transcurrent faults, and appear as ductile shear belts only in the Weiyuanpu-Yehe and Shulan parts in the south and middle of the fault zone, respectively. The shear belts strike NE-SW and show steep mylonitic foliation and gentle mineral elongation lineation. Outcrop structures, microstructures and quartz c-axis fabrics demonstrate a sinistral shear sense with minor reverse component for the ductile shear belts. The microstructures suggest deformation temperatures of 400–450°C for the Weiyuanpu-Yehe shear belts and 350–400°C for the Shulan shear belt. A series of zircon U-Pb dating results for deformed and undeformed plutons or dikes in the shear belts constrain the strike-slip motion to the time between 160 and 126 Ma. It is further inferred from ages of main geological events in this region that the fault zone originated in the earliest Early Cretaceous. It is suggested therefore that the southern and middle parts of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone, which originated in Middle Triassic, propagated into northeastern China along the sinistral YYFZ under the earliest Early Cretaceous regional compression that is referred to as the Yanshan B event. The earliest Early Cretaceous initiation of the YYFZ results from both the high-speed oblique subduction of the Izanagi Plate and the final closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean, but the Izanagi Plate subduction played a major dynamic role in the fault zone origin. 相似文献