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运用稳定性同位素分析技术研究红鳍原鲌δ13C和δ15N值变化规律,进一步探讨贡湖湾、鲤山湾和东太湖3个典型水域的红鳍原鲌食性差异.结果显示,红鳍原鲌的δ13C值与体长、δ15N值与体长呈显著正相关关系,大个体的红鳍原鲌(体长138 mm)δ13C值和营养级显著高于小个体红鳍原鲌(体长138 mm),表明红鳍原鲌在生长过程中随着口裂的增大和捕食能力的加强发生了食性转变现象:食物来源由小型浮游动物向鱼类转变.红鳍原鲌的δ13C在3个水域中具有明显的空间异质性,东太湖(-25.17‰±2.56‰)作为养殖活动影响区均显著低于贡湖湾(-23.11‰±1.05‰)和鲤山湾(-22.73‰±1.31‰),而且个体普遍偏小,说明红鳍原鲌种群分布可能存在一定的区域性,会根据栖息环境选择食物来源.红鳍原鲌在高浓度蓝藻的环境下,偏向摄食较大个体的动物性饵料,减轻对浮游动物的摄食压力,间接控制水体富营养化的发展.另外,还讨论了红鳍原鲌对生态系统的影响,为其资源保护和合理配置利用提供理论依据. 相似文献
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通过研究太湖湖鲚的年龄结构、食物组成，结合太湖鱼类渔获量统计和环境检测资料，分析了1973-2002年间太 湖湖鲚渔获量变化的规律、原因及与生物环境间的相互关系．结果表明：1994年后湖鲚渔获量正以平均年增1430t 的速度 上升；种群中0~ 个体占99．04±2．21%(2003年)、99．08±0．80%(2004年)；而0~ 湖鲚主要以浮游动物为食，其中枝角 类占食物总个数的89．77．80±13．69%．分析发现：湖鲚渔获量与 TIN、TN、COD 间的正相关关系均达到显著水平；与翘嘴 红鲌、银鱼产量间的负相关关系达到极显著水平；种群低龄化趋势加剧与捕捞强度不断升高相一致；浮游动物现存量有随 湖鲚渔获量升高而降低的趋势． 相似文献
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异尾轮虫是热带亚热带地区轮虫的重要优势类群.为了解其在水库中的分布模式和潜在影响因素,于2013-2014年对广东流溪河水库河流区、过渡区及湖泊区的异尾轮虫群落及环境因子进行逐月调查.2年共采集到异尾轮虫11种,其中对棘异尾轮虫(Trichocerca similis)、圆筒异尾轮虫(T.cylindrica)、暗小异尾轮虫(T.pusilla)和刺盖异尾轮虫(T.capucina)为优势种,主要出现在丰水期,具有明显的季节分布模式.2013-2014年河流区、过渡区和湖泊区异尾轮虫丰度平均值分别为142.9、102.5和53.6 ind./L,3个水域的异尾轮虫总丰度在夏季(5-9月)较高.从水库上游到下游,异尾轮属的物种丰富度和Simpson多样性指数呈现递减趋势,体现了群落对环境的分区和稳定性变化的响应.群落丰度组成的主成分分析表明,主要优势种的丰度全年分布差异较大,而多数种类全年分布差异小.冗余分析表明,叶绿素a浓度、晶囊轮虫丰度、水温+磷酸盐浓度分别为影响河流区、过渡区和湖泊区异尾轮虫群落结构的关键变量,而降雨则是影响整个库区异尾轮虫群落结构的潜在变量. 相似文献
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温度对花鱼骨耗氧率和排氨率的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
实验研究了不同水温(10℃,15℃,20℃,25℃)对三种不同规格花(?)的耗氧率和排氨率的影响并阐述了花(?)耗氧和排氨对水质的影响．实验结果表明:体重、温度对其耗氧率和排氨率有极显著的影响,而体重和温度的综合效应对其耗氧率和排氨率没有显著影响;在实验室条件下,花(?)的耗氧率(RO)和排氨率(RN)与体重(W)之间的回归关系分别符合幂函数方程RO=aWb和RN=cWd,在10-25℃温度范同内,不同规格花(?)的耗氧率和排氨率随着温度的升高而增大,随花(?)体重的增加而减少;耗氧率和排氨率与温度(T)、体重(W)的二元线性回归方程分别为:RO:0．008 T 0．022W- 0.003、RN=16．7T 0．741W-0．44,复相关系数分别是r=0．967和r=0．937,F检验表明,两个回归方程均极显著;耗氧率(RO)与排氨率(RN)的比值(O:N)为10．31-28．08,说明花(?)主要以蛋白质和脂肪作为能源物质． 相似文献
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栖息地退化和外来物种入侵都是淡水生态系统中的主要威胁因素,因此,量化不同人类活动干扰强度下外来入侵生物和本土生物的食性组成差异,对于明确种间竞争强度,制定适合的管理对策至关重要.本研究应用碳、氮稳定同位素分析技术,比较了长江中下游西洞庭湖湿地受人类活动干扰程度不同的天然湿地和人工改造湿地中的入侵种克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)与本土种日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)的食性组成及差异.2017年8月8-18日在西洞庭湖区不同人类干扰强度的栖息地中采集了两种消费者和5种潜在食物来源样品,共计91个.测定碳氮稳定同位素含量后,使用贝叶斯混合模型,估算不同食物来源对消费者的贡献.研究发现:在两种栖息地中克氏原螯虾与日本沼虾食性均有重叠,且在改造湿地中重叠度更大.与克氏原螯虾相比,日本沼虾消费更多的动物性食物.与天然湿地相比,在改造湿地中由于克氏原螯虾数量更多,与本土种竞争食物资源,克氏原螯虾和日本沼虾δ13 C比值都显著升高,食性组成均发生了变化,植物性食物来源比重增加.由于食性改变,在改造湿地中仅日本沼虾δ15 N比值显著下降,克氏原螯虾在两种栖息地中δ15 N比值无显著变化.本研究证明,随着人类干扰强度增大,受干扰湿地中外来入侵生物对本土生物的影响增大. 相似文献
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大水面日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponensis)资源人工增殖 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
挑选受精卵颜色呈褐色或接近褐色的抱卵虾,放入网箱多点布局孵化,直接放流孵出幼体是大水面日本沼虾资源增殖的有效方法.2001年,采用此法对湖北省阳新县网湖日水沼虾进行增殖,其产量从增殖前(2000年)的10000kg上升至35000kg,取得显著增殖效果,进箱孵化的抱卵数量(N,kg)可用计划生产量(Y,kg),总回捕率(R)及个体平均体重(W,g/ind)计算:N≥Y·(1000·R·W)-1. 相似文献
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原产美国南部和墨西哥东北部的克氏原螯虾是目前全球入侵最广的小龙虾,也是对淡水生态系统最具破坏性的物种之一,其对栖息地沉水植物的现存量构成严重威胁,然而目前对克氏原螯虾摄食沉水植物的机制还知之甚少.本文选择6种沉水植物,研究克氏原螯虾对浅水湖泊常见的沉水植物穗花狐尾藻(Myriophyllum spicatum)、密刺苦草(Vallisneria denseserrulata)、轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus L.)、马来眼子菜(Potamogeton malaianus)和金鱼藻(Ceratophyllum demersum)的新鲜植株和分解腐烂后的植株的摄食偏好及原因,结果表明克氏原螯虾对沉水植物新鲜植株选择逗留偏好为:最偏爱逗留在轮叶黑藻区,在穗花狐尾藻、密刺苦草和马来眼子菜3种植株区逗留频次无区别,而在金鱼藻区逗留频次显著最低,6种植物湿重减少量与逗留偏好趋势相似;相对各新鲜植株,克氏原螯虾均更喜欢逗留在分解腐烂8 d或12 d后的植物碎屑区域,相应分解腐烂8 d或12 d植物湿重降低量也显著更高.6种植物新鲜植株总酚类含量均显著高于分解腐烂后的植株,其中穗花狐尾藻新鲜和分解腐烂后的植株的总酚类含量始终显著高于其他5种植物.结合植物总酚类指标和摄食偏好结果,表明克氏原螯虾对沉水植物的摄食具有选择性,相对新鲜植物更喜摄食腐烂后的碎屑,总酚类不是影响其选择的关键因子. 相似文献
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太湖大银鱼生长特性的研究 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
本文根据太湖大银鱼(Protosalanx hyalocranius Abbott)周年生物学实测资料,并应用Von Bertalanffy生长方程进行计算,对大银鱼在太湖的生长规律及特点进行分析探讨,结果表明:1.体全长与体重呈幂函数关系:W=3.981×10~(-6)L~(2.9359);2.Von Bertalanffy生长方程的各项参数值为:L_∞=219.86(mm),W_∞=28.56(g),K=0.1469,t_0=0.33;3。生长拐点年龄为7、8月龄。 相似文献
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了解迁徙路线和迁徙前后活动规律对候鸟的保护具有重要意义.2019年2-3月，在鄱阳湖对20只豆雁（Anser fabalis）佩戴了卫星跟踪器，研究了鄱阳湖豆雁越冬种群的迁徙路线和活动特征.结果表明，最早的个体在3月12日开始北迁，较晚的个体4月25日北迁，截至6月20日仍有部分个体没有迁徙.豆雁卫星追踪时间为60.5±15.6天（n=19），迁徙距离为1349.5±1004.9 km （n=18），迁徙时间为34.7±16.1天（n=18），停歇地的数量为6±3（n=18）.豆雁的春季迁徙路线可以分为东线和中线两部分，东线经过我国安徽、江苏、山东、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江，进入俄罗斯；中线经过我国湖北、安徽、河南、河北、内蒙古，进入蒙古.豆雁在30°~40°N之间较少做长时间的停留，而在40°~50°N之间会做2.7±1.1次（n=9）较长时间的停歇，每次停歇长达12.7±7.2天（n=24），东北平原和内蒙古高原东部是豆雁重要的中途停歇地.豆雁日间的活动量显著高于夜间，迁徙前期的活动量显著高于迁徙期，迁徙前期在8：00-9：00和18：00-19：00两个时段为活动高峰，迁徙期每天7：00-8：00和18：00-19：00两个时段为活动高峰.在不同环境温度区内豆雁的活动距离存在显著差异（n=8827，df=9，P=0.000），在0~5℃时的平均活动距离最大，为4.9±14.4 km/h. 相似文献
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水丰水库亚洲公鱼和大银鱼种群生态的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
1998年 10月至 2 0 0 0年 11月对水丰水库亚洲公鱼和大银鱼的食性、生长、繁殖、群体结构进行了比较研究 .亚洲公鱼为杂食性鱼类但主要以浮游动物为食 ,繁殖时还摄食同类卵 ,出现频率达 4 2 .9% ,在冬季也摄食大银鱼卵 (2 .8% ) ;体长 (L)、体重 (W)呈异速生长 (W =1.176×10 - 6 L3.5555) ;群体繁殖速度比 1984年以前提高了 4 9.2 % ;群体结构中体长、体重的离散度很小 .大银鱼前期主要以浮游动物为食 ,后期以小鱼小虾为主要食物 ,也捕食公鱼 ,出现频率 6 .9% -9 6 % ;体长、体重呈等速生长 ,W =4 .4 82× 10 - 6 L3.0 0 0 9;群体繁殖速度高出公鱼 1.18倍 ;群体结构中体长、体重的离散度较大 ,表现出了个体间的差异性 相似文献
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对湖北省阳新县网湖所采得的862尾似刺鳊鮈的年龄与生长的研究表明,其年轮特征主要为切割型和碎裂型。其体长与鳞径呈直线相关:L=5.6784+4.3056R;体长与体重呈幂函数的增长关系:W=2.8026×10~(-2)L~(2.8754)。应用Van Bertalanffy生长方程拟合该鱼的一般生长规律,其生长参数为:L_∞=25.0143cm,W_∞=277.8876g,K=0.4668,t_0=-1.3886,拐点年龄t_i=1龄,拐点体长L_i=16.42cm,拐点体重W_i=82.82g。 相似文献
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Estimate of influence of U-Th-K radiogenic heat on cooling process of granitic melt and its geological implications 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
ZHANG BangTong WU JunQi LING HongFei & CHEN PeiRong The State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research Department of Earth Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2007,50(5):672-677
The U-Th-~(40)K concentrations of granite are on 1―2 orders of magnitude greater than those of basal- tic-ultrabasic rocks. Radiogenic heat of a granitic melt has significant influence on the cool- ing-crystallization period of the melt. In this paper we derived a formula to calculate prolongation period (tA) of cooling-crystallization of a granitic melt caused by radiogenic heat. Calculation using this for- mula and radioactive element concentrations (U=5.31×10-6; Th=23.1×10-6; K=4.55%) for the biotite adamellite of the Jinjiling batholith shows that the tA of the adamellite is 1.4 times of the cooling period of the granitic melt without considering radiogenic heat from the initial temperature (Tm=960℃) to crystallization temperature (Tc=600℃) of the melt. It has been demonstrated that the radiogenic heat produced in a granitic melt is a key factor influencing the cooling-crystallization process of the granitic melt, and is likely one of the reasons for inconsistence between emplacement ages and crystallization ages of many Meso-Cenozoic granitoids. 相似文献
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XIAO YingKai LIU WeiGuo MA YunQi ZHANG YanLing HE MaoYong LUO ChongGuang LIAO QingQiang 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(5):1048-1060
To be used as proxies of seawater surface temperature(SST), the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of scleractinian coral skeletons must be verified by coral culture experiments in the laboratory. This paper describes a coral culture experiment that was conducted at several seawater temperatures T(21–28°C) using a tandem aquarium system and the new method for depositing coral skeletons grown under controlled conditions. The δ 18Oc values and the Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral were measured. We concluded that the δ 18Oc values and Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios of the cultured coral are clearly correlated with T. The linear regression curve is δ18Oc(‰)=δ0.1427δT(°C)δ0.1495(n=18, r=0.955, p0.0001), and the slope of δ0.1427‰/°C is at the low end of the range of published values(δ0.13–δ0.29‰/°C). The Sr/Ca ratio decreases with increasing T, whereas the Mg/Ca ratio increases with increasing T, indicating a negative correlation between Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca. Their linear regression curves are Sr/Ca(mmol/mol)=δ0.04156δT+10.59(n=15, r=0.789, p0.005) and Mg/Ca(mmol/mol)= 0.04974δT+2.339(n=17, r=0.457, p0.05), respectively, which demonstrate that when Mg/Ca and Sr/Ca are increased by one unit, T increases by 5.19°C and decreases by 15.62°C, respectively. These variations are significantly lower than published values. 相似文献
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Gully morphological characteristics in the loess hilly‐gully region based on 3D laser scanning technique 
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下载免费PDF全文 Gully morphology characteristics can be used effectively to describe the status of gully development. The Chabagou watershed, located in the hilly‐gully region of the Loess Plateau in China, was selected to investigate gully morphological characteristics using a 3D laser scanning technique (LIDAR). Thirty‐one representative gullies located at different watershed locations and gully orders were chosen to quantitatively describe gully morphology and establish empirical equations for estimating gully volume based on gully length and gully surface area. Images and point cloud data for the 31 gullies were collected, and digital elevation models (DEMs) with 10‐cm resolution were generated. ArcGIS 10.1 was then used to extract fundamental gully morphological parameters covering gully length (L), gully width (WT) and gully depth (D), and some derivative morphological parameters, including gully head curvature (C), gully width–depth ratio (w/d), gully bottom‐to‐top width ratio (WB/WT), gully surface area (Ag) and gully volume (Vg). The results indicated that gullies in the upper watershed and the second order were more developed based on their high values of gully head curvature. The potential for gully development increased from the second order to the fourth order. Within the same gully orders, gullies in the lower watershed were more active with more development potential. A method for differentiating between gully head and gully sidewalls based on the gully head curvature value was proposed with a mean relative error of 8.77%. U‐shaped cross‐sections were widely distributed in the upper watershed and upper positions of a gully, while V‐shaped cross‐sections were widely distributed in the lower watershed and lower positions of a gully. V–L and V–Ag empirical equations with acceptable accuracy were established and can be used to estimate gully erosion in the Loess hilly‐gully region. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Empirical scaling equations for Fourier amplitude spectra of strong ground motion are used to describe A0 and τ in the assumed (high-frequency) shape of strong motion amplitudes: FS(φ) = A0e-πτφ. The res of computed A0 and τ with other related estimates of spectral amplitudes; (2) smooth decay of strong motion spectral amplitudes up to φ = 25 Hz, without an abrupt low-pass filtering of high frequecies; and (3) good agreement with other estimates of the regionally specific attenuation of high-frequncy seismic waves.As the recorded strong earthquake shaking in the western United States typically samples only the shallow (10 km) and local (100km) characteristics of wave attenuation, the processed strong motion accelerograms can be used as the most direct means of describing the nature of the high-frequency attenuation of the entire strong motion signal for use in earthquake engineering applications. Seismological body wave, Lg and coda wave estimates of Q sample different volumes of the crust surrounding the station, and involve different paths of the waves. These differences must be carefully documented and understood before the results can be used in earthquake engineering characterization of strong motion amplitudes. 相似文献
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Empirical prediction equations of the form W = aQb have been reported for rills and rivers, but not for ephemeral gullies. In this study six experimental data sets are used to establish a relationship between channel width (W, m) and flow discharge (Q, m3 s?1) for ephemeral gullies formed on cropland. The resulting regression equation (W = 2·51 Q0·412; R2 = 0·72; n = 67) predicts observed channel width reasonably well. Owing to logistic limitations related to the respective experimental set ups, only relatively small runoff discharges (i.e. Q < 0·02 m3s?1) were covered. Using field data, where measured ephemeral gully channel width was attributed to a calculated peak runoff discharge on sealed cropland, the application field of the regression equation was extended towards larger discharges (i.e. 5 × 10?4m3s?1 < Q < 0·1 m3s?1). Comparing W–Q relationships for concentrated flow channels revealed that the discharge exponent (b) varies from 0·3 for rills over 0·4 for gullies to 0·5 for rivers. This shift in b may be the result of: (i) differences in flow shear stress distribution over the wetted perimeter between rills, gullies and rivers, (ii) a decrease in probability of a channel formed in soil material with uniform erosion resistance from rills over gullies to rivers and (iii) a decrease in average surface slope from rills over gullies to rivers. The proposed W–Q equation for ephemeral gullies is valid for (sealed) cropland with no significant change in erosion resistance with depth. Two examples illustrate limitations of the W–Q approach. In a first example, vertical erosion is hindered by a frozen subsoil. The second example relates to a typical summer situation where the soil moisture profile of an agricultural field makes the top 0·02 m five times more erodible than the underlying soil material. For both cases observed W values are larger than those predicted by the established channel width equation for concentrated flow on cropland. For the frozen soils the equation W = 3·17 Q0·368 (R2 = 0·78; n = 617) was established, but for the summer soils no equation could be established. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
For short-period near-earthquake records in eastern China, from the empirical attenuation formula of coda ground motion amplitudeA with timeτ: lgA=G−2. 235 lgτ, using the single scattering theory modified with epicentral distance, we obtain the curve family of corrected coda amplitudeA
c(r,t), andω/2Q
c values for each time interval of coda. From this,Q
c(f,h) values, which correspond to each observational average frequency and sampling depth, are calculated. The results substantially
agree with those observationalQ
c values in Yunnan, Beijing and central Asia. 相似文献