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1.
千岛湖表层沉积物中有机氯农药的残留特征及生态风险评价 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对千岛湖表层沉积物中21种有机氯农药(OCPs)的残留现状进行调查,明确HCHs与DDTs的组成特征及源解析,并评估其生态风险.结果表明,千岛湖表层沉积物中共检出12种OCPs,各采样点位OCPs总量的浓度范围在0.43~12.70 ng/g之间,平均值为5.28±4.84 ng/g,处于低残留水平,其中DDTs是主要的残留物,街口、大坝前点位样品出现OCPs高残留.工业DDTs的历史使用是千岛湖表层沉积物DDTs残留的主要来源,仅街口点位样品存在林丹的污染并有新的DDTs输入,应引起重视.利用沉积物质量基准法、沉积物质量标准法分别对千岛湖表层沉积物中OCPs的生态风险进行评价,结果表明部分点位样品中OCPs的残留现状对该区生物可能存在生态风险. 相似文献
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广东新丰江水库XFJ-1孔DDTs和HCHs的沉积记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以~(210)Pb对广东新丰江水库XFJ-1孔进行了定年,以GC-ECD测定新丰江水库沉积钻孔中DDTs和HCHs的含量,通过对比其剖面变化特征与该类农药在我国的生产、使用历史,探讨了水库中DDT、HCH的历史输入途径.过去30年来,XFJ-1孔平均沉积速率为1.42cm/a,沉积物中HCHs和DDTs的含量分别为1.26-3.90ng/g和1.00-3.96ng/g.DDTs、HCHs含量从20世纪80年代初逐渐下降,总体上与我国1983年开始禁止DDT、HCH的大规模生产和使用这一历史事件相符.DDTs、HCHs及其化合物比值的剖面变化特征均表明:流域内后期土壤侵蚀、搬运的再循环污染物质(即二次污染源)对水库DDT和HCH的贡献不明显;相反,农药历史使用(即一次污染源)是其主要来源,大气沉降是其主要输入途径.此外,γ-HCH、o,p′-DDT和p,p′-DDT含量的垂直变化表明,大规模禁用以后这些化合物仍有少量新的输入,需引起重视. 相似文献
3.
为了解白洋淀表层沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多氯联苯(PCBs)的污染情况,采用改进的GC-μECD方法对白洋淀11处沉积物进行了20种OCPs和全部209种PCB单体的定量检测和分析.结果显示:白洋淀11个沉积物样品共检出10种OCPs和24种PCBs,∑OCPs和∑PCBs的含量范围分别为1.22～52.45 ng/g(DW)和nd～37.61 ng/g,在国内处于中等水平; OCPs组成中以HCHs和Dieldrin(狄氏剂)为主,分别占到∑OCPs的39.9%和31.5%,其中7个采样点的HCHs以林丹输入为主,4个采样点以工业六六六污染为主.DDTs检出率较低,来源主要为历史残留;检出的PCB单体以低氯联苯为主,其中一氯、二氯和三氯联苯占∑PCBs的64.73%;采用沉积物质量标准法进行生态风险评估,结果表明白洋淀地区沉积物中p,p'-DDD和∑PCBs生态风险较低,Dieldrin生态风险尚需关注,γ-HCH生态风险较高,不容忽视. 相似文献
4.
北京官厅水库-永定河水系水体中持久性有机氯农药污染 总被引：46，自引：1，他引：45
报道了官厅水库-永定河水系中持久性有机氯农药的污染水平,研究发现在水体中存在六六六(HCHs), 滴滴涕(DDTs), 七氯等在内的有机氯污染物,在所有13个采样点的水样中,18种有机氯农药的浓度为4.2-96.9 ng/L,其中六六六、滴滴涕的含量分别为0.09-53.5ng/L和nd-46.8 ng/L.对污染来源进行分析,发现除了主要是源于历史上农田中有机氯农药的残留外,近期可能有新的农药污染源进入水环境,如林丹和三氯杀螨醇的使用可能造成了新的有机氯农药污染.和国内主要河流相比,官厅水库-永定河水系中有机氯农药的污染属轻度污染. 相似文献
5.
巢湖悬浮物中有机氯农药的分布、来源与风险 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用GC-MS测定了2010年5月至2011年4月巢湖4个采样点悬浮物中有机氯农药(OCPs)含量,分析了悬浮物中OCPs残留水平的时空变化及其组成特征,探讨了悬浮物中主要OCPs的可能来源与生态风险.结果表明:(1)巢湖悬浮物中共检出17种OCPs,分别为六六六类(HCHs)农药的4种异构体(α-、β-、γ-、δ-HCH)、滴滴涕类(DDTs)农药的两种母体(o,p'-、p,p'-DDT)和3种代谢产物(o,p'-、p,p'-DDE,p,p'-DDD)、六氯苯、七氯、艾氏剂、异艾氏剂、氯丹的两种异构体(α-、γ-chlordane)、硫丹-I和灭蚁灵.(2)巢湖悬浮物中∑OCPs含量为172.7±434.9 ng/g,其中∑HCHs含量为15.1±10.3 ng/g,∑DDTs含量为138.8±407.3 ng/g;DDTs在夏季污染水平达到最高;空间上,污染程度为:东部湖区西部湖区中部湖区.(3)DDTs在总OCPs中占有绝对优势,DDTs比例夏季最高而秋季最低;HCHs仅在秋季为主要污染物.(4)HCHs主要来源于近期林丹的非法使用;而DDT主要来源于工业DDT的使用,在春季可能存在DDT的非法使用;悬浮物中DDT的降解环境主要为有氧环境.(5)巢湖悬浮物中p,p'-DDT和o,p'-DDT会对水生生物产生潜在的不利影响. 相似文献
6.
太湖、洞庭湖野生青虾肌肉中有机氯农药的气相色谱-质谱法测定 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
使用气相色谱质谱技术测定了青虾肌肉组织中的8种有机氯农药.包括六氯苯、氯丹、滴滴涕(ΣDDTs)、艾氏剂、狄氏剂、异狄氏剂、七氯和灭蚁灵,对太湖和洞庭湖15个点位29组野士青虾样品的测定结果显示,青虾肌肉组织内残留的有机氯农药主要是六氯苯和滴滴涕,六氯苯含量为nd-13.2μg/kg(湿重),滴滴涕含量为0.790-5.82μg/kg(湿重),洞庭湖青虾肌肉中有机氯农药的含量略高于太湖青虾,两湖青虾肌肉残留有机氯农药在枯水期时的含量多数大于丰水期时的含量. 相似文献
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鄱阳湖周溪湾沉积物中有机氯农药和多环芳烃的垂直分布特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
通过分析鄱阳湖周溪湾柱状沉积物中有机氯农药(OCPs)和多环芳烃(PAHs)的垂直分布特征,初步探讨该区OCPs和PAHs的污染历史.结果表明,周溪湾柱状样中OCPs总含量范围在40.4~174.1 ng/g(dw)之间,六六六(HCHs)是其主要影响的化合物(16.5~153.6 ng/g(dw)),其次为氯丹类(Chlordanes)和滴滴涕类(DDTs),含量分别为3.4~44.0和1.0~33.4 ng/g(dw).垂直分布特征显示:沉积相上OCPs的残留量比实际使用情况向后推迟10~20年,1950s 1990s OCPs曾被大量使用,到2000年左右在沉积物残留上达到顶峰,随后残留量逐渐降低;而近20年来,该区已经鲜有新的HCHs、Chlordanes以及DDTs输入.PAHs总含量范围为41.3~384 ng/g(dw),芘和菲的含量最高,分别为17.1~67.1和2.68~139 ng/g(dw).垂直分布特征显示,1972年以前,PAHs总含量变幅不大,然而近10年来PAHs的排放量急剧上升.此外,自20世纪末开始,周溪湾区域PAHs的主要来源由以前的煤燃烧释放转化为交通污染排放,并伴随有石油泄漏情况. 相似文献
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对太湖西北部主要入湖河流、河口及近岸湖区64个表层沉积物样品进行粒度分析,结合粒度参数计算和聚类分析,探讨了表层沉积物的粒度分布特征及其沉积类型.研究结果表明:研究区沉积物平均粒径介于4.0~58.7μm之间,粒级组分为黏土、粉砂和砂,其含量的均值分别为7.19%、81.81%和11.00%.太湖西北部表层沉积物以粉砂和砂质粉砂为主;研究区粒度总体呈南粗北细的分布特征,太湖西部沿岸区距离物源区较近且水动力条件复杂,沉积物粒度较粗.太湖北部入湖河流沉积物的频率曲线峰形较宽,峰值位于细粒级;西岸入湖河道多呈单峰态,粒径偏粗;河口区沉积物粒径较河道偏粗,粗颗粒含量高.Q型聚类分析结果表明,研究区可分为4类沉积区,其中3类沉积区有典型特征:第1类沉积区主要分布在太湖西部沿岸,其沉积物粒度相对较粗;第2类沉积区主要位于入湖河流河口,沉积物粒度最粗;第3类沉积区位于蓝藻频发的梁溪河,其沉积物黏土含量极高,表明沉积物粒度特征可能与污染状况有一定的联系. 相似文献
11.
Assessment of persistent organochlorine pollutants in sediments from Lake Manzala, Egypt 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in surface and core sediment samples collected from Manzala Lake, the largest of the Egyptian coastal lakes. Total concentrations of OCPs and ∑7 PCBs (ICES) in sediments ranged from 0.63 to 31.31 ng/g and 0.26 to 31.27 ng/g, respectively. Geographical distribution indicates that levels of contaminants were significantly higher in areas which are mainly influenced by municipal discharge, indicating significant sources of these compounds in urbanised areas. The composition of DDT and its metabolites suggest old input of DDT. The levels of contaminants in Manzala Lake were similar or lower than those observed in comparable areas worldwide. The profiles of ∑OCPs and ∑PCBs in a core from a site heavily impacted by sewage discharge have highest concentrations in the surface core section indicating recent inputs. Assessment of ecotoxicological risk indicated that sediments in two sites were likely to pose potential biological adverse impact. 相似文献
12.
Historical contamination and sources of organochlorine pesticides in sediment cores from Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Three sediment cores were collected from the top to the mouth of Quanzhou Bay, Southeast China, in order to establish sources and historical trends of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in the region. The spatial distribution of OCPs in surface sediments implies that Quanzhou Bay received the contamination inputs not only from rivers near the shore, but also from outside the bay. The variation profiles of concentrations clearly showed that OCPs were widely used between 1960s and 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend was found in all cores despite their ban in China in 1983. Different ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDTs indicated that DDTs at the top of the bay were mainly derived from long-term weather soils, while DDTs near the mouth of the bay were mainly derived from fresh inputs from outside the bay. Higher percentage of gamma-HCH in HCHs deposited after 1990 implies that lindane may have been used recently around Quanzhou Bay. 相似文献
13.
《Marine pollution bulletin》2012,65(12):2839-2843
The residual levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in surface sediments collected from Candarli Gulf. Total concentrations of OCPs and PCBs in sediments ranged from 10.2 to 57.3 and 2.8 to 205 ng g−1 dwt, respectively. DDTs in sediments were derived from the aged and weathered agricultural soils in 61% of the sampling stations while 39% of the sites originated from the recent DDT inputs. Their concentrations appeared to be relatively low by global standards and only sediments receiving the impact from the Bakircay River and petrochemical industry approached the sediment quality guidelines for PCBs and DDTs. Based on ERL/ERM guidelines, DDT and PCBs posed ecological risk to the bottom-dwelling consumers. 相似文献
14.
Composition and distribution of organochlorine pesticide residues in surface sediments from the Wu-Shi River Estuary,Taiwan 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
The contamination of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in sediments from the Wu-Shi River estuary was investigated to evaluate the pollution potentials and distribution of OCPs in central Taiwan. A total of 19 sediment samples were collected at five sampling stations along the River estuary. The concentrations of OCPs were in the range of 0.99–14.5 ng/g-dry weight (dw) for ΣHCH (-, β-, γ-, δ-HCH), 0.46–13.4 ng/g-dw for Σcyclodiene and 0.53–11.4 ng/g-dw for ΣDDT (p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDT). The mean concentrations of ΣHCH, Σcyclodiene and ΣDDT were 3.79, 4.87 and 2.51 ng/g-dw, respectively. The total concentrations of OCPs correspond to 1.73–71.9 μg/g-OC when normalized to TOC contents. Among the organochlorine pesticides, endosulfan sulfate, β-HCH, and p,p′-DDD were the most dominant compounds in the sediments with the average concentrations of 1.97, 3.43 and 2.08 ng/g, respectively. Also, different contamination patterns among sampling seasons were observed. The measured concentrations of OCPs collected in spring were higher than those in autumn and winter. A linear relationship between sediment characteristics and OCP residues was also demonstrated. The results obtained in this study show that there still exist a variety of organochlorine pesticide residues in the sediments from the near shore of central Taiwan. 相似文献
15.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in harbor sediments from Sea Lots, Port-of-Spain, Trinidad and Tobago 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammed A Peterman P Echols K Feltz K Tegerdine G Manoo A Maraj D Agard J Orazio C 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(6):1324-1332
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in nearshore marine surficial sediments from three locations in Trinidad. Sediments were sampled at Sea Lots on the west coast, in south Port-of-Spain Harbor, south of Sea Lots at Caroni Lagoon National Park, and on Trinidad’s east coast at Manzanilla. Total PCB concentrations in Sea Lots sediments ranged from 62 to 601 ng/g (dry weight {dw}), which was higher than at Caroni and Manzanilla, 13 and 8 ng/g dw, respectively. Total OCP concentrations at Sea Lots were ranged from 44.5 to 145 ng/g dw, compared with 13.1 and 23.8 n/g (dw), for Caroni and Manzanilla respectively. The concentrations of PCBs and of some OCPs in sediments from Sea Lots were above the Canadian interim sediment quality guidelines. To date, this data is the first report on the levels of PCBs and other organochlorine compounds from Trinidad and Tobago. 相似文献
16.
Spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides in sediments from Daya Bay, South China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The spatial and vertical distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) has been investigated in Daya Bay, China. The concentration of total OCPs in surface sediment range from 16.66 to 44.04ng/g dry weight with a mean concentration of 26.60ng/g. DDTs and HCHs were the predominant species. The ratios of (DDD+DDE)/DDT reflected a cocktail input pattern of fresh and weathered DDTs. The predominant alpha-HCH and the alpha/beta-HCH ratios indicated that the technical HCH contamination was mainly due to historical usage, although there was fresh input of lindane. The variation profiles of concentrations showed that OCPs were extensively applied between the late 1950s and early 1980s in China. A recent increasing trend in concentrations of DDTs and HCHs was found in both cores. The increasing ratios of (DDE+DDD)/DDT with corresponding decreases of DDE/DDT ratio implied that most of the DDTs deposited after their production ban were more likely "weathered" DDTs derived from soil residues. 相似文献
17.
Eighteen surface sediment samples representative of the entire Izmir Bay were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This was in order to provide extensive information concerning the recent deposition of these compounds in this area, together with levels, distribution, possible sources and potential biological risk. Sites that were contaminated by high concentrations of organochlorine compounds were associated with dense population, such as the harbour and the Gediz River estuary. Relatively higher ΣDDT concentrations and high DDT/DDE + DDD ratios in the Gediz River estuary indicated DDT usage, probably linked to public health emergencies. According to the established guidelines for sediment quality, the risk of adverse biological effects from such levels of OCPs and PCBs as recorded at most of the study sites was insignificant. But the higher concentrations in Inner bay and in the Gediz River estuary could cause biological damage. 相似文献
18.
Forty-two surface sediment samples collected from the southern coastal East China Sea (ECS) were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). The results showed high concentrations of DDTs and parent DDT fractions in the nearshore area, suggesting that there is still a fresh input of these species from non-point sources, probably due to the recent usage of relevant products. However, for HCHs, the high concentrations with elevated β-HCH fraction were focused at the local major river estuaries, indicating that soils-released HCH input was mainly from the major river runoffs. The distribution and composition of OCPs in the coastal ECS could be more prominently controlled by the direct regional inputs rather than the general natural sorption process on particulate organic carbon. DDTs and chlordane are more important for their potential ecotoxicological risk on neighboring benthic community in the nearshore region and the local major river estuaries. 相似文献