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太湖水动力学三维数值试验研究——4.保守物质输移扩散 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
物质输移扩散规律是大型浅水湖泊水质变化机理研究的重要内容，对湖泊水环境的管理具有重要的现实意义，本文在太湖湖流三维模型研究成果的基础上，创建了太湖保守物质输移扩散三维数值模型，并用之模拟了1997年冬季1～2月太湖总磷含量的变化，计算结果表明，模型计算值与观测值吻合，本文所建的保守物质输移扩散模型，可用于冬季太湖营养盐含量时空变化的计算。 相似文献
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利用太湖区域的大气边界层三维数值模式和三维水动力学数值模式。采用气－水耦合方法，对太湖的风生流特征进行了深入研究。结果表明，太湖区域大气边界层风场具有明显的时空变化特征，与均匀定常风作用下的太湖流场相比，大气－水耦合模式下太湖流场变化较大，形成稳定湖流场所需的时间也较长。三维模式计算出的流速值明显比二维模式大（表层约大一倍，整层平均约大５０％），且与实际观测值符合较好。故即使对于橡太湖这样的浅水湖 相似文献
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太湖是流域洪水集散地、水资源调配中心,也是长三角水生态环境的晴雨表,其水位高低影响防洪、供水、水生态、水环境等系统功能,使得太湖面临统筹调度问题日益凸显。本文以太湖为主要研究对象,基于多年实测数据,采用数理统计、河网水动力模型计算,分析流域降雨、进出湖水量和水生态环境演变规律及其与太湖水位的互馈关系,综合考虑不同调度期流域防洪、供水、水生态、水环境目标及其承受风险的时空差异性,优化太湖调度水位,并在此基础上提出太湖调度功能区划图。结果表明,在设计洪水和供水条件下,通过调度水位调整,统筹调控流域水工程,前期预降太湖水位,后期适抬太湖水位,实现太湖多目标调度,可有效保障流域防洪、供水和航运安全,改善河湖生态环境,共绘美丽太湖。 相似文献
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大气-水耦合模式下三维太湖湖流场研究 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
利用太湖区域的大气边界层三维数值模式和三维水动力学数值模式,采用气-水耦合方法,对太湖的风生流特征进行了深入研究。结果表明,太湖区域大气边界层风场具有明显的时空变化特征,与均匀定常风作用下的太湖流场相比,大气-水耦合模式下太湖流场变化较大,形成稳定湖流场所需的时间也较长。三维模式计算出的流速值明显比二维模式大(表层约大一倍,整层平均约大50％),且与实际观测值符合较好。故即使对于像太湖这样的浅水湖泊,三维水动力学模式的应用仍然是很必要的。模拟结果中还发现湖流的上下流矢有时出现非常大的切变,甚至达到了180°。由于浅水湖中仍存在两个边界层(水-气和水-土),故浅水湖中存在流矢的巨大切变是可能的。 相似文献
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太湖风生流的三维数值模拟 总被引：16，自引：14，他引：16
建立了太湖三维风生流数值模型,并用差分法求解;垂直方向上采用了坐标变换技术,把任一节点的水深转换成无量纲水深,从而有效地消除了因风力作用造成的自由水面波动和湖底不规则的影响;水平面上采用锯齿网格处理,对于四周以闭边界为主的湖泊水域,显得比较合理。计算结果表明,湖泊风生流沿垂直、水平方向都有较大变化,流向上下、水平也并不一致,这是湖泊水流区别于其它水域水流之所在。计算模拟显示所建模型的有效性和可操作性。 相似文献
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水动力条件下太湖透明度模拟研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
根据太湖实测资料分析得到了太湖悬浮物浓度和透明度之间呈现明显的反比关系, 归纳总结了以往研究成果中建立的太湖透明度与悬浮物浓度之间的关系, 说明可以通过模拟太湖悬浮物来反映太湖透明度的变化规律. 实测资料表明, 不同水深处的悬浮物浓度与风速的变化趋势大致相近, 风速越大, 悬浮物浓度越大. 太湖波浪、湖流与悬浮物浓度均呈现正相关关系, 悬浮物浓度随着波浪和湖流的增大而增大, 但波浪是影响底泥再悬浮的主要因素, 流速次之. 建立了太湖湖流、波浪和悬浮物耦合的数学模型, 在悬浮物模型中考虑了波浪和湖流的综合影响. 并将床面层附近底泥的起悬量和沉降量分开处理, 考虑了近底水流中湍流脉动的随机特性, 引入了底泥起悬条件. 模型清楚地反映出了悬浮物中的底泥颗粒与床面层内运动底泥及床面活动底泥发生相互交换过程中的两个方面. 模拟结果表明太湖悬浮物沿岸区域受湖流的影响较大, 湖心区域受波浪影响较大. 利用该模型, 模拟了太湖悬浮物和透明度的变化规律, 模拟结果被实测值较好验证, 说明所建立的模型是基本合理的, 可用来进行太湖透明度的模拟和预测. 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后，可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流，则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4. 相似文献
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As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
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Poise 相似文献
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On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors. 相似文献
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地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献