共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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利用板块构造、活断层分布、地壳运动这三个方面的最新资料将台湾地区划分为东、西两个地震区和六个地震带。对各地震带11a来的地震目录计算了广义维数Dq和多标度分形谱f(α)，然后绘制成Dq—q曲线和多标度分形谱f(α)—α以及分维时程曲线。综合分析后发现：(1)地震活动的时间结构是多分形而非单一分形结构；(2)台湾地区在大震前后的1～2a内，大震所在的地震带内地震时间结构的Dq—q曲线和多标度分形谱f(α)—α大都出现异常形态；(3)功时程曲线分析可以为强震的时间预报提供有效的客观依据。 相似文献
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昌马断裂带的分维几何学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1.前言美国地震学者P.G.Okubo等人(1987)在帕克菲尔德—索尔顿湖长达近千公里的圣安德烈斯断裂带上,分六段对该断裂进行了分维解析,发现该断层具明显的分维结构,计算出六段的分维数为:1.12～1.43。研究结果表明,较大的分维数D值与断裂带上断层几何形态复杂的地段相对应,同时这些地段又是历史强震区。在国内,断层分维几何学研究也 相似文献
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离散点集（地震）空间分布多重分形计算的精度估算 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
地震是一种非线性现象,因而很多人计算地震分布的分形维数,但具体各种计算方法的误差（或精度）是多少,还没有定量的估计。鉴于地震空间分布具有有限、离散、点集的特点,用双标度Contor 多分形集理论模型数值模拟来估算其精度（误差）,并判定各种方法的优劣。理论模型数值模拟得出如下结论:① 随着样本容量的增大,计算精度会提高;② 固定半径法（RAD） 计算误差偏大,固定质量法（MAS）和最小生成树法（MST）较好;③ 当样本容量达到约200时,MAS法和MST 法计算误差大体可稳定在0.05的范围内。 相似文献
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目前用于结构抗震设计的反应谱仅能反映峰值反应,无法体现反应值随时间的变化。文中提出一种弹性能量半径演化谱,可反映线性单自由度体系弹性能量(即动能与弹性势能之和)随地震持时的变化,且其峰值近似等于结构峰值位移。文中给出了利用地震动演化功率谱得到该演化谱的方法并进一步发展了一种计算线性多自由度体系地震位移反应的新方法。通过两座框架结构的地震反应计算,将新方法与传统振型组合法及时程分析法的计算结果进行对比,发现对于振型稀疏结构,新方法计算结果与SRSS法接近;而对于振型密集结构,新方法计算结果较CQC法更精确,且避免了CQC法相关系数的复杂计算。 相似文献
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本文提出形成地震序列的多分形断层模型并利用分形分维理论讨论该模型及其序列。给出本模型的震级—频度关系、余震序列中强余震预报公式和多分维D_q—q关系式,探讨了利用多分维预报地震的有效性。 相似文献
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本文简述了分形和分维在地震学中应用的主要方面,从地震现象的自组织过程和尺度不变性。分析了实验室岩石破裂试验与实际地震观测之间的异同,对地震发生的自组织临界模式(SOC)作了简要的介绍。文中后一部份概述了复杂现象的多分形(Multifractals)和广义分维Dq的基本概念,以及计算Dq的方法,并给出了广义分维应用于地震活动研究的例子,指出Dq(q<0)随q变化的形态特征,在地震前兆信息的提取中可能有重要意义。 相似文献
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本文运用分维的概念和方法,对我国部分强震前地震活动时间分维,前震震群活动时间分维,7级以上大地震的余震活动时间分维和小震群活动时间分维进行了计算。初步结果表明,同一类型的地震活动(如强震前较大时空范围内地震活动、强震的余震、前震震群、小震群等类型)的时间分维十分相近,而不同类型地震活动的时间分维存在着差异,一般说来,强震前的地震活动比较普遍地存在降维现象,表现出临近强震时,震源及附近地区地震活动时间结构的有序性增强。这为地震预报开辟了一个新的途径。 相似文献
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分析了近２０年来中国大陆强震（Ｍ≥７．０）和华北地区中强地震前广义前震序列时间和空间分布的多分形特征，计算其广义分维谱Ｄｑ和标度指数谱Ｆ（α），并探讨了它们随时间的变化．结果表明：（１）对广义前震活动，在所研究地区的时、空分布，均呈现多分形结构；（２）大地震发生前半年至一年，地震活动时、空分布的高次分维Ｄ∞呈下降趋势．这种降维特征，亦在实验室含水大样本岩石破坏前，声发射序列Ｄ∞的变化中观测到；（３）与中强地震相比，大地震孕育区地震活动的空间高次分维偏低，表明地壳应力分布的高度不均匀性，是板内大地震孕育环境中的本质因素之一． 相似文献
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首都圈地区地震视应力的计算及空间分布 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
本文计算了首都圈地区2003年9月到2007年12月117个ML>2.5地震的视应力, 计算视应力的两个参数地震矩(M0)和地震辐射能量(Es)都是通过分析地震波形得到。 首先用多重窗FFT获得观测谱, 在扣除仪器响应后对其进行几何扩散和非弹性衰减校正。 几何扩散使用Gail提出的三分段几何模型, 非弹性衰减用随频率变化的Q值来表征。 之后通过遗传算法找到一组Brune圆盘模型下的低频水平(Ω0)和拐角频率(fc), 使得它们的理论震源谱和校正过的观测谱残差最小。 通过Ω0可以得到M0, 通过对校正过的观测谱求积分再加上有限仪器响应带宽补偿可以得到Es, 最后就能通过M0和Es获得视应力。 计算结果与先前的一些研究比较符合: 视应力随地震矩不存在系统变化; fc随着M0变化和定标率M0∝f-3c符合较好; M0和ML的关系与定标率lg(M0)=1.20ML+10.0符合较好。 最后给出了视应力的空间分布, 结果显示视应力在邢台、 唐山和晋冀蒙交界处的空间分布有不同的特征。 还显示在2006年7月发生M5.1地震的文安北东方向有一个较大的视应力值, 唐山地区视应力从南西到北东方向大体是增加的。 相似文献
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Seismicity pattern of the Betic Cordillera(southern Spain) derived from the fractal properties of earthquakes and faults 
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下载免费PDF全文 Several studies on earthquake occurrence and associated faulting have demonstrated that both phenomena have a scale-invariant behavior which can be analyzed by means of a set of non-integer dimensions(Dq) describing their fractal properties and the calculation of multi-fractal spectra.It is the case that the behavior of these spectra is asymptotic at the ends of the variation interval of q,which is a real number that enters into the definition of the partition function of the dataset.The difference between the extreme values,called multi-fractal spectrum slope,is used to investigate the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of earthquakes and fault systems.In this paper we focus on the Betic Cordillera,southeastern Spain,which is commonly considered the contact between the Eurasian and African plates and has an important seismic activity in the context of the Iberian Peninsula.Some of the most conspicuous Iberian earthquakes,such as the 1829 mb6.3 Torrevieja and the 1884 mb6.1 Alhama de Granada earthquakes occurred in this mountain range and both reached intensity X.The present work implies a new analysis based on the slope of multi-fractal spectra and referred to the historical seismicity of the region,specifically b-value(frequency distribution of earthquakes respect to magnitude),epicentral location,seismic energy and faulting.On this basis we propose a seismotectonic zonation that is contrasted with the stress state and the geodynamical evolution of the Betic Cordillera. 相似文献
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We present the frequency-dependent attenuation model for Fourier amplitude spectra of strong earthquake ground motion in Serbia from intermediate depth earthquakes in the Vrancea source zone in Romania. The development of this type of scaling is the essential first step toward developing the corresponding attenuation and scaling equations for pseudo relative velocity spectra (PSV), which are necessary for seismic macro- and microzoning in the territory of Serbia. Such scaling is necessary because the Vrancea source zone produces large earthquakes with shaking that attenuates differently from the local earthquakes in Serbia. Development of such a scaling model is associated with several difficulties, the principal one being the lack of recorded strong motion accelerograms at epicentral distances exceeding 300 km. To reduce uncertainties with such scaling, we require our preliminary scaling equations to be consistent with independent estimates of seismic moment, stress drop, and radiated wave energy. In the future, when the recorded strong motion data from Vrancea earthquakes increases several-fold of what it is today, it will become possible to perform this analysis again, thus leading to more reliable and permanent scaling estimates. 相似文献
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BELLIE SIVAKUMAR 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(5):727-738
Abstract The importance of high-resolution rainfall data to understand the intricacies of the dynamics of hydrological processes and describe them in a sophisticated and accurate way has been increasingly realized. The present study investigates the general suitability of fractal (or scaling) theory for understanding the rainfall behaviour and transforming rainfall data from one time scale to another. The study, employing a multi-fractal approach, follows the research undertaken earlier by the author (Sivakumar, 2000) employing a mono-fractal approach in which some preliminary indication as to the possibility of existence of (multi-) fractals was obtained. Rainfall data of three different resolutions, six-hourly, daily, and weekly, observed over a period of 25 years in two different climatic regions: a subtropical climatic region (Leaf River basin, Mississippi, USA); and an equatorial climatic region (Singapore) are analysed. The existence of multi-fractal behaviour in the rainfall data is investigated using (a) the power spectrum method; (b) the empirical probability distribution function (PDF) method; (c) the statistical moment scaling method; and (d) the probability distribution multiple scaling (PDMS) method. The results achieved from all these methods for the six different rainfall data sets considered indicate the existence of multi-fractal behaviour of rainfall observed in Leaf River basin and Singapore, providing further support to the results obtained using the mono-fractal approach (Sivakumar, 2000). The suitability of a multi-fractal framework to characterize the behaviour of rainfall observed in the above two significantly different climatic regions, subtropical and equatorial, seems to suggest the general suitability of the fractal theory for transforming rainfall from one time scale to another. Investigations with rainfall data from several other climatic regions are underway with a view to strengthening the above conclusions. 相似文献
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Linear and especially non-linear analyses of spatially extended structures, such as pipelines and bridges, often requires specification of time histories of ground motion at an array of closely spaced points. As the number of dense accelerograph arrays worldwide is small, and the number of earthquake observations is limited, synthetic motions with desired characteristics become necessary. This paper presents a method for synthesizing such motions, which is an extension of the SYNACC method, developed first in the early 1970s for synthetic accelerations, velocities and displacements at a point, and later extended to synthetic near surface strains, rotations and curvatures of ground motion at a point. It consists of unfolding in time a site specific Fourier amplitude spectrum of ground acceleration, obtained by an empirical scaling model, by representing the ground motion as a superposition of traveling wavelets of Love and Rayleigh waves and body waves, which propagate with phase and group velocities consistent with the dispersion characteristic of the site geology, approximated by parallel layers. Uniform hazard Fourier spectra or any specified target Fourier spectrum can also be used. Derivations of the point strains, rotations and curvatures are also presented. The method is illustrated for scenario M6.5 and M7.5 earthquakes and three dispersion models. 相似文献
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使用二维矩形破裂模式,导出了大小不同地震的震源位移谱的表达式.位移谱有三个拐角频率fc1,fc2,fc3.fc1和fc2分别联系着长度方向和宽度方向的破裂时间,fc3联系着震源函数的上升时间.根据三个拐角频率,可以把位移谱u（）分成四个区域,在Ⅰ区,fc1,u（）=u（0）f0;在Ⅱ区,fc1c2,u（）1/f;在Ⅲ区,fc2c3,u（）1/f2;在Ⅵ区,f >fc3,u（）1/f3.由于在四个区域u（）随频率的增加下降的速度不一样,决定了震源参数在不同的震级范围内（也就是不同地震矩范围）有不同的表达式.假定地震满足几何相似、应力环境相似以及动力学相似条件,因而地震矩M0,长度和宽度方向的破裂时间、上升时间都可以用断层长度L来定标。根据Dziewonski and Woodhouse给出的1981——1983年800多个地震的地震矩M0资料,以及BISC给出的面波震级Ms、体波震级mb,来确定定标律中的常数.这样就可以从定标律推导出震源参数之间的统计关系. 相似文献
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Malcolm G. McLeod 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》1983,31(1):10-26
The statistical concept of the power spectrum has proven to be of great value in the analysis of time series and linear systems for which the inputs and outputs are functions of time. This paper shows how the concept can be extended to two-dimensional spatial power spectra and illustrates, by example, how the concept can be applied to the determination of optimal data processing methods for satellite-derived magnetic anomaly data and to the planning of missions to obtain such data.The analysis techniques indicated are applied to a data set and data processing procedure described by Mayhew et al. (1980). These authors describe magnetic anomaly data for Australia and surrounding ocean obtained by the polar orbit POGO series satellites. This paper shows that the data processing method used by these authors is approximately equivalent to an invariant two-dimensional linear filter and that it is reasonably close to optimal with respect to accuracy, though some possible improvements are suggested. Nevertheless, as is usual when filtering data, some real “signal” is unavoidably removed along with the “noise”, resulting in errors that can be quite large.A method for reducing these errors by using additional data from a medium inclination orbit satellite (for example, 60° inclination) is suggested. 相似文献
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针对我国西部黄土公路下伏大量地质缺陷（灾害）及其对公路交通建设和运营的危害性，将多分量地震勘探技术引入浅层黄土公路工程勘探中.根据黄土公路地质缺陷独特的复杂性，重点对黄土地区浅层双分量地震勘探技术的数值模拟与观测系统优化设计、高品质地震资料采集试验做了深入研究，并在已知暗穴和危及公路的地裂缝发育区开展了双分量地震探测.实际探测结果表明：多分量地震勘探技术能分辨出规模大于1 m，埋深小于30 m的黄土公路地质缺陷. 相似文献