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1.
天山—帕米尔结合带的地壳速度结构及地震活动研究   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:10       下载免费PDF全文
利用流动地震台阵记录的地震数据,通过地震层析技术反演了天山—帕米尔结合带的P波速度结构,揭示出地壳结构的非均匀特征及其与地震活动的对应关系. 分析结果表明,天山和西昆仑的双向挤压导致塔里木西部边缘地壳严重变形,在山前地区形成基底隆起带,地壳深部则被断裂分割成为若干块体,有的块体可能卷入造山带内部;喀什坳陷地壳深部结构相对完整,变形程度较弱;天山和西昆仑的地壳结构显示出缩短增厚的波速特性,在与塔里木接壤的局部地区,壳幔边界附近存在热物质的侵入迹象. 大部分地震都发生在塔里木西部边缘的壳内高速块体周围,推测块体之间的相互作用和应力调整是导致天山—帕米尔结合带频繁发生地震的主要原因,伽师地震则与构造变形由天山向塔里木内部扩展以及该地区的地壳非均匀结构有关.  相似文献   

2.
南天山及塔里木北缘构造带西段地震构造研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
田勤俭  丁国瑜  郝平 《地震地质》2006,28(2):213-223
南天山及塔里木北缘构造带位于帕米尔地区东北侧,地震活动强烈。文中通过地质构造剖面、深部探测资料和地震震源机制解资料,综合研究了该区的地震构造模型。结果认为,该区的构造活动主要表现为天山地块逆冲于塔里木地块之上。天山构造系统包括迈丹断裂及其前缘推覆构造;塔里木构造系统包括深部的塔里木北缘断裂、基底共轭断层和浅部的推覆构造。塔里木北缘断裂是发育于塔里木地壳内部的高角度断裂,其形成原因在于塔里木和天山构造变形方向的差异。塔里木北缘断裂为研究区大地震的主要发震构造,天山推覆构造和塔里木基底断裂系统均具有不同性质的中强地震发震能力  相似文献   

3.
中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地震层析成像   总被引:41,自引:6,他引:35  
根据新疆、甘肃、青海和吉尔吉斯斯坦地震台网提供的地震数据,利用地震层析成像法重建了中国大陆西北造山带及其毗邻盆地的地壳上地幔三维速度图像.上地壳造山带大都为高速区,盆地和地陷区的低速显然与较厚的松散沉积层有关.地壳中部东、西天山之间存在低速边界,造山带及青藏高原北部的莫霍面深度较大,盆地和坳陷区的莫霍面相对较浅.上地幔软流层在青藏高原、阿尔泰山、祁连山等地较浅,在塔里木盆地和天山一带较深.地幔热物质有可能在板块碰撞中沿构造边界上升到造山带的底部,它们的动力学性质与中国大陆西北造山带的形成演化有着密切的联系。  相似文献   

4.
中国西部地区是地震活动十分强烈的地区,天山、阿尔泰、帕米尔和西昆仑都是著名的地震构造带,在这些地震构造带和周边地区发生了多次震级大于5级的强震.本文通过分析西部地区的重力场特征,根据重力数据结合地震剖面、应用Parker-Oldenburg方法反演得到了研究区莫霍面深度,通过对比地震层析成像的反演结果,分析了研究区的地壳结构特征.计算结果表明,研究区地壳结构不均匀特征明显,在造山带地区一般是莫霍面坳陷区,盆地则是莫霍面隆起区,主要造山带地壳速度结构表现为高速区,盆地和主要凹陷区为低速区.根据计算结果和以往强震震中位置分析了地壳构造与强震活动的相关性,西部地区的地震活动与地壳结构的横向不均匀密切相关,强震主要发生在地壳速度变化带附近和地壳速度结构差异较大的地区,在构造应力作用下,这些地壳介质非均匀地区易发生强震,这是中国西部造山带和盆-山边界附近频发强震的构造原因之一.  相似文献   

5.
分析中亚—中东地震危险性模型和中国模型在南天山—帕米尔地区的地震危险性模型特点,重新划分面源潜在震源区,重新确定新潜源的地震活动性参数。使用南天山—帕米尔地区的断层资料建立了断层震源模型,并计算断层震源的地震活动性参数。将面源和断层源结合,使用协调后的模型计算该地区的地震危险性。研究表明,使用断层源模型后,帕米尔高原几条主要断裂附近的地震危险性有所降低,喜马拉雅地震带、南天山北坡和中亚地区的地震危险性有所升高。  相似文献   

6.
南天山及帕米尔高原现代地壳水平形变   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
通过对南天山及帕米尔高原GPS监测网的观测,获得了该地区的现今地壳形变速率图、基线变化图、应变图及主要地质构造带的断裂位移。结果表明,南天山及帕米尔地区地壳运动幅度较大,受印度板块的推挤作用,地壳正快速缩短变形,并且该区域的地壳形变具有自西向东、自南向北减弱的特点。另外,南天山地震断裂带以每年5~10mm的速度吸收来自帕米尔高原向北推挤的运动速率。通过研究还发现,喀什以西地区是强剪应力汇集的地区,地壳活动极其复杂、强烈。  相似文献   

7.
帕米尔东北侧地壳物性结构及其发震环境探讨   总被引:7,自引:2,他引:7       下载免费PDF全文
通过对帕米尔东北侧伽师及其周边地区两条深地震测深剖面S波资料的处理计算,结合P波研究结果,得到了S波二维地壳速度结构和波速比(vP/vS)分布.研究表明:① 塔里木块体平均地壳波速比明显高于西昆仑和天山褶皱带,显示了坚硬、稳定地壳物性特征.下地壳正常偏低的波速比(泊松比)值,说明塔里木块体的下插是该地区地壳运动的主要特征;② 天山褶皱带上地壳岩层相对较软,易于在应力作用下断裂破碎和应力能量释放,是其小震密集分布的重要构造因素;③ 伽师附近正处在下地壳C界面和壳幔边界的上隆顶部或拐点上,是强震群发生的深部构造背景.上地壳中下部的块体边界附近波速比值的交错变化和接触面复杂形态的存在,形成了伽师强震群出现的特殊构造环境.震源处波速比相对较高,剪切模量较小,可能是伽师强震群应力降偏低的主要原因.   相似文献   

8.
中国境内天山地壳上地幔结构的地震层析成像   总被引:18,自引:5,他引:18       下载免费PDF全文
根据横跨中国境内天山的库车—奎屯宽频带流动地震台阵和区域地震台网记录的近震和远震P波走时数据,利用地震层析成像方法重建了沿该地震台阵剖面下方400 km深度范围内地壳上地幔的P波速度结构.结果表明:沿新疆库车—奎屯剖面,天山地壳具有明显的横向分块结构,且南、北天山地壳显示了较为强烈的横向变形特征,表明塔里木地块对天山地壳具有强烈的侧向挤压作用;在塔里木和准噶尔地块上地幔顶部有厚度约60~90 km的高速异常体,塔里木—南天山下方的高速异常体产生了较为明显的弯曲变形,而准噶尔—北天山下方的高速异常体向南一直俯冲到中天山南侧边界下方300 km的深度,两者形成了不对称对冲构造;在塔里木和准噶尔地块下方150~400 km深度存在上地幔低速体,其中塔里木地块一侧的上地幔低速物质上涌到南天山地块的下方;在塔里木—南天山200~300 km深度范围的上地幔存在高速异常体,它可能是地幔热物质向上迁移过程融断的塔里木岩石圈的拆离体. 上述结果表明,塔里木地块的俯冲可能涉及整个岩石圈深度,但其前缘仅限于南天山的北缘;青藏高原隆升的远程效应可能不但驱动塔里木岩石圈向北俯冲,同时还造成天山造山带南侧上地幔物质的涌入;天山造山带上地幔广泛存在的低速异常有助于其上地幔的变形,而上地幔物质的强烈非均匀性应有助于推动天山造山带上地幔小尺度地幔对流的形成;根据研究区地壳上地幔速度结构特征推断,新近纪以来天山快速隆升的主要力源来自青藏高原快速隆升的远程效应,相对软弱的上地幔为加速天山造山带的变形和隆升创造了必要条件.  相似文献   

9.
松潘-甘孜造山带地壳速度结构   总被引:64,自引:7,他引:64       下载免费PDF全文
位于川西地区的奔子栏——唐克深地震测深剖面以NNE走向穿越松潘——甘孜造山带.根据人工地震记录分析得到的震相走时和相关的振幅信息,确定了该剖面二维P波地壳速度结构.剖面的地壳结构可分为5层,其中第1,2,3层为上地壳;第4,5层为下地壳.上地壳中部普遍存在低速异常带,但龙日坝以北,这一低速带与其上覆的低速基底合为一体.同时,沿剖面的地壳速度结构具有较强的横向变化.据此,可将剖面分为4段,即甘孜——理塘断裂以南、甘孜——理塘断裂至鲜水河断裂、鲜水河断裂至龙日坝断裂和龙日坝断裂以北. 这与区域构造划分基本一致. 地壳厚度沿测线从南西向北东逐渐减薄,即从金沙江畔的62 km减小到黄河附近的52 km. 根据PmP震相分析,莫霍界面深度在鲜水河断裂两侧没有明显变化.全剖面的地壳平均速度较低,为6.30 km/s.奔子栏——唐克剖面揭示了该地区的造山带型地壳上地幔结构特征.鲜水河断裂带位于剖面的中部,该地区的上地壳速度为正异常,而下地壳和上地幔顶部存在负异常.笔者认为,这是一类有利于强震孕育和发生的深部构造环境.   相似文献   

10.
新疆库车-克拉玛依地震层析成像   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
利用在同地区直接布设的观测台站,进行六个月连续观测所取得的地震数据,挑选清晰远震的P波到的数据,采用ACH层析成像方法绘出了天山地区地壳和上地幔的三维速度图象,反演结果表明:天山南侧是塔里木地块高密度岩层产生的向北俯冲的高速体,天山北侧,准噶尔盆地内是产状较陡向南俯冲的高速体,天山主体就夹在两个俯冲带之间,形成一个不等边三角形的低速区,地壳范围是高速体和低速体的相间排列,与地表看到的地块的划分基本一致。在200~300km的深度中,存在较大面积的低速体,低密度的热物质主要来源于幔,随着天山地区的强烈挤压与隆升,存在较大面积的低速体,低密度的热物质主要来源于地幔,随着天山地区的强烈挤压与隆升,深部热物质则向上迁移、渗透,甚至沿着断裂带达到上部地壳和地表。  相似文献   

11.
The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone from geological profiles, deep crust seismic detection and earthquake focal mechanisms data. Based on the synthesized geological features, deep crust structure, and earthquake focal mechanisms, we think that the main regional tectonic feature is that the Tianshan tecto-lithostratigraphic unit overthrusts on the Tarim block. The Tianshan tectonic system includes the Maidan fault and thrust sheets in front of the fault; The Tarim tectonic system includes the underground northern Tarim margin fault, conjugate faults in basement and overthrust fault in shallow. The northern Tarim margin fault is a high angle fault deep in the Tarim crust, adjusting different trending deformation between Tianshan and Tarim. It is a major active fault that can generate large earthquakes. The other faults, such as the Tianshan overthrust system and the Tarim basement faults in this area may generate moderately strong earthquakes with different styles.  相似文献   

12.
2-D crustal structure and velocity ratio are obtained by processing S-wave data from two wide-angle reflec-tion/refraction profiles in and around Jiashi in northeastern Pamir,with the result of P-wave data taken into con-sideration.The result shows that:1)Average crustal velocity ratio is obviously higher in Tarim block than in West Kunlun Mts.and Tianshan fold zone,which reflects its crustal physical property of “hardness“and stability.The relatively low but normal velocity ratio(Poisson‘s ratio)of the lower crust indicates that the “downward thrusting“ of Tarim basin is the main feature of crustal movement in this area.2)The rock layer in the upper crust of Tian-shan fold zone is relatively“soft“,which makes it prone to rupture and stress energy release.This is the primary tectonic factor for the concentration of small earthquakes in this area.3)Jiashi is located right over the apex or the inflection point of the updoming lower crustal interface C and the crust-mantle boundary,which is the deep struc-tural background for the occurrence of strong earthquakes.The alternate variation of vp/vs near the block bounda-ries and the complicated configuration of the interfaces in the upper and middle part of the upper crust form a par-ticular structural environment for the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.vp/vs is comparatively high and shear modulus is low at the focal region,which may be the main reason for the low stress drop of the Jiashi strong earthquake swarm.  相似文献   

13.
伽师震区位于天山褶皱、帕米尔构造弧与塔里木块体三个构造单元的交接地带,近年来该区发生了一系列的强震活动.为进一步获得该震区详细的地壳速度结构,本文利用人工爆破和天然地震资料联合反演的方法,对1997年新疆伽师震区布设的三维人工地震透射台阵和流动地震台网的资料进行处理,重建了台阵下方上地壳三维速度扰动图像,并结合地震活动分布,对伽师强震群的地震成因作出进一步分析.结果表明研究区上地壳速度结构在纵向和横向上具有明显的非均匀性,随着深度的逐渐加深,震区下方以萨如锡为中心的低速异常体逐步被高速异常体所替代.自12 km深度开始,在与强震群震中相应的位置上,明显出现沿北北西向的高P波速度异常体,在其周围为相对低速分布,呈现出低速条带环绕高速条带的分布格局,VP/VS在相同的位置上也表现为高值分布.这种结构上的差异可能与伽师强震群发生有密切关系.16 km深度的P波速度层析图表明,伽师强震群发生在地壳相对高速扰动区内或是高速扰动向低速扰动过渡的边缘,壳内高速体的存在为强震的孕育和发生提供了重要基础.  相似文献   

14.
Three-dimensional velocity images of the crust and upper mantle beneath orogenic belts and adjacent basins of the northwestern continent of China are reconstructed by seismic tomography, based on arrival data of P wave recorded in seismic networks in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu of China and Kyrgyzstan. The velocity images of upper crust demonstrate the tectonic framework on the ground surface. High velocities are observed beneath orogenic belts, and low velocities are observed in the basins and depressions that are obviously related to unconsolidated sediments. The velocity image in mid-crust maintains the above features, and in addition low velocities appear in some earthquake regions and a low velocity boundary separates the western Tianshan Mts. from eastern Tianshan Mts. The orogenic belts and the northern Tibetan plateau have a Moho depth over 50 km, whereas the depths of the Moho in basins and depressions are smaller than 50 km. The velocity images of upper mantle clearly reveal the colliding relationship and location of deep boundaries of the continental blocks in northwestern China, indicating a weakness of the upper mantle structure of orogenic belts. The top depth of upper mantle asthenosphere varies from place to place. It seems shallower under the northern Tibetan plateau, Altay and Qilian Mts., and deeper under the Tarim and Tianshan regions. Hot mantle probably rose to the bottom of some orogenic belts along tectonic boundaries when continental blocks collided to each other. Therefore their dynamic features are closely correlated to the formation and evolution of orogenic belts in northwestern China.  相似文献   

15.
芦山与汶川地震之间存在约40 km的地震空区.震源区和地震空区的深部构造背景的研究对深入了解中强地震的深部孕育环境及地震空区的地震活动性具有重要科学意义.利用本小组布设的15个临时观测地震台以及21个芦山科考台站和21个四川省地震局固定台站记录的远震数据,用H-K叠加方法得到各个台站的地壳厚度和平均泊松比,并构建了接收函数共转换点(CCP)偏移叠加图像以及反演得到台站下方的S波速度模型.我们的结果揭示了震源区和地震空区地壳结构特征差异:(1)汶川震源区的地壳平均泊松比为~0.28;芦山震源区为~0.29;而地震空区处于泊松比变化剧烈的区域;(2)汶川地震与芦山地震的震源区以西下方的Moho面呈现深度上的突变(这与前人的研究成果基本一致),分别从~44 km突变到~59 km,~40 km突变到~50 km,而地震空区地壳平均厚度呈现渐变性变化;(3)地震空区Moho面下凹且具有低速的上地壳.综合一维S波速度结构和H-k以及CCP的初步结果,这可能显示汶川地震的发震断裂在深部方向上向西倾斜并形成切割整个地壳的大型断裂;芦山地震则可能是由于上、下地壳解耦引起的;而地震空区处于两种地震形成机制控制区域的过渡带中.  相似文献   

16.
The middle part of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang is located in the north-central part of the Tianshan orogenic belt, between the rigid Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. It is one of the regions with frequent deformation and strong earthquake activities. In this paper, 492 MS>2.5 earthquake events recorded by Xinjiang seismograph network from 2009 to 2018 were collected. The MS3.5 earthquake was taken as the boundary, the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake events in this region were calculated by CAP method and FOCEMEC method respectively. At the same time the focal mechanism solutions of GCMT recorded historical earthquake events in this region were also collected. According to the global stress map classification standard, the moderate-strong earthquakes in the region are mainly dominated by thrust with a certain slip component, which are distributed near the combined belts of the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin and Yili Basin with Tianshan Mountains. The thrust component decreases from south to north, while the strike-slip component increases. The spatial distribution characteristics of the tectonic stress field in the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang are obtained by using the damped regional-scale stress field inversion method. The maximum principal compressive stress in axis the study area rotated in a fan shape from west to east, the NW direction in the western section gradually shifted to NE direction, its elevation angle is nearly horizontal, in the state of near horizontal compression. The minimum principal compressive stress axis is nearly EW, and the elevation angle is nearly vertical. Influenced by large fault zones such as Kashi River, Bolhinur, Nalati, Fukang, the southern margin of the Junggar and the north Beiluntai, the local regional stress field presents complex diversity. Under the influence of the northward extrusion of Pamir and Tarim blocks, the whole Tianshan is shortened by compression, but its shortening rate decreases from south to north and from west to east, the stress shape factor increases gradually from west to east, the intermediate principal compressive stress axis exhibits a change in compression to extension. There are some differences in the characteristics of tectonic stress field between the north and south of Tianshan Mountains. The regional maximum principal compressive stress axis is 15° north by east on the south side, while it is nearly NS on the north side. The deformation of the Tianshan Mountains and the two basins on both sides is obviously larger than that in the inside of the mountain. Changes in the crustal shortening rate caused by the rotation of the rigid Tarim block and Junggar block to the relatively soft Tianshan block, as well as the uplifts of Borokonu and Bogda Mountains, the comprehensive influence of the material westward expansion constitute the stress field distribution characteristics of the north and south sides of the middle section of Tianshan Mountains. The recent two MS6.6 earthquakes in the region caused the regional stress field to rotate counterclockwise. The post-earthquake stress field and the main source focal mechanism solution tend to be consistent. The seismic activity in the study area is week in the south and strong in the north. The focal depth is about 20km. Most strike-slip earthquakes occur near the junction belt of the Tianshan and Junggar Basin.  相似文献   

17.
文中收集了1999—2015年天山地震带及其周边地区的GNSS数据,计算得到了速度场结果,并利用弹性块体模型计算了研究区域内各块体的闭锁深度和主要断层的滑动速率。研究结果表明:南天山断裂带西段的迈丹断裂的缩短速率处于高值状态,达(-6.3±1.9) mm/a,高于南天山东段;北天山断裂带西段的缩短速率同样高于东段。利用主要断裂带的滑动速率计算出各地震带的地震矩积累变化及1900年以来的地震矩释放变化量,以分析地震矩亏损分布,结果显示北天山山前断裂、迈丹断裂、额尔齐斯断裂带北段和喀什河断裂西段存在较大的地震矩亏损,具有孕育7级以上地震的潜能,而北轮台断裂、柯坪断裂带中段则呈现地震矩盈余状态,在未来的一段时间内不具备发生强震的可能。  相似文献   

18.
2020年3月23日和7月13日,新疆天山中部地区分别发生拜城5.0级和霍城5.0级地震,其中拜城5.0级地震发生在南天山地震带中段,霍城5.0级地震发生在北天山地震带西段。系统总结2次地震前出现的地震活动和地球物理观测异常,结果表明:①拜城5.0级地震:震前主要存在5级地震成组和尼勒克钻孔应变中短期异常;②霍城5.0级地震:震前中短期异常比较丰富,存在3级以上地震带状分布、地震发生率指数、D值、调制比、b值异常,而地球物观测则以形变异常为主,主要出现在震中附近区域。综合分析认为:①拜城5.0级地震前地震活动异常较少,地球物理观测以趋势异常为主,短期指示意义不明确;②霍城5.0级地震前具有中短期预测意义的地震活动和地球物理异常较为丰富,为后续中强地震的发生提供了判定依据。  相似文献   

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