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1.
《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(6)
为研究得到带暗支撑的预制叠合板剪力墙合理的竖向连接方法,分别设计了1片带钢板暗支撑的局部高阻尼混凝土U型连接预制叠合剪力墙和1片带90°钢板暗支撑的局部高阻尼混凝土预制叠合剪力墙,并设计1片普通钢板暗支撑现浇剪力墙做对比,进行了拟静力试验研究,对比三个试件在受力作用下的承载能力、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、位移延性、刚度退化、耗能性能、裂缝发展情况以及破坏形态。研究结果表明:采用U型连接的带暗支撑预制叠合板剪力墙与现浇带暗支撑剪力墙的承载能力以及抗震性能基本相近,90°暗支撑的预制叠合板剪力墙在减少钢材用量的前提下也拥有足够的承载能力和良好的抗震性能。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(4)
在高阻尼混凝土带暗支撑剪力墙研究的基础上,本文尝试在塑性区用部分高阻尼混凝土代替全部由高阻尼混凝土浇筑的剪力墙。为了进一步提高阻尼混凝土剪力墙的延性,提出了用具有超高延性高阻尼ECC在塑性区部分浇筑的剪力墙结构。为了准确把握部分高阻尼带暗支撑剪力墙的抗震性能,本文设计并完成了1片部分高阻尼带钢筋暗支撑剪力墙及1片部分高阻尼ECC带钢筋暗支撑剪力墙的低周反复加载试验,得到了2片剪力墙在低周反复荷载作用下的破坏模式、承载力、滞回曲线和耗能能力等抗震性能指标。通过与普通高阻尼混凝土带暗支撑剪力墙试验结果的对比,论证了部分高阻尼带暗支撑剪力墙的可行性,并应用有限元分析软件ABAQUS进行了数值模拟。结果表明:与高阻尼混凝土带暗支撑剪力墙相比,部分高阻尼混凝土剪力墙的承载力、延性和耗能降低不大。与部分高阻尼混凝土带暗支撑剪力墙相比,即使在较高轴压比下,部分高阻尼ECC剪力墙的承载力、刚度和耗能能力也有大幅度的提高,抗震性能得到显著改善。 相似文献
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混合暗支撑高阻尼混凝土联肢剪力墙是一种新型延性双肢剪力墙,它将暗支撑引入双肢墙的两个墙肢,将内置带剪力钉钢板连梁作为剪力墙洞口连梁,墙身由高阻尼混凝土浇筑而成.本文对这种新型联肢剪力墙结构进行了低周反复加载实验与数值模拟,较系统地分析了该新型剪力墙结构的承载力、延性、耗能、破坏机制、破坏特征以及刚度衰减过程等性能.结果表明:与现有暗支撑混凝土联肢剪力墙相比,混合暗支撑高阻尼混凝土联肢剪力墙开裂强度、极限承载力、耗能能力及变形能力均有一定程度的提高,显示了良好的抗震性能;当剪力墙连梁跨高比越小,混合暗支撑高阻尼混凝土剪力墙的抗震性能越好. 相似文献
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提出了一种新型带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒,为了研究这种新型核心筒的抗震性能,对2个高宽比分别为1.33(HCW1)和1.77(HCW2)的核心筒试件进行了低周反复荷载试验,得到了核心筒的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化曲线等。试验结果表明,HCW1墙肢以斜裂缝为主,而HCW2水平裂缝居多。HCW2承载力及刚度较小,但是极限位移较HCW1有较大的提高且耗能能力增强。分析了翼缘墙肢的剪力滞后现象并与普通混凝土核心筒进行了对比,结果表明本文新型混凝土核心筒剪力滞后相对较小,整体空间作用更好,HCW2的剪力滞后较HCW1更小。利用有限元软件Open Sees模拟了2个试件的滞回曲线,并绘制骨架曲线,与试验结果吻合较好,在此基础上进行参数分析,研究不同高宽比核心筒屈服位移、延性系数等的变化趋势。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(6)
震害表明,高层建筑中轴压比较大的钢筋混凝土柱的变形能力较弱。为了提高大轴压比柱的变形能力,进而改善结构的抗震性能,采用钢管混凝土叠合柱是最有效的方法之一。本文首先通过截面分析,阐释了钢管混凝土叠合柱在高轴压比下提高柱子延性的机理。然后基于已有的钢管混凝土叠合柱试验,采用通用非线性有限元软件ABAQUS建立了钢管混凝土叠合柱的有限元模型。有限元分析结果与试验结果吻合良好,说明了有限元模型的合理性。在此基础上,分析了名义轴压比、套箍系数等参数对钢管混凝土叠合柱位移延性系数的影响,得到了影响外围钢筋混凝土与核心钢管混凝土之间轴力重分配和叠合柱延性的关键参数。通过回归分析,得到反映各关键参数影响的叠合柱位移延性系数的简化计算公式,在此基础上,计算得到了各抗震等级叠合柱位移延性系数的下限值,为叠合柱的延性估算和复核提供参考。 相似文献
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现有纤维增强复合材料（FRP）约束混凝土短柱的研究多基于小尺寸试件,对大尺寸试件的研究较少。聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维增强复合材料（PET FRP）和聚萘二甲酸乙二醇酯纤维增强复合材料（PEN FRP）是由回收废弃塑料制成的环保型高延性FRP。高延性FRP具有超过5%的断裂应变,超过传统FRP断裂应变（1.5～3%）。本研究对8个PET FRP约束混凝土圆柱（直径300、400 mm试件各4个）与8个PEN FRP约束混凝土方柱（边长300、400 mm试件各4个）进行轴压力学性能试验,研究构件截面形状、FRP层数等参数对试件轴压力学性能的影响。试验结果表明:高延性FRP约束混凝土柱应力-应变曲线由3个不同的部分组成;部分高延性FRP约束混凝土柱应力-应变曲线第2段出现了下降段,与约束刚度较小有关;相同尺寸的试件,随着高延性FRP层数（厚度）的增加,试件承载力提高,延性更好;对于PEN FRP约束混凝土方柱,在同一轴向变形、高度区域处,环向面应变较环向角应变大,且环向面应变的增加值大于角区域;采用现有高延性FRP约束混凝土柱模型,对约束圆形和方形混凝土柱轴压力学性能提供相对合理的预测。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(5)
内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙是由钢管混凝土边框、型钢混凝土叠合暗柱、墙肢内藏分块钢板、连梁内藏钢板、混凝土墙体、混凝土连梁等构件组成。对4个1∶5缩尺,剪跨比为1.68,轴压比为0.3的组合双肢剪力墙试件进行了低周反复荷载试验。研究不同内藏钢板布置形式、不同钢板用钢量对试件抗震性能的影响,考察了内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙的破坏形态、滞回特性、刚度、变形及耗能能力,分析了剪力墙各部件在水平荷载作用下的合理屈服破坏顺序。试验结果表明:4个试件均发生弯剪型破坏,内藏分块钢板双肢剪力墙相比于钢管混凝土边框双肢剪力墙整体抗侧刚度大,具有较强的耗能能力、变形能力及延性,对抗震有利;分块钢板参数选择对双肢剪力墙抗震性能影响明显。 相似文献
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至今,带暗柱的等肢L形柱轴压比限值调整系数尚未得到充分研究,因而限制了其在工程中的应用.为此,针对等肢L形柱,采用非线性全过程数值分析方法,通过C++编制程序,并使用相关实验数据对程序进行了验证;在不同抗震等级、肢高纵筋配筋率及体积配箍率下,计算了带暗柱与不带暗柱钢筋混凝土等肢L形柱的截面曲率延性比,并根据《混凝土异形柱结构技术规程》给出的不同抗震等级下异形柱截面曲率延性比的要求,确定了各抗震等级下带暗柱与不带暗柱的等肢L形柱的轴压比限值及其比值;最后通过拟合分析法及调整系数法确定了带暗柱等肢L形柱轴压比限值的调整系数. 相似文献
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为研究双向耦合作用对带钢板暗支撑高阻尼混凝土核心筒抗震性能的影响,对两个试件进行了低周往复荷载试验,其中HCW-P加载角度为0°,HCW-D为45°。研究了不同加载角度时,试件的破坏形态、承载力、延性、耗能等。结果表明,斜向45°加载试件的破坏形态与0°加载试件有较大的不同,HCW-D斜裂缝主要集中于中部墙肢,端部墙肢则主要为水平裂缝,而HCW-P则是水平及斜裂缝共存于腹板;在抗震性能方面,HCW-D的屈服位移、极限位移均有提高,延性系数下降,峰值承载力及耗能增加。对HCW-D的混凝土及钢筋应变进行了分析,应变分布表明,在受到正向水平荷载作用时,一个端部墙肢以受拉为主,呈小偏心受拉,另一个则是以受压为主,呈小偏心受压,且中部墙肢洞口约束边缘构件受压较大,连梁参与作用较小。 相似文献
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藻类鉴定被广泛应用于藻类遗传学、生理学、生态学和应用藻类学,尤其是藻类调查和评估.然而,基于形态学的鉴定往往因为分类特征未出现或不典型、设备限制和人员经验欠缺等原因带来较大误差.随着测序技术的不断发展,分子标记已成为藻类鉴定的一个通用工具.由于藻类类群众多且差异很大,分子标记的选择成为藻类鉴定的关键.本文综述了蓝藻、硅藻、绿藻、甲藻、裸藻、隐藻、金藻、黄藻、红藻和褐藻等主要门类分子标记的选择及应用进展,包括分子标记选择原则、常用标记和相应序列数据库,以及各个分子标记在不同类群应用中的优缺点等.藻类分子鉴定源于编码核糖体RNA的基因（rDNA）,发展于细胞核、线粒体、叶绿体DNA等.然而,当前藻类分子鉴定逐渐细化和完善,单一的核糖体DNA、内转录间隔区（ITS）和保守蛋白编码基因等短序列分子标记已经很难满足藻类鉴定的需求,多标记组合成为一种必然选择.同时,线粒体基因组、叶绿体基因组、核基因组、转录组和宏基因组等提供了更多遗传进化信息,弥补了短序列分子标记在系统分类应用中的不足.对于藻类鉴定,单纯依赖分子标记或形态学都不足以保证鉴定的准确性,采用将分子生物学、形态学、生理生化学等结合的多相学方法,才能准确地完成鉴定工作.此外,藻类分子数据库的建立和完善是未来分子鉴定的重要工作,快速鉴定方法也必将在未来获得广泛的应用和发展. 相似文献
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Abstract Fossil otariid pinnipeds of the extinct genera Prototaria Takeyama and Ozawa, 1984, and Neotherium Kellogg, 1931, known from Middle Miocene deposits bordering the North Pacific Ocean, are small, primitive pinnipeds in the subfamily Imagotariinae. They have a small supraorbital process of the frontal or have lost it entirely, a three-rooted first molar, small paroccipital process, and ear morphology indicating that they belong in the subfamily Imagotariinae. Their unique derived characters include extreme intertemporal constriction and highly modified cheek teeth, the premolars having become molarized by the addition of protocones and lingual cingula. Prototaria Takeyama and Ozawa, 1984, the most primitive known imagotariine genus, contains two species, P. primigena Takeyama and Ozawa, 1984, and P. planicephala Kohno, 1994, both of early Middle Miocene age from Japan. Prototaria has a few derived characters, including a large antorbital process, narrow intertemporal region, and large orbit, but its primitive characters apparently were inherited from enaliarctine ancestors. The long enigmatic Neotherium mirum Kellogg, 1931, of Middle Miocene age from California, USA, is related to Prototaria, but differs by having an elongate skull, very slender zygomatic arch, ventrally exposed median lacerate foramen, and smaller but more molarized premolars. A more primitive new genus and species, Proneotherium repenningi Barnes, related to N. mirum, is from the early Middle Miocene Astoria Formation, coastal Oregon, USA. It shares some derived characters with Prototaria, and shares many other important derived characters with N. mirum. Imagotariines probably arose from some species of Early Miocene enaliarctines, became diverse in Middle and Late Miocene time, and are only known from the North Pacific realm. Although they might include the ancestors of true walruses of the subfamily Odobeninae, no known imagotariines appear to have been adapted for mollusk feeding as are the highly evolved modern walruses. Instead, imagotariines appear to have retained a primitive piscivorous diet, as did the fur seals and sea lions of the subfamily Otariinae. 相似文献
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The chronologies are shown of sediment load on the banks of a river of the Ruhr district (Lippe) with radionuclides of radium, lead and cesium and preliminary chemical measurements for lead, zinc, arsenic, mercury, cadmium, barium, PAHs, PCDDs, PCDFs, PCBs, TOC, AOX and EOX. A new method of dating is developed and proved, which is especially suitable for rivers with radioactivity from coal mines. The method improves the well-known excess-210Pb-dating for the use with rivers in industrial regions and allows the preparation of load histories (chronologies). Conclusions are made on the historical trend of emissions in the region from the trend of the sediment load of known age and regular sedimentation without perturbation. 相似文献
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In order to recognize lateral and seasonal variations in composition of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Odra Estuary, samples were taken at four sites in the period July 1996 - July 1997 monthly if possible. The contents of the elements Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, Na, K, P, C, S as well as Ba, Cr, Sr, V, Zn, Cu, Zr, and of the minerals illite, chlorite, smectite, kaolinite and others have been determined. The decreasing influence of the river Odra towards the open sea could be realized with the help of the contents of the minerals quartz, smectite, and of the elements Ba, Cr, K, P, Si and other. 60% of the seasonal and lateral variations can be explained by changing contents of total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), Al, Fe, Si, Ti, P, Mn, and Ba. They are mainly caused by differences in the production of organic matter, resuspension, riverine input, and redox-sensitive processes. 相似文献
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At the beginning of August 1997, 72 samples of flood sediments were taken along the Upper and Middle Odra river and its tributaries. The concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Co, Ni, Cr, Mn, and Fe in the bulk samples and in the <20 μm fraction were determined by AAS method. The contents of metals vary in wide ranges and are significantly higher in the <20 μm fraction of sediments. The range concentrations vary as following: Zn 274...3 656 mg/kg, Pb 79...1 773 mg/kg, Cd 1.7...11.8 mg/kg, Cu 38...2 244 mg/kg, Cr 14...384 mg/kg, Co 4...73 mg/kg, Hg 0.2...3.9 mg/kg, Mn 214...6 972 mg/kg, and Fe 1.5...16.3 %. The highest amount of the metals was found in the Wrocław and Głogów regions. The mobile (exchangeable and carbonatic fractions) portions of metals reached up to 50 % of Zn, 40 % of Pb and Cu and 60 % of Mn. 相似文献
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The Upper Devonian orbital cyclostratigraphy and numerical dating conodont zones from Guangxi,South China 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
GONG Yiming XU Ran TANG Zhongdao & LI Baohua Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Laboratory of Marine Geology Tongji University Shanghai China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2005,48(1):32-41
The hierarchically organized laminae, bundles, bundlesets and superbundlesets which correspond to a sub-Milankovitch, obliquity or precession, eccentricity and long eccentricity cyclothems, respectively, have been distinguished from the Upper Devonian Fras-nian-Famennian (F-F) transitional carbonate successions deposited in the carbonate-basin and slope facies of Guangxi, South China. The durations of cyclothems are 8000-10000a, 16667a or 33333a, 100000a and 400000a, respectively. The ratio of eccentricity to precession, eccentricity to obliquity, and long eccentricity to eccentricity is 1 : 6, 1 : 3 and 1 : 4 in the Devonian, respectively. Orbital cyclostratigraphical studies show that the durations of the conodont falsio-valis Zone, transitans Zone, punctate Zone, Lower hassi Zone, Upper hassi Zone, jamieae Zone, Lower rhenana Zone, Upper rhenana Zone, linguiformis Zone, Lower triangularis Zone, Middle triangularis Zone and Upper triangularis Zone are 0.4, 0.4, 0.4, 0.3, 0.4, 0.2, 0.8, 0.6, 0.8, 0.3, 0 相似文献
18.
John P. Sumpter 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):9-16
Although a relatively new area of environmental research, the field of endocrine disruption has grown very rapidly, and currently many hundreds, perhaps even a few thousand, papers are published annually on the many different aspects covered by the field. As far as endocrine disruption in wildlife is concerned, most attention has been focused on aquatic organisms, for two reasons. Firstly, the aquatic environment receives most of the pollutants intentionally released into the environment, through effluents from wastewater treatment plants, and secondly because many of the best documented examples of endocrine disruption in wildlife are of partially or completely aquatic species. These two reasons are probably not unconnected, of course. Hence, aquatic organisms can receive continuous exposure to endocrine‐disrupting chemicals throughout their lives, albeit usually to low concentrations of these chemicals. Analysis of effluents has identified many of the endocrine‐disrupting chemicals present, and shown that these are both natural and man‐made, and vary greatly in potency. Most attention has been directed to identifying the main estrogenic chemicals, because many of the effects reported in wildlife appear to be a consequence of ‘feminization’ of males. However, chemical analysis of effluents has also demonstrated that chemicals with other types of endocrine activity are present, such as androgens, anti‐androgens, progestagens, etc. The effects (if any, of course) of such chemicals on aquatic organisms are unknown, and largely uninvestigated, presently. Much of the biological research has centred on the effects of estrogenic chemicals, especially to fish. These effects, such as elevated vitellogenin concentrations and intersexuality, have to date been studied almost exclusively at the level of the individual, and hence whether endocrine‐disrupting chemicals cause population‐level consequences is largely unknown (the undeniable effects of TBT on molluscs, leading to local extinctions, being the exception). It is my opinion that rather too much of the recent research has not advanced our understanding of endocrine disruption a great deal, and we are probably not much further forward now than we were five years or so ago. It is surely time to tackle some of the outstanding, unresolved issues, such as the impact of endocrine disruption at the population level, and the issue of how organisms respond when exposed to complex mixtures of endocrine active chemicals. Such research will not be easy, and will require multidisciplinary teams, including people with expertise in areas not yet involved in the field of endocrine disruption, such as mathematical modellers. However, until such research is done, it will not be possible to decide how important an issue endocrine disruption is to wildlife, and how that importance compares to the other factors adversely affecting wildlife, such as habitat loss, climate change, and the introduction of exotic species and novel diseases. 相似文献
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Abstract Chelonioid sea turtles (Order Testudinata; Superfamily Chelonioidea) first appear in the early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian). Their long fossil record is excellent compared to most marine tetrapods. Nonetheless, there has been no inclusive attempt to provide an analysis of cladistic relationships among this group. In this paper, the following chelonioid classification is proposed, based on 76 characters among 20 fossil and six living well- represented genera:
- 1 Family Cheloniidae (Coniacian to Recent); Toxochelys, Ctenochelys, Osteopygis, Erquelinnesia, Allopleuron, Argillochelys, Puppigerus, Eochelone, Syllomus, Natator, Eretmochelys, Chelonia, Caretta, Lepidochelys
- 2 Family Protostegidae (Aptian to Maastrichtian?); ‘Santana new protostegid’,Rhinochelys, Notochelone, Desmatochelys, Chelosphargis, Protostega, Archelon
- 3 Family Dermochelyidae (Santonian? to Recent); Corsochelys, ‘HMG new dermo-chelyid’, Eosphargis, Psephophorus, Dermochelys.
20.
Spatial distribution of heavy metals in Hong Kong's marine sediments and their human impacts: a GIS-based chemometric approach 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
A geographic information system (GIS)-based chemometric approach was applied to investigate the spatial distribution patterns of heavy metals in marine sediments and to identify spatial human impacts on global and local scales. Twelve metals (Zn, V, Ni, Mn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Ba, Hg, Fe, Cr and Al) were surveyed twice annually at 59 sites in Hong Kong from 1998 to 2004. Cluster analysis classified the entire coastal area into three areas on a global scale, representing different pollution levels. Backward discriminant analysis, with 84.5% correct assignments, identified Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, V, and Fe as significant variables affecting spatial variation on a local scale. Enrichment factors indicated that Cu, Cr, and Zn were derived from human impacts while Al, Ba, Mn, V and Fe originated from rock weathering. Principal component analysis further subdivided human impacts and their affected areas in each area, explaining 87%, 84% and 87% of the total variances, respectively. The primary anthropogenic sources in the three areas were (i) anti-fouling paint and domestic sewage; (ii) surface runoff, wastewater, vehicle emissions and marine transportation; and (iii) ship repainting, dental clinics, electronic/chemical industries and leaded fuel, respectively. Moreover, GIS-based spatial analysis facilitated chemometric methods. 相似文献