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潜在震源区不确定性因素分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
本文根据洪华生(Der Kiureghian-Ang)断层破裂模型,对不同尺度的潜在震源区及各种震源参数进行了地震危险性数值计算。分析了潜在震源区划分范围,震级上限M_u及β值等地震活动性参数的不确定性对地震危险性分析的影响,其结果可供地震区划及工程地震等工作者参考。 相似文献
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提出了一种改进的考虑非线性场地效应的概率地震危险性分析方法。文中应用实例展示了考虑吉尔罗伊2号场地土层非线性效应的危险性曲线。在卡拉韦拉斯断层上指定了震源参数和地震发生模型，假设该断层为影响该场地的主要震源。采用3次地震的记录经NONLI3程序（可计算土层对强地面运动的非线性响应）建立了该处地表和基岩加速之间的关系。对一定的基岩运动，估算出的地面峰值加速度（PGA）标准误差的不同值可作敏感性分析。实例研究包括一个可替换的非线性关系。除了非线性模型，在吉尔罗伊2号场地上的相同土壤剖面也采用了线性响应模型。结果显示，危险性曲线对估算的该处地表加速度峰值的标准误差非常敏感。如果对场地土壤的非线性程度考虑不足，危险性曲线将严重失真。得自回归分析的可替换的非线性模型和线性响应模型在考虑非线性场地效应的危险性评估是不适用的。 相似文献
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本研究基于地震危险性分析中地震重复原则和构造外推原则,以及一段时期内活动断裂上发生地震机制是相似或相近的假设,利用中国已发生的震级为MS5.0以上的地震震源机制解,将其中的一个节面视为实际地质断层参数和静态应力触发计算中的接收断层面,计算了2015年4月25日尼泊尔MS8.1地震对中国大陆地区的静态应力触发情况.研究结果表明:2015年4月25日尼泊尔MS8.1地震,触发了其后续的2次强余震的发生;本次地震对中国大陆产生的应力变化量值很小,其产生的应力加载主要集中在其邻近的西藏和新疆地区的部分断层上,而其余地区的断层则主要受到了应力卸载作用. 相似文献
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基于简化地震模型定量化确定潜在震源区边界 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
基于简化地震模型,根据发震断层的倾角、地震震源深度这两个参数,提出一种简便的定量化确定在震源区边界的方法,并在本方法的应用进行了具体说明,该方法物理意义明确,各简单直观,便于掌握应用。 相似文献
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近断层强地震动预测的一些基本问题讨论 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
近断层地震动的预测是当前地震工程中的一个关键科学问题。对预测中涉及的震源和三维地下结构建模、格林函数的计算和预测方法等基本问题做了探讨。分析了震源模型中全局和局部震源参数,给出一套震源建模方案;通过各种格林函数的对比分析,指出宽频带格林函数法是当前近断层地震动预测中最合适的方法。对近断层场地非线性分析的一些问题也进行了讨论。 相似文献
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2020年3月20日, 处在北喜马拉雅断裂与申扎—定结断裂交会区的西藏定日发生MW5.7地震, 此次地震发震断层源模型的研究对于认识该地区的复杂地质构造具有重要意义。 本文利用升、 降轨Sentinel-1A星载SAR数据, 通过合成孔径雷达干涉测量(InSAR)处理获得了地震引起的地表位移场, 其中, 雷达视线方向(LOS)最大地表位移达到0.16 m。 基于均匀弹性半空间位错模型, 利用得到的地表形变数据, 通过非线性和线性反演确定了包含断层几何参数以及滑动分布的震源模型, 最后对发震断层的构造特点进行了分析。 结果表明, 发震断层是具有少量右旋走滑分量的浅部隐伏正断层, 断层走向为319°, 倾角为44°, 断层滑动主要集中在1~6 km深的范围内, 最大滑动量位于深度4 km处且达到0.8 m。 地震释放的地震矩为4.14×1017 N·m, 对应矩震级为MW5.7, 与地震波形反演结果一致。 通过分析, 我们认为此次定日地震的发震断层可能为申扎—定结主断裂南端“Y”字型的分支断裂, 该地区“Y”字型构造的存在可能是小震集中于此的主要原因。 相似文献
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乌鲁木齐城市活断层探测与地震危险性评价主要成果简介 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以乌鲁木齐市建成区和规划区作为探测目标区,对区内的活动断层及其深部发震构造进行了系统的探测,对活动断层的危险性和危害性进行了初步评价。根据断层活动性鉴定,确定目标区内存在2组全新世活动断层,即王家沟断层组和九家湾断层组。前者为近EW向的北倾逆断层,后者为NE走向的北倾正断层。晚更新世活动断层为八钢-石化隐伏断层、西山断层、碗窑沟断层和白杨南沟断层。深部发震构造探测揭示出目标区所处的北天山山前薄皮推覆构造及其前缘逆断层-褶皱的清楚结构,结合流动地震观测和小震精确定位等,建立了目标区活动断层的发震构造模型。通过古地震探槽和地震活动性研究对目标区全新世活动断层和晚更新世活动断层的地震危险性进行了评价;并在此基础上对可能发生的直下型大地震所引起的强地震动进行了预测,对全新世活动断层可能产生的地表错动带和晚更新世活动断层可能引起的地表变形带进行了预测 相似文献
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国内外大量地震震例研究表明，巨大的城市地震灾害主要是由隐伏于城市之下的活动断裂上发生的地震造成的，因此，探测城市活断层是十分必要和紧迫的。高分辩率地震勘探是目前探测城市活断层较为有效的地球物理方法，它包括激发技术、接收技术、观测系统、地震数据处理与解释技术等。而震源是地震勘探的首要问题，城市特定的人文环境和城市活断层的特点对高分辩率地震勘探的震源提出了特殊的要求，较小的断距决定了要有较宽的震源谱，城市较严重的干扰决定了震源勘探的震源提出了特殊的要求，较小数点的断距决定了要有较宽的震源谱，城市较严重的干扰决定了震源要有较强的抗干扰能力。通过在福州市跨八一水库断裂进行的可控震源、真空加速落锤、锤击震源、枪震源以及炸药震源的试验研究，利用频谱分析技术，得到了各种震源谱的特征，并给出了可控震源、真空加速落锤和锤击震源叠加时间剖面对比，探讨了各种震源在城市活断层探测中的有效性。 相似文献
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哈尔滨市目标区内主要断裂断错地表的最新活动时代为第四纪早期,晚更新世以来无断错地表的活动迹象。通过对城市活动断层地震危险性评价的技术思路、哈尔滨市工作区的地震地质环境与潜在震源区划分、目标区主要断裂活动特征的综合分析,确定了目标区内3条主要断裂未来可能发生地震的最大震级,并以兴安-东蒙活动地块与工作区作为分析的两种范围尺度,在适当调整工程地震学地震危险性概率分析方法的基础上,综合估算了目标区和目标区内单条断裂未来100年的发震概率。结果表明:哈尔滨市目标区主要断裂未来发生4.0级上破坏性地震的可能性极小,可能地震的最大震级为MS5.5 相似文献
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徐州活动断层探测项目主要断层活动性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对徐州市主要可能的发震断层开展了活动性探测及地震危险性评价工作,这对徐州市开展防震减灾工作具有重大意义.根据前人资料,分析了威胁徐州市区安全的主要5条隐伏断层,它们分别为幕集-刘集断裂、不老河断裂、废黄河断裂、班井断裂和邵楼断裂.同时根据徐州市活动断层探测项目的要求,针对这5条主要断层开展了浅层地震勘探、钻孔联合剖面探测、野外地震地质调查等相关工作,评价了这5条断层的活动历史、活动性质、规模、展布和地貌特征,及其最新活动时代.结果表明,废黄河断裂最新活动时代为中更新世中期,邵楼断裂最新活动时代为早更新世,这2条断层是目标区具备一定程度发震能力和地震危险性最大的断层. 相似文献
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以福州市活断层信息管理系统为例,提出了城市活断层探测信息系统建设的目标,分析了以GIS技术为支持的、面向对象的设计方法及系统结构与功能。系统在局域网内采用C/S模式,在广域网中采用B/S模式,具有用户界面、应用程序和基础数据的3层结构。探测成果数据库按照分类、分层存贮,按专题组织查询的方式管理。城市活断层探测信息管理系统以活断层探测成果数据库为基础,空间分析为支撑,集地质、地球物理、地球化学、综合查询及专题分析应用为一体,具备活断层探测及分析研究成果分类与综合查询、展示、分析等功能,这一系统的建立可为活断层研究的定量化提供坚实的数据基础与技术平台,为城市规划、土地利用等防震减灾工作的开展提供科学依据 相似文献
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应用波动方程有限差分方法人工合成地震记录进行城市隐伏断层的地震勘探.采用适当的差分算法、震源子波以及有效地边界条件和频散消除方法来提高正演模拟的精度和分辨率.结果表明地震数值模拟可以用来分析地层厚度、断层倾角、断层深度以及断裂带宽度等参数对地震记录的影响;通过实际试验数据和正演模拟的合成单炮地震记录的对比,可以快速判断断层的大致位置和断裂带的大致范围以及目标地层的大致深度.该方法能有效辅助实际野外工作中的数据采集参数的估计,提高勘探效率和精度. 相似文献
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国内外大量地震震例研究表明 ,巨大的城市地震灾害主要是由隐伏于城市之下的活动断裂上发生的地震造成的 ,因此 ,探测城市活断层是十分必要和紧迫的。高分辨率地震勘探是目前探测城市活断层较为有效的地球物理方法 ,它包括激发技术、接收技术、观测系统、地震数据处理与解释技术等。而震源是地震勘探的首要问题 ,城市特定的人文环境和城市活断层的特点对高分辨率地震勘探的震源提出了特殊的要求 ,较小的断距决定了要有较宽的震源谱 ,城市较严重的干扰决定了震源要有较强的抗干扰能力。通过在福州市跨八一水库断裂进行的可控震源、真空加速落锤、锤击震源、枪震源以及炸药震源的试验研究 ,利用频谱分析技术 ,得到了各种震源谱的特性 ,并给出了可控震源、真空加速落锤和锤击震源叠加时间剖面对比 ,探讨了各种震源在城市活断层探测中的有效性 相似文献
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UPPER CRUSTAL VELOCITY STRUCTURE AND CONSTRAINING FAULT INTERPRETATION FROM SHUNYI-TANGGU REFRACTION EXPERIMENT DATA 
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下载免费PDF全文 The urban active fault survey is of great significance to improve the development and utilization of urban underground space, the urban resilience, the regional seismic reference modeling, and the natural hazard prevention. The Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region with the densest population is one of the most developed and most important urban groups, located at the northeastern North China plain. There are several fault systems crossing and converging in this region, and most of the faults are buried. The tectonic setting of the faults is complex from shallow to deep. There are frequent historical earthquakes in this area, which results in higher earthquake risk and geological hazards. There are two seismicity active belts in this area. One is the NE directed earthquake belt located at the east part of the profile in northern Ninghai near the Tangshan earthquake region. The other is located in the Beijing plain in the northwest of the profile and near the southern end of Yanshan fold belt, where the 1679 M8.0 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake occurred, the largest historical earthquake of this area. Besides, there are some small earthquake activities related to the Xiadian Fault and the Cangdong Fault at the central part of the profile.
The seismic refraction experiment is an efficient approach for urban active fault survey, especially in large- and medium-size cities. This method was widely applied to the urban hazard assessment of Los Angeles. We applied a regularized tomography method to modeling the upper crustal velocity structure from the high-resolution seismic refraction profile data which is across the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. This seismic refraction profile, with 185km in length, 18 chemical explosive shots and 500m observation space, is the profile with densest seismic acquisition in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region up to now. We used the trial-error method to optimize the starting velocity model for the first-arrival traveltime inversion. The multiple scale checker board tests were applied to the tomographic result assessment, which is a non-linear method to quantitatively estimate the inversion results. The resolution of the tomographic model is 2km to 4km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.5 and is 4km to 7km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.7. The tomographic model reveals a very thick sediment cover on the crystalline basement beneath the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. The P wave velocity of near surface is 1.6km/s. The thickest sediment cover area locates in the Huanghua sag and the Wuqing sag with a thickness of 8km, and the thinnest area is located at the Beijing sag with a thickness of 2km. The thickness of the sediment cover is 4km and 5km in the Cangxian uplift and the Dacang sag, respectively. The depth of crystalline basement and the tectonic features of the geological subunits are related to the extension and rift movement since the Cenozoic, which is the dynamics of formation of the giant basins.
It is difficult to identify a buried fault system, for a tomographic regularization process includes velocity smoothing, and limited by the seismic reflection imaging method, it is more difficult to image the steep fault. Velocity and seismic phase variations usually provide important references that describe the geometry of the faults where there are velocity differences between the two sides of fault. In this paper, we analyzed the structural features of the faults with big velocity difference between the two sides of the fault system using the velocity difference revealed by tomography and the lateral seismic variations in seismograms, and constrained the geometry of the major faults in the study region from near surface to upper crust. Both the Baodi Fault and the Xiadian Fault are very steep with clear velocity difference between their two sides. The seismic refraction phases and the tomographic model indicate that they both cut the crystalline basement and extend to 12km deep. The Baodi Fault is the boundary between the Dachang sag and the Wuqing sag. The Xiadian Fault is a listric fault and a boundary between the Tongxian uplift and the Dachang sag. The tomographic model and the earthquake locations show that the near-vertical Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault, with a certain amount of velocity difference between its two sides, cuts the crystalline basement, and the seismicity on the fault is frequent since Cenozoic. The Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault can be identified deep to 20km according to the seismicity hypocenters.
The dense acquisition seismic refraction is a good approach to construct velocity model of the upper crust and helpful to identify the buried faults where there are velocity differences between their two sides. Our results show that the seismic refraction survey is a useful implement which provides comprehensive references for imaging the fault geometry in urban active fault survey. 相似文献
The seismic refraction experiment is an efficient approach for urban active fault survey, especially in large- and medium-size cities. This method was widely applied to the urban hazard assessment of Los Angeles. We applied a regularized tomography method to modeling the upper crustal velocity structure from the high-resolution seismic refraction profile data which is across the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. This seismic refraction profile, with 185km in length, 18 chemical explosive shots and 500m observation space, is the profile with densest seismic acquisition in the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region up to now. We used the trial-error method to optimize the starting velocity model for the first-arrival traveltime inversion. The multiple scale checker board tests were applied to the tomographic result assessment, which is a non-linear method to quantitatively estimate the inversion results. The resolution of the tomographic model is 2km to 4km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.5 and is 4km to 7km through the ray-path coverage when the threshold value is 0.7. The tomographic model reveals a very thick sediment cover on the crystalline basement beneath the Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan region. The P wave velocity of near surface is 1.6km/s. The thickest sediment cover area locates in the Huanghua sag and the Wuqing sag with a thickness of 8km, and the thinnest area is located at the Beijing sag with a thickness of 2km. The thickness of the sediment cover is 4km and 5km in the Cangxian uplift and the Dacang sag, respectively. The depth of crystalline basement and the tectonic features of the geological subunits are related to the extension and rift movement since the Cenozoic, which is the dynamics of formation of the giant basins.
It is difficult to identify a buried fault system, for a tomographic regularization process includes velocity smoothing, and limited by the seismic reflection imaging method, it is more difficult to image the steep fault. Velocity and seismic phase variations usually provide important references that describe the geometry of the faults where there are velocity differences between the two sides of fault. In this paper, we analyzed the structural features of the faults with big velocity difference between the two sides of the fault system using the velocity difference revealed by tomography and the lateral seismic variations in seismograms, and constrained the geometry of the major faults in the study region from near surface to upper crust. Both the Baodi Fault and the Xiadian Fault are very steep with clear velocity difference between their two sides. The seismic refraction phases and the tomographic model indicate that they both cut the crystalline basement and extend to 12km deep. The Baodi Fault is the boundary between the Dachang sag and the Wuqing sag. The Xiadian Fault is a listric fault and a boundary between the Tongxian uplift and the Dachang sag. The tomographic model and the earthquake locations show that the near-vertical Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault, with a certain amount of velocity difference between its two sides, cuts the crystalline basement, and the seismicity on the fault is frequent since Cenozoic. The Shunyi-Liangxiang Fault can be identified deep to 20km according to the seismicity hypocenters.
The dense acquisition seismic refraction is a good approach to construct velocity model of the upper crust and helpful to identify the buried faults where there are velocity differences between their two sides. Our results show that the seismic refraction survey is a useful implement which provides comprehensive references for imaging the fault geometry in urban active fault survey. 相似文献