共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(8)
华北克拉通金矿床主要形成于早白垩世,具有爆发性成矿的特点,成矿时代与克拉通破坏峰期一致.成矿流体主要源于岩浆或地幔脱挥发分,这与世界其他克拉通内造山型金矿床显著不同,后者的成矿流体主要来自区域变质过程中的变质脱挥发分.结合华北克拉通破坏的时空范围、破坏机制等研究成果,本文系统分析了华北克拉通金矿床的时空分布规律、矿床成因和成矿机制等问题.我们认为,华北克拉通早白垩世金矿床不属于"造山型",而是"克拉通破坏型",其与"造山型"金矿床的本质区别在于成矿构造背景(伸展背景)和成矿流体来源(主要与来自克拉通破坏相关的岩浆活动有关).由于早白垩世古西太平洋板块(Izanagi板块)俯冲、回转与后撤、在地幔过渡带的滞留,改变了所在区域地幔过渡带和上覆地幔的物性与流动状态-出现非稳态流动,导致华北克拉通经历了来自深部熔/流体的强烈交代改造,形成强烈富集的岩石圈地幔.正是这种强烈交代富集的岩石圈地幔熔融产生的熔/流体与地壳的相互作用造成金元素短期巨量聚集成矿.通过对比分析北美克拉通破坏过程,我们发现美国内华达州卡林(Carlin)型金矿与华北克拉通早白垩世金矿具有相似的形成机制,两者差别仅表现在成矿流体最终就位的赋矿岩石类型不同.内华达州卡林型金矿实际上也属于克拉通破坏型金矿,克拉通破坏型金矿具有爆发性成矿规律.根据成矿地理位置,我们推断早白垩世古西太平洋俯冲板块后撤速率约为8.8 cm/a,始新世古东太平洋板块(Farallon板块)俯冲后撤速率约为3.3 cm/a. 相似文献
2.
山东幔源岩浆岩的碳-氧和锶-钕同位素地球化学研究 总被引：25，自引：2，他引：25
系统研究了鲁西早白垩世碳酸岩、方城玄武岩、胶东白垩世煌斑岩、蒙阴古生代金伯利岩的碳-氧和锶-钕同位素组成特征. 古生代金伯利岩的碳氧同位素组成集中, δ13C和δ18O分别在−4.8‰~−7.6‰和+9.9‰~+13.2‰之间, 属正常情况, 而白垩纪3类岩浆岩的碳氧同位素则变化较大, 并暗示当时的地幔源区可能局部受到过含有机碳的地壳物质的混染. 白垩纪3类岩浆岩的锶钕同位素一致显示了EMII型富集地幔的源区特征, 暗示了再循环地壳物质对地幔源区的改造. 碳-氧和锶-钕同位素特征的系统对比显示, 华北东部克拉通下岩石圈地幔在早古生代、早白垩世、第三纪时期的特征互不相同, 表明该陆下岩石圈地幔自古生代以来至少经历了两次改造过程. 目前的资料暗示, 第1次改造过程可能主要发生在三叠纪-侏罗纪, 带有缓慢渐变的特征, 第2次改造过程主要发生在白垩纪, 显示为快速突变. 种种迹象表明, 华北东部早白垩世(尤其是120~130 Ma)可能是华北东部中生代动力学体制转折的关键时段. 相似文献
3.
西太平洋板片俯冲与后撤引起华北东部地幔置换并导致陆内盆-山耦合 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
华北中生代构造-岩浆活动频繁,深部岩石圈地幔性质发生变化,即克拉通发生活化作用.活化作用大致可分为三个阶段:(1)晚古生代至早侏罗世(至~170Ma),(2)中侏罗世至早白垩世早期(160~140Ma),(3)早白垩世至新生代(~140Ma以来).其中后两个阶段与古太平洋板片俯冲及后撤导致华北东部深部的岩石圈地幔置换并引起陆内浅部的盆山耦合过程是本文讨论的重点.在第一阶段,古亚洲洋俯冲和关闭引起华北北缘经历弧后拉张、碰撞挤压及碰撞后伸展等构造-岩浆活动,而且造成陆块边缘完整性的机械破坏和地幔性质的化学改造,成为后续软流圈物质上涌的通道和岩浆活动的优先发生区;受华南陆块俯冲的影响,华北南缘也发生了类似的过程.在第二阶段,蒙古鄂霍次克洋闭合及古太平洋板片俯冲剪切,引起华北北缘的两次近S-N向的挤压作用(燕山运动的A、B幕),近E-W向分布的陆缘盆地被晚中生代岩体和NE-SW断裂肢解为零星分布的盆岭省,岩浆作用由东北角向西迁移进入地块内部,同时郯庐断裂的性质由左行走滑转换为正断层,华北由早期的近S-N向的压扭性背景进入NW-SE向的弧后拉张阶段.第三阶段是华北克拉通破坏和岩石圈地幔增生的关键时期,深部难熔的克拉通型地幔被饱满的大洋型地幔置换,实现岩石圈大幅度减薄后的小幅增生增厚过程;浅部的表现是岩浆作用持续向东南迁移,陆内岩石圈薄弱带优先发生伸展变形,包括在早白垩世(140~110Ma)中部带侏罗纪逆冲断层反转为正断层、郯庐断裂的持续拉张引起中地壳拆离和大渤海湾盆地的沉降;晚白垩世至今(110Ma~),中部山带发生断陷作用形成汾渭盆地和沁水盆地,大渤海盆地内部断陷形成盆-山相间的地貌特征,苏鲁造山带则发育莱阳盆地等.华北克拉通规模小并发育陆内薄弱带,是克拉通容易破坏的内因.具这种特性的克拉通容易受周边多个俯冲构造域和上涌软流圈物质的共同影响.晚中生代(~160Ma)以来,华北克拉通破坏主要表现为周边块体的俯冲导致软流圈物质上涌、岩石圈减薄和浅部地壳滑脱,岩石圈薄弱带处(如中部山带)出现褶皱和逆冲,实现伸展背景下的局部挤压;俯冲板块后撤(~140Ma)则使上涌的软流圈回落形成岩石圈并实现地幔小幅增生置换(~125Ma)与伸展背景下浅部地壳断陷和成盆过程.因此,西太平洋板片俯冲和后撤是引起华北东部深部岩石圈地幔置换并导致陆内浅部盆-山耦合的外在动力来源,表明华北克拉通破坏是地块内部与地块边缘、深部过程与浅部盆-山耦合响应的综合地质记录,我们认为这也是燕山运动的本质. 相似文献
4.
华北东部中生代构造体制转折的关键时限 总被引：98，自引：10，他引：98
华北东部中生代构造体制发生了以挤压为主到以伸展为主的转变, 形成北北东向的盆岭格局, 岩石圈快速减薄, 岩浆作用活跃, 引发了爆发式成矿. 确定中生代构造体制转折的时限是理解构造转折机制的核心问题之一. 报道了多方面研究的最新成果. 重点对包括华北陆块南北缘、燕山、胶东等典型地区的构造分析确定了由挤压构造到伸展构造的峰期; 东部沉积盆地热史恢复结果判明华北东部中、新生代岩石圈厚度的变化和热体制的变更转换的时代; 盆地分析揭示了中生代-新生代时期华北东部盆地由挤压挠曲型到伸展断陷型的转变期; 通过火山岩喷发、与伸展构造有关的花岗岩类的形成, 克拉通内部和边缘的金矿爆发成矿期, 以及通过火山岩中的下地壳包体研究等限定了岩石圈减薄和壳幔置换的峰期. 以上研究结论一致, 即华北东部构造体制转折的峰期时限起于约150~140 Ma, 结束于约110~100 Ma, 峰值是120 Ma. 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(9)
华北克拉通在中生代发生强烈的破坏作用,诱发强烈的岩浆、构造、热事件,同时形成金等金属矿床.然而,克拉通破坏如何控制巨量金等金属矿床的形成与分布尚不十分清楚.本文基于已发表大量资料和科技部重点研发专项项目研究成果,系统总结了华北东部中生代岩浆岩岩石组合、年代学、地球化学和岩石成因、金等金属矿床成矿年代学、中生代盆地演化等最新资料,恢复了华北东部中-新生代盆地伸展量和郯庐断裂的左行走滑位移距离,确定了不同地质历史时期古太平洋板块俯冲带的位置,重新构建了华北东部中生代金等金属矿床和岩浆活动的时空分布规律,并发现早中侏罗世期间,岩浆-成矿作用由东向西逐渐迁移,而160～140Ma之后则由西向东迁移,论证了华北东部中生代金等金属成矿与岩浆岩成岩之间的成因关系,岩浆为金属矿床的形成提供了部分物源和成矿流体,阐明克拉通破坏与巨量岩浆-成矿作用的深部动力学机制,提出侏罗纪期间华北受到古太平洋板块向西低角度俯冲,不仅在华北东部(乃至中国东部)形成了类似于南美安第斯型富含斑岩铜矿的大陆岩浆弧,而且俯冲带流体交代地幔楔为早白垩世热液成矿奠定了物质基础.在早白垩世时期,古太平洋板块俯冲角度由低变高,俯冲板块和俯冲带发生后撤,使华北克拉通东部发生强烈破坏,并形成巨量岩浆和金等金属矿床. 相似文献
8.
《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(9)
脉状金矿床(Lode Gold Deposit)在全球广泛分布,是最具经济价值的金矿床类型之一.成矿时代、成矿流体和金的来源一直都是认识脉状金矿床成因的中心议题.全球脉状金矿床的成矿时代主要集中在三个时期,即:新太古代(2.8～2.5Ga)、古元古代(2.1～1.8Ga)和新元古代至今(700Ma至今).基于对脉状金矿床的成矿过程和成矿流体的认识,目前普遍认为其成矿流体来源主要有4种,包括变质流体、与花岗岩体有关的岩浆-热液流体、俯冲流体和幔源熔/流体.文章重点介绍了幔源熔/流体成矿过程的主要特点以及幔源熔/流体的成分特征和金富集机理,并简要介绍了辽东地区与幔源熔/流体有关的脉状金矿床的一些最新研究进展.这些研究表明,含水的交代大陆岩石圈地幔部分熔融产生的幔源熔/流体,可能是华北克拉通一些中生代脉状金矿床(如五龙金矿)成矿流体的主要来源. 相似文献
9.
10.
冀东-辽西玄武岩二长岩包体锆石U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和微量元素示踪燕辽地区169Ma和107Ma的热事件 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
报道了辽西阜新中生代(92~100 Ma)和冀东平泉第三纪(23~45 Ma)碱性玄武岩K-Ar年龄及其中二长岩包体的锆石原位U-Pb定年、Hf同位素和微量元素微区分析结果, 并对发生于燕辽陆内造山带的壳-幔相互作用进行了讨论. 阜新玄武岩中二长岩包体的锆石有非常一致的中侏罗世U-Pb年龄((169±3) Ma). 平泉玄武岩二长岩包体中除个别锆石具2491 Ma和513 Ma的老年龄外, 95%以上的锆石具(107±10)Ma的U-Pb年龄. 年龄为169 Ma的锆石接近于零的eHf 值(-1.2~ -4.6); 而年龄为107 Ma的锆石的eHf值主要为-11.5~ -16.3, 具明显的壳源性质. 阜新锆石具低的Nb, Ta, Sr, Th, U丰度, 低且狭窄的Hf模式年龄(0.87 ~ 1.00 Ga), 反映其二长岩岩浆源区物质的形成时代较新; 平泉锆石所具有的高不相容微量元素丰度, 高且宽的Hf模式年龄(0.89 ~ 2.56 Ga), 集中在(1.28±0.08)Ga, 则反映复杂的源区组成和较高的地壳成熟程度. 综合资料表明, J3 ~ K1是燕辽地区深部过程及壳层构造转折的关键时期, 但深部的作用过程存在明显的时空不均一性. 相似文献
11.
The gold contents of 59 samples of mantle-derived xenoliths, along with 85 samples of sulfide assem-blages in them, of Cenozoic basalt from eight districts in eastern China are analyzed. The gold contents of mantle xenoliths usually fall in the range of 10-9―10-8, whereas those of the sulfide assemblages fall in the range of 10-4―10-2. This implies that the latter are several hundred thousand times higher than the former, and thus that Au in the mantle is concentrated mostly in sulfide assemblages. Gold con-tents of both mantle-derived xenoliths and sulfide assemblages in them are inhomogeneous spatially, but their distribution rules are similar. Except the samples from Hainan Province, either the mantle xenoliths with high gold content or sulfide assemblages of the mantle-derived xenoliths with high gold content are distributed mostly on the north and south margins of the North China platform (Hannuoba of Hebei Province and Linqu, Changle of Shandong Province), corresponding to districts with concen-trated gold deposits in northwest Hebei Province and Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong Province. This may reflect the correlativity in age, nature and composition between the continental crust and the un-derlying lithospheric mantle. The underlying lithospheric mantle of the North China platform is an an-cient gold-rich lithospheric mantle. The gold-rich lithospheric mantle may be the material source of later activation, enrichment, transportation and mineralization of gold by auriferous CO2 mantle fluids. 相似文献
12.
Geochemical research on C-O and Sr-Nd isotopes of mantle-derived rocks from Shandong Province, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
LIU Jianming ZHANG Hongfu SUN Jinggui & YE Jie. Institute of Geology Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . School of Earth Science Jilin University Changchun China Correspondence should be addressed to Liu Jianming 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(2)
Abstract This paper presents systematic studies on the C-O and Sr-Nd isotopic compositions for Cretaceous Badou carbonatites, Fangcheng basalts, and Jiaodong lamprophyres and Paleozoic Mengyin kimberlites in Shandong Province, China. Paleozoic kimberlites have normal and uniform C-O isotopic compositions with δ13C and δ18O in the range of-4.8‰-7.6‰ and +9.9‰-+13.2‰, respectively. However, Cretaceous three different types of mantle-derived rocks have quite different C-O isotopic compositions, indicating that the mantle sources are probably partially contaminated with organic carbon-bearing crustal materials. These Cretaceous rocks show uniform and EMII-like Sr-Nd isotopic compositions and also indicate that the mantle sources were affected by recycled crustal materials. Comparative studies of C-O and Sr-Nd isotopes reveal that the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton had different isotope characteristics in the Paleozoic, the early Cretaceous, and the Tertiary time. This demon 相似文献
13.
Geochemical research on C—O and Sr—Nd isotopes of mantle-derived rocks from Shandong Province,China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper presents systematic studies on the C—O and Sr—Nd isotopic compositions for Cretaceous Badou carbonatites, Fangcheng
basalts, and Jiaodong lamprophyres and Paleozoic Mengyin kimberlites in Shandong Province, China. Paleozoic kimberlites have
normal and uniform C—O isotopic compositions with δ13C and δ18O in the range of −4.8‰—−7.6‰ and +9.9‰—+13.2‰, respectively. However, Cretaceous three different types of mantlederived rocks
have quite different C—O isotopic compositions, indicating that the mantle sources are probably partially contaminated with
organic carbon-bearing crustal materials. These Cretaceous rocks show uniform and EMII-like Sr—Nd isotopic compositions and
also indicate that the mantle sources were affected by recycled crustal materials. Comparative studies of C—O and Sr—Nd isotopes
reveal that the lithospheric mantle beneath the eastern North China Craton had different isotope characteristics in the Paleozoic,
the early Cretaceous, and the Tertiary time. This demonstrates that the lithospheric mantle beneath the region underwent at
least twice reconstructions since the Paleozoic. Available data imply that the first reconstruction mainly happened during
the Triassic-Jurassic time with gradual changes and the second in the Cretaceous with abrupt changes. Results also show that
the early Cretaceous (especially at 120-130 Ma) was perhaps the key period leading to the dramatic change of the Mesozoic
geodynamics on the eastern North China Craton. 相似文献
14.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(9)
The North China Craton(NCC) experienced strong destruction(i.e., decratonization) during the Mesozoic, which triggered intensive magmatism, tectonism and thermal events and formed large-scale gold and other metal deposits in the eastern part of the craton. However, how the decratonization controls the formation and distribution of large-scale of gold and other metal deposits is not very clear. Based on a large number of published data and new results, this paper systematically summarizes all the data for the rock assemblages, chronology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of Mesozoic magmatic rocks, as well as for the mineralizing ages of gold and other metal deposits and the evolution of the Mesozoic basins in the eastern NCC. The results are used to restore the extensional rates of Mesozoic to Cenozoic basins and the strike-slip distance of the Tanlu Fault, to ascertain the location of the Paleo-Pacific plate subduction zones during the Mesozoic to Cenozoic, and to reconstruct the temporal and spatial distribution of Mesozoic gold and other metal deposits and magmatic rocks in the eastern NCC. It is obtained that the magmatism and mineralization in the eastern NCC westward migrate from east to west during the Early to Middle Jurassic, but they eastward migrate from west to east during the Early Cretaceous. The metallogenesis of these deposits is genetically related to magmatism, and the magmas provided some ore-forming materials and fluids for the generation of metal deposits. The geodynamic mechanism of decratonization and related magmatism and mineralization is proposed, i.e., the westward low-angle subduction of the Paleo-Pacific slab beneath the NCC formed continental magmatic arc with plenty of porphyry Cu-Mo-Au deposits in the Jurassic, similar to the Andean continental arc in South America. The mantle wedge was metasomatized by the fluids/melts derived from the subducting slab, laying a material foundation for hydrothermal mineralization in the Early Cretaceous. While the rollback of the subducting slab with gradually increasing subduction angle and the retreat of the subduction zones during the Early Cretaceous induced strong destruction of the craton and the formation of extensive magmatic rocks and large-scale gold and other metal deposits. 相似文献
15.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2021,(9)
The Circum-Pacific subduction zone is a famous gold metallogenic domain in the world, with two important gold metallogenic provinces, the North China Craton and Nevada, which are related to the destruction of the North China Craton and the Wyoming Craton, respectively. Their ore-forming fluids were possibly derived from the stagnant slab in the mantle transition zone. The oceanic lithospheric mantle usually contains serpentine layers up to thousands of meters thick. During plate subduction, serpentine is dehydrated at depths of 200 km and transformed into high-pressure hydrous minerals, known as Phases A to E, which carries water to the depth of 300 km. The overlying big mantle wedge is hydrated during the breakdown of these hydrous facies in the mantle transition zone. The dehydration of the subducted slab in the big mantle wedge releases sulfur-rich fluid, which extracts gold and other chalcophile elements in the surrounding rocks, forming gold-rich fluid. Because the cratonic geotherm is lower than the water-saturated solidus line of lherzolite, the fluid cannot trigger partial melting. Instead, it induces metasomatism and forms pargasite and other water-bearing minerals when it migrates upward to depths of less than 100 km in the cratonic lithospheric mantle, resulting in a water-and gold-rich weak layer. During the destruction of craton, the weak layer is destabilized, releasing gold-bearing fluids that accelerate the destruction. The ore-forming fluids migrate along the shallow weak zone and are accumulated at shallow depths, and subsequently escape along deep faults during major tectonic events, leading to explosive gold mineralization. The ore-forming fluids are rich in ferrous iron, which releases hydrogen at low pressure through iron hydrolysis. Therefore, decratonic gold deposits are often reduced deposits. 相似文献
16.
Major and trace element studies on garnets from Palaeozoic kimberlite-borne mantle xenoliths and megacrysts from the North China craton 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Palaeozoic kimberlites from Mengyin, Shandong and Fuxian, Liaoning, eastern China, contain plenty of mantle xenoliths (peridotites, eclogites) and megacrystic minerals. In-situ electron and ion microprobe analyses on garnets from these xenoliths and megacrysts as well as relevant theoretical modeling reveal that these garnets were more or less affected by kimberlitic silicate melts prior to the encapsulation, in which eclogitic garnet from Fuxian, Liaoning Province, was little affected by mantle metasomatism, representing the primitive depleted mantle composition. In contrast, garnet from Mengyin, Shandong Province, and all megacrystic garnets were completely modified by metasomatic melts/fluids and reached perfectly chemical equilibrium, thus reflecting the characteristics of the enriched mantle. It is inferred that old lithospheric mantle beneath the North China craton was fairly strongly modified by metasomatism before Palaeozoic kimberlite emplacement. 相似文献
17.
18.
基于二维稳态热传导方程,利用有限元数值模拟方法,选取东西向横穿鄂尔多斯盆地地质与地球物理解释大剖面进行了深部温度场数值模拟研究,得到了华北克拉通西部的鄂尔多斯盆地下伏岩石圈热结构特征.地幔热流变化范围:21.2~24.5mW·m-2,体现为东高西低特征.壳幔热流比(Qc/Qm)介于1.51~1.84之间,为"热壳冷幔".与华北东部地幔热流对比表明,西部的鄂尔多斯盆地相对处于稳定的深部动力学环境.在岩石圈热结构研究基础上,对克拉通地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异进行了对比,研究表明:鄂尔多斯盆地西部地震岩石圈与热岩石圈厚度差异约达140km,而东部的汾渭地堑,渤海湾盆地二者差异逐渐减小.华北克拉通自西向东,地震岩石圈厚度与热岩石圈厚度差异不断减小,意味着华北克拉通岩石圈下部的软流圈地幔黏性系数自西向东逐渐降低,本文从地热学角度可能印证了太平洋俯冲脱水作用对华北克拉通的影响. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了华北地区近50个台站下方800 km深度内的剪切波速度结构.结果发现华北地区不同构造单元之间速度结构差异很大，稳定地块速度随深度稳定增加，构造带内速度结构复杂，而且即使在同一构造单元内，不同区段之间速度结构也明显不同，如太行山构造带，反映了不同构造单元或各区段经历了各自不同的地质演化历史.环渤海地区及相关区域多个台站的速度结构显示，华北东部地区地幔软流层埋深浅、厚度大、速度低，反映了地幔上涌的特点；而在软流层或更深层次的地幔中没有发现埋深或厚度比较统一的高速或低速体，因此可能没有岩石圈或下地壳介质曾经拆沉进入地幔，这为东部岩石圈减薄的动力学机制提供了一定的深部地球物理约束. 相似文献