共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
低渗透砂岩油气藏已成为油气增储生产的重要勘探开发目标,但孔隙结构复杂使得储层及其有效性难以准确识别.笔者利用物性、压汞、核磁等资料,对东营凹陷南坡沙四段(Es4)低渗透砂岩孔隙结构进行分析,划分出了3种类型.核磁T2谱与毛管压力曲线都在一定程度上反映孔喉分布,但常规方法利用T2谱重构伪毛管压力曲线所得到的孔隙半径与压汞孔喉半径有较大误差,而岩石孔隙自由流体T2与压汞孔喉分布对应关系更好,以此建立了不同孔隙结构类型二者之间不同孔喉尺度对应的关系式(大尺度:线性;小尺度:分段幂函数),可在井筒剖面上通过识别孔隙结构类型,进而利用核磁共振测井(NML)定量反演孔径分布,省去了构建伪毛管曲线环节,为低渗透砂岩储层有效性评价提供了直接依据,也是测井用于定量反演储层微观孔隙结构信息的有益探索. 相似文献
2.
《应用地球物理》2019,(4)
致密砂岩储层孔隙结构复杂,非均质性强,利用传统的常规测井计算孔隙度、泥质含量、J函数和流动单元指数等参数建立的储层分类方法很难有效地对致密砂岩储层进行分类。核磁共振T2分布与储层孔径分布密切相关,可用于表征储层孔隙结构特征。目前常用的方法是应用核磁共振T2分布与压汞毛管压力曲线建立线性函数或幂函数等经验公式,间接求取排驱压力、最大孔喉半径、中值孔喉半径等储层孔隙结构参数并用于储层分类,但经验公式存在地区适应性,且受限于实验样本的代表性,很难有效推广应用。对数正态分布常用来表示岩石孔径分布和粒度分布,通过计算小孔和大孔的体积、平均半径、标准差等参数定量表征储层的孔隙结构特性。本文采用双峰对数正态分布拟合核磁共振T2谱,得到表征岩石孔隙分布和非均质性的六个参数(小孔和大孔的体积、均值、标准差),结合核磁共振测井计算的总孔隙度,采用聚类分析方法进行储层分类。岩心实验测量数据及核磁共振测井数据处理结果表明,该方法可有效划分致密砂岩储层类型,具有较好的应用效果。 相似文献
3.
岩石孔喉结构特征对核磁T_2谱影响的数值模拟(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《应用地球物理》2008,(2)
本文建立了能够考虑孔喉特征的储层岩石三维非规整网络模型,用数值模拟方法进一步研究饱含水岩样的核磁T_2谱特征。通过模拟储层岩石孔喉核磁共振T_2谱的特征,表明核磁共振T_2谱同岩心孔喉半径分布具有很好的相似性,对T_2谱中孔隙体、喉道信号的分解可以评价储层岩石孔隙体、喉道的半径大小及分布情况。分别模拟喉道半径、孔喉比以及孔隙连通性等孔隙结构特征对T_2谱的影响,发现:1.随着喉道半径的增大,T_2谱峰值向右移动,而且峰值处的驰豫信号强度增大;2.随着孔喉比的增大,T_2谱峰值向右移动,峰值处的驰豫信号强度增大,而且孔隙体T_2谱和喉道T_2谱逐渐分开;3.随着连通性的增大,曲线左端上升,短驰豫时间信号所占比列增大,右边的峰值有所降低。 相似文献
4.
利用高压压汞、恒速压汞、核磁共振等实验,研究分析苏里格苏48区块盒8段储层可动流体饱和度的分布特征及主要控制因素.结果表明,研究区样品T_2谱主要呈左高右低的双峰型及单峰型两种形态,可动流体饱和度与可动流体孔隙度变化幅度较大.根据可动流体饱和度将储层划为3种类型,不同类型储层可动流体饱和度差异较大:Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类储层物性较好,孔隙半径大,喉道较粗,孔喉分布均匀,孔隙连通性好,粘土矿物质量百分数低,可动流体饱和度高;Ⅲ类储层孔隙半径小,孔喉分选差,孔隙之间连通性差,粘土矿物质量百分数高,可动流体饱和度低.可见可动流体饱和度受多种因素综合影响,其中微观孔喉特征是控制可动流体饱和度大小的主要因素,粘土矿物次之,储层物性最弱.孔喉特征参数中,孔隙半径、孔喉半径比、孔喉体积比、分选系数的控制作用最为显著,均值系数以及排驱压力的影响较为明显.在其它孔喉参数相差较小时,喉道对可动流体饱和度的大小起决定性作用;粘土矿物中,高岭石的质量百分数影响最大. 相似文献
5.
将岩石孔隙归结为由毛细管和球形孔组成的孔隙系统,提出孔隙球管孔隙模型. 岩石孔隙按大小分组后,每一组孔隙的氢核弛豫时间可以用球管孔隙模型计算. 将此弛豫时间作为反演T2分布的时间控制点,反演岩芯的核磁共振弛豫信号. 研究表明, T2分布与特定的孔隙结构相联系. 使用不同结构的球管孔隙模型,可以使反演T2分布最大限度地拟合弛豫信号,此时的球管模型以最近似的方式模拟了岩芯的孔隙结构. 使用球管模型对实验室核磁共振资料进行了处理,对比压汞分析得到毛管力分布数据,结果证明球管孔隙模型描述了岩石孔隙的弛豫特征,而且,岩石特定孔隙结构的弛豫特征与孔隙流体有关. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
致密砂岩孔喉细小,孔隙结构和孔隙表面性质复杂.深入理解电学参数变化规律对认识储层孔隙结构和含油气饱和度具有重要意义.本文选取鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界二叠系某致密砂岩气藏18块岩样,采用自吸増水法建立含水饱和度,测定岩样原地有效应力25 MPa下的电学参数,并采用压汞实验分析了岩样孔隙结构.原地有效应力下,致密砂岩的岩性系数a大于1、b小于1,胶结指数m、饱和度指数n均小于2,反映出致密砂岩的次生孔隙类型和片状孔喉特征;渗透率增加,岩性系数b缓慢增加,饱和度指数n主要介于1.0~1.5之间;在对数坐标系中,低含水饱和度阶段,部分岩石电阻率增大系数与含水饱和度的关系线发生弯曲,出现非阿尔奇现象;高含水饱和度阶段,随含水饱和度增加,部分岩石电阻率增大系数与含水饱和度RI-Sw关系线出现饱和度指数降低的非阿尔奇现象.低含水饱和度阶段,岩石孔隙表面的水润湿性是RI-Sw曲线向下弯曲的主要原因;孔喉连通性差、非均质性强的部分水湿岩石的RI-Sw曲线可能向上弯曲;致密砂岩的进汞中值压力高,孔喉非均匀性强,水在岩石中不均匀地分布,含水饱和度大于(70%~90%)后,RI-Sw曲线出现平缓折线,该阶段的n值远小于2. 相似文献
7.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(5)
储层微观孔隙结构是影响油气富集与油气田开发效果的内在因素.为探讨深层砂岩油藏储层孔喉参数特征及分布规律,应用铸体图像分析技术、高压压汞技术对渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷濮城油田沙河街组深层砂岩油藏储层孔喉特征参数进行了研究.铸体图像分析技术研究表明,储层物性与孔隙半径、喉道宽度呈正相关关系;面孔率参数与孔隙度、渗透率相关性较好,面孔率较相应的孔隙度参数小;比表面、形状因子与其储层物性参数不相关,储层孔隙、喉道形状无规律;由特低渗至高渗储层,孔喉比参数无明显变化趋势,孔喉配位数呈增大趋势,孔喉均质系数、分选系数、变异系数规律性不强.高压压汞资料分析研究表明,储层最大喉道半径、平均喉道半径、主流喉道半径、主流喉道半径下限值、最小可流动喉道半径等均与储层岩石的渗透率参数呈正相关关系;平均水力半径与平均喉道半径呈正相关关系;储层岩石比表面与渗透率参数呈负相关关系.基于高压压汞资料,建立了渤海湾盆地东濮凹陷濮城油田沙河街组深层砂岩油藏储层孔喉参数预测模型. 相似文献
8.
川中侏罗系自流井组大安寨段致密油灰岩储层的孔隙结构极为复杂,却是致密油勘探开发需要解决的关键问题。本文应用扫描电镜、氮气吸附、高压压汞、核磁共振来研究致密灰岩的孔隙结构。结果表明灰岩储层以狭缝型孔隙为主;介孔和宏孔是孔隙体积和比表面积主要贡献者,孔隙结构特征参数排驱压力、平均孔径、均质系数与孔隙度及渗透率相关性较好,可以综合应用于评价储层孔隙结构;将氮气吸附得到的孔径分布与高压压汞得到的孔径分布相结合构造全尺度孔径分布,发现储层主要发育2～50nm的介孔;基于幂函数转换方法,将T_2谱转换为孔径分布,转换结果与全尺度孔径分布的一致性较好,表明了T_2谱与孔径分布存在幂函数关系;T_2几何平均值与岩心全孔径孔隙结构参数具有相关性,可作为评价储层孔隙结构特征参数。 相似文献
9.
《地球物理学进展》2016,(1)
针对低孔渗储层渗透率主要受孔隙结构影响致使利用常规孔隙度和束缚水饱和度等参数预测渗透率精度低的难题,依据低孔渗岩石孔隙中流体渗流的特点,考虑岩石孔隙空间中对流体渗流贡献最大的那一部分孔隙,引入有效流动孔隙概念,以提高低孔渗岩石渗透率计算精度.考虑岩性、物性、电性变化,设计岩石物理实验,根据压汞实验数据计算岩样对应不同孔隙半径的进汞孔隙度与渗透率之间的相关系数,制作相关系数与孔隙半径交会图,将相关系数达到某一值(如0.8)对应的孔隙半径确定为有效流动孔隙半径下限,其对应的进汞孔隙度确定为有效流动孔隙度实验分析值.依据水流与电流流动相似性原理,从导电角度推导有效流动孔隙度的计算公式.对于含水低孔渗泥质岩石,将束缚水和粘土水看成不导电干骨架,采用能够描述孔喉比的等效岩石元素模型推导出只有可动水孔隙存在的低孔渗岩石地层因素的公式;根据有效流动孔隙的含义,只有可动水孔隙存在的低孔渗岩石的有效流动孔隙可以等效为具有相同岩石体积和地层因素且由骨架和弯曲毛细管组成的岩石结构中的毛管孔隙,根据弯曲毛管模型推导出地层因素与有效流动孔隙度关系式,结合两式可得到有效流动孔隙度的表达式.根据实验数据采用最优化方法确定公式中参数,从而给出有效流动孔隙度计算式.统计有效流动孔隙度实验值与岩心分析渗透率关系,回归得到低孔渗泥质岩石渗透率的计算式.对B区X1、X2井低孔渗储层进行处理,从实际应用效果方面证实该方法提高了低孔渗泥质储层渗透率计算精度. 相似文献
10.
对于低孔-特低孔、低渗-特低渗且非均质性强的储层,其往往处于自然产能临界点附近,单靠孔隙度已无法对其物性进行准确评价,因此需要在对渗透率进行准确计算的基础上,才能进一步展开产能评价与预测等工作.然而,由于储层非均质性强、常规测井曲线影响因素多且复杂、海上钻井数少导致样本点缺乏等因素,运用常规测井曲线进行渗透率计算往往不能取得很好的效果.基于T_2和毛管压力转换的方法,利用了核磁共振可以全井段连续测量和毛管压力曲线可以反映孔喉结构的优势,在渗透率的计算方面取得了突破,该方法经过多年的发展,已经成为了一种较为成熟的渗透率计算方法,但对于该方法的研究,有一个问题却往往被忽视了:即T_2谱和毛管压力曲线所反映的孔喉半径r是否是同一个物理量?两者之间的相互转换是否是有先决条件的?对于这一问题,本文在对两者实验原理进行分析的基础上,使用了将恒速压汞孔喉分布和核磁共振T_2谱进行对比的方法,总结得到了两者各自反映的孔喉半径r的内涵,证实了两者之间相互转换存在先决条件——稳定的孔喉半径比,并在对沉积环境、成岩作用精细分析的前提下,选取了孔隙度这一宏观参数作为分类标准,将储层划分为多个具有相对稳定孔喉半径比的区间后,再进行T_2-毛管压力的相互转换和渗透率的求取.经证实,运用这种方法计算出来的渗透率,可以更好地体现出储层的非均质性,并且与产能特征具有更好的一致性. 相似文献
11.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
12.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(9)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in 相似文献
13.
In natural waters arsenic concentrations up to a few milligrams per litre were measured. The natural content of arsenic found in soils varies between 0.01 mg/kg and a few hundred milligrams per kilogram. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the environment are the smelting of ores, the burning of coal, and the use of arsenic compounds in many products and production processes in the past. A lot of arsenic compounds are toxic and cause acute and chronic poisoning. In aqueous environment the inorganic arsenic species arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the most abundant species. The mobility of these species is influenced by the pH value, the redox potential, and the presence of adsorbents such as oxides and hydroxides of Fe(III), Al(III), Mn(III/IV), humic substances, and clay minerals. 相似文献
14.
15.
Due to deleterious effects on non-target organisms, the use of organotin compounds on boat hulls of small vessels (<25 m) has been widely prohibited. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolved that the complete prohibition on organotin compounds acting as biocides in antifouling systems should commence in 2008. As a result of restrictions on the use of organotin based paints, other antifouling formulations containing organic biocides have been utilised. This survey was conducted to assess the contamination of replacement biocides in the marine environment following the ban of TBT-based paints. Surface sediments samples were collected in the major ports and marinas along the France Mediterranean coastline (Cote d’Azur) and analysed for organotin compounds, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211TM, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid and Folpet. Every port and marina exhibited high levels of organotin compounds, with concentrations in sediments ranging from 37 ng Sn g−1dry wt in Menton Garavan to over 4000 ng Sn g−1dry wt close to the ship chandler within the port of Villefranche-sur-Mer. TBT degradation indexes suggested that fresh inputs are still made. Among the other antifoulants monitored, only Irgarol 1051 exhibited measurable concentrations in almost every port, with concentrations ranging from 40 ng g−1dry wt (Cannes) to almost 700 ng g−1dry wt (Villefranche-sur-Mer, ship chandler). 相似文献
16.
Ian R. Falconer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):64-71
Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by a range of cyanobacterial genera. These cyanobacteria occur naturally in drinking water reservoirs subject to eutrophication, and in rivers and natural lakes. Because of the diversity of organisms, the toxins occur, from oligo‐mesotrophic lakes in North Temperate latitudes, to hypertrophic tropical ponds. The toxins are responsible for numerous cases of injury and death of domestic animals, and human poisoning from drinking water. The initial poisoning includes hepatic cell death. This leads to secondary effects from liver deficiency, including jaundice and photosensitisation. The toxic effects are largely due to inhibition of phosphatase enzymes, acting to regulate protein phosphorylation. The consequences include structural damage, apoptosis and, at lower concentrations, cell cycle effects and tumour promotion. As there is no clear evidence for direct carcinogenesis by microcystins, they are classed as non‐carcinogenic toxins in drinking water. Guideline Values for safe drinking water are derived from data for subchronic rodent toxicity, using the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (the highest dose giving no toxicity). To this dose are applied uncertainty factors, to calculate a Tolerable Daily Intake. On the basis of a standard bodyweight and water consumption the Guideline Value is determined for drinking water. For microcystin‐LR the WHO have set a provisional Guideline Value of 1 μg/L for drinking water. 相似文献
17.
The geomagnetic field and secular variation exhibit asymmetrical spatial features which are possibly originating from an heterogeneous thermal control of the Earth's lower mantle on the core. The identification of this control in magnetic data is subject to several difficulties, some of which can be alleviated by the use of core surface flow models. Using numerical dynamos driven by heterogeneous boundary heat flux, we confirm that within the parameter space accessible to simulations, time average surface flows obey a simple thermal wind equilibrium between the Coriolis and buoyancy forces, the Lorentz, inertial and viscous forces playing only a secondary role, even for Elsasser numbers significantly larger than 1. Furthermore, we average the models over the duration of three vortex turnovers, and correlate them with a longer time average which fully reveals the signature of boundary heterogeneity. This allows us to quantify the possibility of observing mantle control in core surface flows averaged over a short time period. A scaling analysis is performed in order to apply the results to the Earth's core. We find that three vortex turnovers could represent between 100 and 360 years of Earth time, and that the heat flux heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary could be large enough to yield an observable signature of thermal mantle control in a time average core surface flow within reach of the available geomagnetic data. 相似文献
18.
M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
20.
《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献