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应用了小波变换理论,对2005年林甸地震的前兆数据进行分析,研究在不同尺度下前兆数据的细节变化。结果表明,小波变换的多尺度分析方法将前兆数据分解成若干频段,容易识别和提取原始测值中不易分辨的震前异常,提高了识别前兆数据异常的能力。 相似文献
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基于Daubechies小波分析的南京数字化钻孔形变震前变化特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用小波分析理论及其时频分析方法,阐述了高低频信息的识别和小波基的选取,并对南京地区2006—2012年数字化应变观测整点值资料进行了小波多分辨率分析。结果表明,六合台体应变小波分解7—9阶是频率最低的部分,异常信号的周期在24—30天左右,持续时间在1—2个月之间,具有明显的短期、临震异常特征;江宁台四分量应变的整点观测值的第9阶小波分解表明,在发生2次地震前,四分量中至少有3个方向的分量出现了明显的异常情况,这种异常周期通常在20—30天左右,其与高淳台的异常周期时间相当,它可能是地震的前兆信号。 相似文献
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营口地震台是全国钻孔应变观测台站中极少数同时拥有两台套分量钻孔应变同时运行的台站,两台仪器同时运行已4年多,观测资料基本完整。我们要以台站使用的预处理系统为基础,依据现有的观测资料进行对比观测分析,通过中国地震台网前兆管理系统和预处理系统对观测数据进行处理、分析和提取,并使用MAPSIS对观测数据进行进一步分析数据的自检和异常特性,查找一致性和区别,利用数学方法识别和提取,总结两种仪器的观测特征和异常信号区别,分析两套仪器的观测差异,从而提高观测质量和钻孔应变在地震监测中的重要作用。 相似文献
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张掖MS 5.0级地震前,高台分量式钻孔应变出现了显著的异常变化,排除供电、调零、气压等影响观测数据的干扰因素,研究发现该异常可能是地震前兆异常.利用离散小波分解、超限率、应变变化过程和方位角变化等分析方法提取异常,综合分析发现:NE分量和NW分量出现了破年变低值异常,NE分量较往年最低点达到-64745.46×10-8,超出同期2013—2018年年变均值54.38％,NW分量数据最低点达到最低值-65663.8×10-8,最大超出同期2013—2018年年变均值17.68％;求解(ε1,ε2,φ)后,半长轴ε2持续缓慢增大,半短轴ε1加速增大张力增强,达到最大值26814.1×10-8,后张力加速减小至6441.6×10-8,震后应力逐步恢复至同期均值大小.方位角φ出现大幅偏转;替换量的差分曲线、小波分解曲线、超限率曲线在4月至8月出现明显毛刺增加现象.地震前兆异常明显,异常信息可靠. 相似文献
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我国钻孔应力-应变地震前兆监测台网的现状 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10
当今的地震成因理论表明：地震是地应力（应变）积累到一定程度，使断层滑动而发生的。由此可见地应力－应变观测的重要性。我国的钻孔应力－应变地震前兆监测网，是全国地震前兆监测台网的一个组成部分。观测对象包括：体应变，分量应变，分量应力和钻孔应力－应变差应变。文章通过分析调查结果，比较详细地介绍了我国的钻孔应力－应变地震前兆监测台网的现状。 相似文献
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1前兆资料预处理和前兆中高频短临信息提取
资料预处理主要包括原始数据整理,消除年变,提取反映地震孕育短临阶段的中高频信息,并进行时间序列的标准化和信息化,信息化处理后的时间序列更有效反应强震孕育的短期或临震前兆高频短临信息.孕震前兆中高频短临信息的识别与前兆趋势异常的识别有实质的不同,前兆趋势异常反映的是孕震前期或中期的中、长趋势打破常规的异常变化,而孕震前兆中高频短临信息则反映的是强震进入临震阶段地壳应力、应变在震前处于一种临界的失稳状态.强震的孕育-发生-发展的全过程中震源区和外围地区的应力-应变状态都会发生相应变化,强震的震时和震后短时间内产生的中高频信息可能往往比强震孕育到临震阶段产生的前兆中高频信息要丰富,也就是说已发强震产生的震时和震后高频信息可能往往强于前兆中高频短临信息,因而在识别孕震前兆中高频短临信息时,必须排除强震产生的震时和震后的中高频信息,即在做前兆中高频短临信息时间序列曲线时,必须滤除前期已发强震产生的震时和震后的中高频信息,这样才能从前兆观测资料中提取出反映出地震孕育进入破裂阶段的前兆中高频短临信息. 相似文献
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Kefayati Sadegh Baghbanan Alireza Torkan Masoud Hashemolhosseini Hamid Dehnavi Roohollah Narimani 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2020,19(4):937-951
Uncertainty in input fracture geometric parameters during analysis of the stability of jointed rock slopes is inevitable and therefore the stochastic discrete fracture network (DFN) — distinct element method (DEM) is an efficient modeling tool. In this research, potentially unstable conditions are detected in the right abutment of the Karun 4 dam and downstream of the dam body as a case study. Two extreme states with small and relatively large block sizes are selected and a series of numerical DEM models are generated using a number of validated DFN models. Stability of the rock slope is assessed in both static and dynamic loading states. Based on the design basis earthquake (DBE) and maximum credible earthquake (MCE) expected in the dam site, histories of seismic waves are applied to analyze the stability of the slope in dynamic earthquake conditions. The results indicate that a MCE is likely to trigger sliding of rock blocks on the rock slope major joint. Furthermore, the dynamic analysis also shows a local block failure by the DBE, which can consequently lead to slope instability over the long term. According to the seismic behavior of the two models, larger blocks are prone to greater instability and are less safe against earthquakes.
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本文分析讨论了实验地震学研究中很少论及的岩石破裂和破坏的很大差异，指出仅以岩石破坏实验模拟地震特别是前兆研究存在诸多不足.建议以岩石破裂来模拟地震特别是前兆研究，由此可给出较为完整的地震活动图像.岩石破坏前兆已研究的相当多，但大破裂前则未必出现如破坏那样的前兆.大破裂前兆特征比破坏前兆更能反映地震前兆的复杂性，其识别更难，更符合实际.同时议及以岩样的整体黏滑模拟地震研究特别是前兆研究的不足.建议加强对局部现象——大破裂（或黏滑）的前兆特征、预测方法的深入仔细研究. 相似文献
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Seismicity is known to contribute to landscape denudation through its role in earthquake‐triggered slope failure; but little is known about how the intensity of seismic ground motions, and therefore triggering of slope failures, may change through time. Topography influences the intensity of seismic shaking – generally steep slopes amplify shaking more than flatter slopes – and because glacial erosion typically steepens and enlarges slopes, glaciation may increase the intensity of seismic shaking of some landforms. However, the effect of this may be limited until after glaciers retreat because valley ice or ice‐caps may damp seismic ground motions. Two‐dimensional numerical models (FLAC 6.0) were used to explore how edifice shape, rock stiffness and various levels of ice inundation affect edifice shaking intensity. The modelling confirmed that earthquake shaking is enhanced with steeper topography and at ridge crests but it showed for the first time that total inundation by ice may reduce shaking intensity at hill crests to about 20–50% of that experienced when no ice is present. The effect is diminished to about 80–95% if glacier ice level reduces to half of the mountain slope height. In general, ice cover reduced shaking most for the steepest‐sided edifices, for wave frequencies higher than 3 Hz, and when ice was thickest and the rock had shear stiffness well in excess of the stiffness of ice. If rock stiffness is low and shear‐wave velocity is similar to that of ice, the presence of ice may amplify the shaking of rock protruding above the ice surface. The modelling supports the idea that topographic amplification of earthquake shaking increases as a result of glacial erosion and deglaciation. It is possible that the effect of this is sufficient to have influenced the distribution of post‐glacial slope failures in glaciated seismically active areas. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The glacial process of cirque initiation, whereby small initial hillslope hollows grow by nivation until snow can form glacier ice, and ice motion then enlarges the hollow to a fully developed cirque, appears to have difficulty explaining the creation of large cirques in the time available during Quaternary glaciations, at the rates at which glaciers are reported to erode rock, and in rapidly uplifting mountain ranges. It also has difficulty explaining the striking proliferation of cirques in Fiordland, South Island, New Zealand, an area of harder rock and less glaciation than the nearby cirque‐poor area of South Westland. Here we show that cirques can be initiated as large, deep‐seated, often coseismic rock slope failure source area depressions in which snow may accumulate to form cirque glaciers, which can then remove detritus from, smooth, and enlarge the cirque. We present an example of a classically shaped cirque that has never held a glacier. We show that many similarities between the locations, sizes and shapes of rock slope failure source area depressions and cirques are understandable on this basis, as is the occurrence of cirques in presently aseismic intraplate locations and their relative paucity in actively uplifting ranges. The extent to which cirques may be of mass movement origin has implications for their value as palaeoclimatic indicators. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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地震作用下节理岩质边坡稳定性影响因素研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汶川地震灾害调查表明,在基岩山区地震滑塌主要发育在局部强度相对较大、节理较发育的厚层或块状岩体中.以岩石中含两组节理的岩质边坡为例,输入实际的地震记录,采用离散单元法进行数值模拟,分别探讨坡高、地震烈度、坡角及节理倾角组合对节理岩质边坡稳定性的影响.结果表明:地震作用下坡体中质点的加速度、速度具有高程放大效应;节理岩质边坡稳定性随着坡高、坡角和地震烈度的增加而降低;两组节理不同组合的岩质边坡,其稳定性变化较为复杂,受节理倾角与坡角的关系、节理的倾向、两组节理之间夹角等因素的影响.节理岩质边坡在地震作用下是受拉区逐渐向受剪区扩展而最终导致边坡失稳破坏,是受拉和受剪的复合破坏.上述初步结论为评价山区节理较发育的岩质边坡在地震作用下的稳定性提供一定的依据. 相似文献
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某些大震前本溪井水位会出现固体潮畸变现象,其出现时间与地震前驱波十分相似。多在震前一个星期以内,而其形态和到时也较为清晰。本文分析探讨了水位固体潮畸变的形态与特点、与震前水位趋势性异常及同震阶跃现象的关系,引起水位固体潮畸变的其它干扰因素排除方法,并对进一步利用多井震前固体潮畸变资料进行震前定位的可行性做了初步的分析和探讨。 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2023,3(1):100202
Relative seismic velocity change (dv/v) is important for monitoring changes in subsurface material properties and evaluating earthquake-induced rock slope damage in a geological disaster-prone region. In this paper, we present a rapid damage assessment on three slow-moving rock slopes by measuring dv/v decrease caused by the 2022 ?MS 6.8 Luding earthquake in Southwest China. By applying the stretching method to the cross-correlated seismic wavefields between sensors installed on each slope, we obtain earthquake-induced dv/v decreases of ～2.1%, ～0.5%, and ～0.2% on three slopes at distances ranging from ～86 to ～370 ?km to the epicenter, respectively. Moreover, based on seismic data recorded by 16 sensors deployed on the rock slope at a distance of ～370 ?km away from the epicenter, a localized dv/v decease region was observed at the crest of the slope by calculating the spatial dv/v images before and after the earthquake. We also derive an empirical in situ stress sensitivity of ?7.29?10?8/Pa by relating the dv/v change to the measured peak dynamic stresses. Our results indicate that a rapid dv/v assessment not only can help facilitate on-site emergency response to earthquake-induced secondary geological disasters but also can provide a better understanding of the subsurface geological risks under diverse seismic loadings. 相似文献