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运用随机函数理论将地震释放能量作为地震活动场的基本要素,采用自然正交函数展开方法系统研究了2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震前震中区域地震活动能量场的时空特征。结果表明：地震前能量场的前4个主要特征值对应的典型能量场时间因子出现明显上升变化,可能是中短期时间异常特征;而主要典型场的空间等值线形成局部能量高值异常危险区,可能是中短期空间异常特征。最后分析不同时间段研究区域均值能量场空间变化图像,显示出岷县漳县6.6级地震前震中确实存在长期的能量场高值危险区背景,短期的能量场均值异常显著变化;宁夏南部及邻区也存在长期的能量场高值危险区背景,只是短期的能量场均值异常不明显,未来几年或稍长时间也存在发生强震的可能。 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震区域地震能量场分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
将地震活动作为随机场,将地震释放能量作为地震活动场的基本要素,采用自然正交函数(或称经验正交函数)展开方法,讨论了2008年汶川8.0级地震前区域地震活动能量场的时间和空间特征.结果表明,在汶川8.0级地震前能量场的几个主要特征值对应的特征向量(典型场)的时间权重因子出现了非常突出的上升或下降异常变化,主要典型场的空间图像也显示出一些异常分布特征,可作为地震预测的一种异常指标.笔者认为该方法是一种值得进一步探讨的地震活动性预测方法. 相似文献
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本文将地震释放能量作为地震活动场的基本要素, 采用自然正交函数展开方法, 系统研究2014年景谷6.6级地震震中区域地震活动能量场的时空特征。 结果表明, 景谷6.6级地震前能量场的前4个主要特征值对应的典型能量场时间因子都出现明显上升变或下降异常, 空间等值线形成局部能量高值异常危险区, 可能是景谷 6.6级地震空间异常的中短期特征。 我们还进一步研究了景谷6.6级地震前后空间异常随时间的演变, 给出了异常发展变化模式, 最后应用研究地震资料的累积次数从物理角度解释异常形成的机制。 相似文献
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分析2013年2—5月芦山地震震中区域长波辐射涡度场空间演化特征,结果显示,在芦山7.0级地震前存在涡度场明显增强的异常现象,2009—2013年同期并未出现。这一震例再次证明,在部分大震前OLR存在异常增强的变化。 相似文献
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许多学者认为2008年汶川8级地震可能对龙门山断裂带及其周围不同断裂带上后续发生的6级以上地震有一定的影响.本文以地震应变场作为地震活动的变量,通过自然正交函数展开方法,研究2008年以来龙门山断裂带周围5次6级以上地震前的地震应变场,提取出震前应变场时空异常的变化.结果表明:(1)2008年汶川8.0级地震前和2013年芦山7.0级地震前地震应变场时间因子分别出现明显的中短期异常和短临异常;而2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震前、2014年康定6.3级地震前和2017年九寨沟7.0级地震前地震应变场时间因子中短期异常不明显,分析其原因主要是受到2008年汶川8.0级地震应变场时间因子最大幅度异常的影响.(2)研究应变场时间因子对应的区域空间等值线变化,发现2009年以后地震应变场空间等值线高值异常区以及异常区周围发生的强震,均可能受到2008年汶川8.0级地震应变场的影响.(3)最后分析1970年以来龙门山断裂带周围地震应变的空间演化过程,总结强震应变变化特征的发震模式,从地震应变演变角度探讨强震之间的相互影响,以及断裂带所在块体间的相互牵制和调整作用. 相似文献
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2010年青海玉树7.1级地震能量场研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用自然正交函数展开方法,分析了2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震前震中周围区域和沿玉树断裂带地震能量场的时间变化.结果表明,青海玉树7.1级地震发生在高能量释放的背景上.震中周围区域几个主要典型场的时间因子以平稳变化为主要特征,但在地震发生前,主要典型场的时间因子出现明显的中短期异常变化,异常以尖点突跳为主要特点.第一个典型场的时间因子在震前3年出现大幅度异常,表现出相对于背景场能量增高的释放图像;其余典型场异常则表现出突出的短临异常特征,出现在震前1～3月,表现为大幅度短期异常变化.可能表明地震活动结构的变化出现得较早,而临震时场的变化主要表现为扰动.沿玉树断裂带主要典型场时间因子异常均出现在震前2～3年,可能表明孕震区场的异常变化也会较早出现.典型场时间因子异常特征与以往关于能量场方面开展的工作所得结果类似. 相似文献
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以地震应变场作为地震活动的变量，通过自然正交函数展开方法，计算2017年8月8日四川九寨沟7.0级地震前的地震应变场，提取出震前时间因子的异常变化。计算结果发现应变场前4个时间因子在震前1~3年的中短期异常并不显著，只有第2个和第4个时间因子震前有小幅度的异常变化，分析其原因，时间因子可能受到2008年汶川8.0级地震和2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震前大幅度异常的影响。与时间因子对应的空间等值线形成局部应变高值异常危险区，可能是2013年岷县漳县6.6级地震和2017年九寨沟7.0级地震空间异常的中短期特征。再对比九寨沟7.0级地震前后与松潘-平武7.2级双震的空间异常随时间演变，分析异常发展变化模式的差异，最后应用地震资料的累积频次从物理角度解释异常形成的机制。 相似文献
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利用川西地区2010-2012年期间的流动重力观测资料,系统分析了区域重力场变化及其与2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震发生的关系.结果主要表明:①区域重力场异常变化与北东向龙门山断裂带南段和北北西向马尔康断裂带在空间上关系密切,反映沿该两断裂带(段)在2010-2012年期间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的构造活动或变形.②芦山7.0级地震前,测区内出现了较大空间范围的区域性重力异常,而震源区附近产生了局部重力异常,沿龙门山断裂带南段形成了重力变化高梯度带,其中,宝兴、天全、康定、泸定、石棉一带重力差异变化达100×10-8m·s-2以上;这些可能反映芦山地震前,区域及震源区附近均产生与该地震孕育、发生有关的构造运动或应力增强作用.③重力场差分动态演化图像和重力场累积变化动态图像均反映芦山7.0级地震孕育过程的最后2~3年出现较显著的流动重力异常变化,可视为该地震的中期前兆信息;本文第一作者等也曾基于该流动重力异常变化在芦山7.0级地震前做过一定程度的中期预测,尤其是地点预测.本文的例子再次证明流动重力观测能较好地捕捉到强震孕育发生过程中,特别是该过程最后阶段的重力异常变化信息.因此,区域流动重力场观测对未来强震的中-长期预测,尤其是在发震地点的判定上具有优势. 相似文献
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分析2013年2-5月芦山地震震中区域长波辐射涡度场空间演化特征,结果显示,在芦山7．0级地震前存在涡度场明显增强的异常现象,2009-2013年同期并未出现。这一震例再次证明,在部分大震前OLR存在异常增强的变化。 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献