共查询到15条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
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《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(4)
基于日本K-NET和KiK-net强震台网获取的7635条浅壳和上地幔地震记录的统计分析,考虑阻尼比,谱周期点及场地类别的影响,采用最小二乘法建立竖向位移谱阻尼修正系数模型,并通过随机效应模型分离出模型残差及其标准差,探究各参数对模型随机误差的影响。研究表明:采用一个简单的阻尼比对数的二次式能很好的模拟阻尼比的影响;模型事件间残差与震级显著相关,事件内残差与震源距离的相关性较大;在周期0.6 s前,震源效应引起的随机误差小于其他效应引起的随机误差,但0.6 s后,场地效应引起的随机误差较其他效应引起的随机误差小;在整个周期上,路径效应与其他效应引起的随机误差占比大。文中的研究结果可直接用于调整不考虑震源及震源距的设计反应谱。 相似文献
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本文基于日本KiK-Net,K-Net台网及汶川地震中6 000余条浅壳与上地幔地震竖向加速度记录,分场地类型建立了包含阻尼比和谱周期两个参数的阻尼修正系数模型,用以调整无震级和震源距信息的设计谱。基于固定效应模型对阻尼修正系数对数值及阻尼比对数值的三次多项式进行线性回归得到模型表达式,基于随机效应模型对阻尼修正系数模型的残差及残差的标准差进行分离,分析震源、路径以及场地效应对模型误差的影响。研究结果表明:高阻尼长周期震源效应引起的残差大于其他效应引起的残差;场地效应引起的残差小于其他效应引起的残差。对模型残差的标准差及阻尼比对数值进行线性回归,回归方程易于计算模型残差的标准差。 相似文献
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我国台湾省和南海东部地区处于地质构造复杂和地震频发的俯冲带区域,这一地区的结构抗震设计影响着该地区的开发建设进程。为建立适用于该地区的俯冲带板间地震竖向加速度谱的阻尼修正系数模型,本文选用日本K-NET与KiK-net台网的3 552条俯冲带板间地震记录,分四类场地建立以阻尼比和谱周期为参数的阻尼修正系数模型,并分析其它未纳入模型的参数对误差的影响。结果表明：采用阻尼比对数的三次多项式表达式即可实现良好拟合;模型在短周期内的误差主要受场地效应与路径效应影响,在长周期和高阻尼比时误差主要受震源效应影响;分场地建立阻尼修正系数模型可有效降低场地效应产生的误差。本文的研究成果可用于求解俯冲带地区无震源效应与路径效应的竖向设计反应谱。 相似文献
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邢台地震区深部构造背景的地震转换波探测和研究 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14
1982-1986年期间,在东汪、隆尧和百尺口邢台地区的强震震源区完成了3条近NW向地震转换波测深剖面。利用转换波数据处理新方法,实现了转换震相的相位对比追踪,得出了震源区较详细的深部构造剖面图和速度结构模型。发现强震震源区深部构造的特点为:上地壳强烈褶皱变形;中地壳急剧减薄;下地壳和上地幔局部上隆;存在一组深部超壳断裂;低速层急剧增厚,波速比增大以及上地幔波速偏低。表明研究区的下地壳和上地幔的温度可能偏高,其地震活动可能与上地幔物质的侵入作用有关。 相似文献
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《地球物理学报》2021,64(7)
区域和全球地震定位越来越多地基于更接近实际的横向非均匀速度模型.速度模型主要来自于地震体波层析成像结果,分辨率不是很高.这样,模型宜于以稀疏网格剖分以减少计算时间和计算机内存需求.当剖分的模型单元较大时,基于射线追踪技术计算复杂介质地震定位中震源轨迹的方法——选取震源轨迹所经过单元节点(位于单元中心,称为震源轨迹节点)为轨迹参考点,利用最小走时树射线追踪方法计算绝对残差场中连接轨迹参考点的射线路径作为震源轨迹——计算结果误差较大,难以满足精定位需要.针对该问题,本文对其进行了改进:不将震源轨迹节点作为轨迹参考点,而是基于插值技术计算每个轨迹节点其法线点对(即该节点与其周围残差正负极性不同的相邻节点组成的点对中梯度绝对值最大的那对)间残差为零的点作为震源轨迹参考点.算例表明:和原方法相比,改进方法计算的震源轨迹更为精细,计算精度提高数十(线性插值)至数百倍(非线性插值),而计算效率基本保持在同一数量级,使利用震源轨迹进行直观、快速和高精度的区域或全球地震事件定位成为可能;壳幔界面反射纵波(PmP)对震源的约束和直达纵波(Pg)相似;同一台站PmP-Pg波到时差约束的震源轨迹对震源深度有很好的约束. 相似文献
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我国地震动预测及地震危险性分析通常仅考虑局部场地浅层岩土层对地震动的放大效应,不能考虑较大范围的地质条件影响,如沉积盆地厚沉积层对地震动的附加放大效应通常被忽略,造成盆地内地震动及地震危险性预测结果普遍被低估。本文以地震动观测记录数据充足的日本关东盆地为例,采用地震动残差分析方法评估盆地附加放大效应,分析覆盖层厚度、盆地内空间位置、震级、震源距对地震动放大效应的影响,建立关东盆地附加放大效应经验评估模型。分析表明:关东盆地附加放大效应与反应谱周期相关,整体上从短周期的1.0逐渐增大至周期为5s时的1.5,附加放大效应与覆盖层厚度相关性较小,主要受盆地空间位置和震源距的影响;盆地北部边缘及西北部地区附加放大效应更强烈,盆地南部附加放大效应较小,这可能与盆地边缘效应密切相关。本文建立的关东盆地附加放大效应经验模型略高于BSSA14和ASK14模型的放大效应预测。相关研究结果可用于我国地震动预测、下一代地震动区划图修订等。 相似文献
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《地震研究》2021,44(4)
为研究构造复杂的关东盆地及其周边地区的地震动衰减特性,根据地震震源机制解和Slab1.0模型,依据前人提出的日本地区地震构造类型划分方法给出所研究地震的构造类型,并依据地震构造类型及空间分布划分了3个研究区域。利用单步非参数化广义谱反演方法分析了3个区域的地震动衰减特性。结果表明:区域Ⅰ中发生于陆地的浅地壳地震的地震动路径衰减较弱,远距离处近似不出现路径衰减,频率相关的非弹性衰减较弱,品质因子Q=92.33f~( 1.87);区域Ⅱ中,发生于陆地的上地幔地震的地震动路径衰减的下降速率随距离增大而增大,频率相关的非弹性衰减较强,Q=27.75f~( 1.08);区域Ⅲ中,发生于近海的浅层地壳和上地幔地震的地震动路径衰减兼具区域Ⅰ、Ⅱ的衰减属性,Q=58.07f~( 0.89)。 相似文献
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Existing empirical models for estimating liquefaction-induced lateral spread displacement (DLL) have been derived from a dataset poorly distributed with respect to earthquake magnitude and source distance, and also produced from different tectonic source types and faulting mechanisms. Both the poor distribution and mixed tectonic source types and faulting mechanisms of the data have an adverse impact on the reliability of the empirical models. To overcome these problems in the development of empirical models, we replace the direct use of magnitude and source distance with pseudo-displacement derived from spectral acceleration attenuation models that are well supported by earthquake data, and use a modification factor to account for effects of the non-linear soil response. Attenuation models derived from very large and reasonably well-balanced datasets have been selected, one being a Japanese attenuation model and other being a combination of the Sadigh et al. model and the Youngs et al. model. These models are capable of accounting for the effects of earthquake tectonic source type and faulting mechanism. We determined the model coefficients by selecting the pseudo-displacements calculated for a number of spectral periods to achieve an unbiased distribution of residuals with respect to earthquake magnitude and source distance. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out based on the new and existing models, and show that the new model is more robust than the existing models. Comparison with a limited number of data from the 1997 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake suggests our model provides comparable liquefaction-induced lateral displacement DLL estimates. 相似文献
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We investigate a special type of variability in response spectral amplification ratios computed from numerical “engineering” models for a soft soil site. The engineering models are defined by shallow soil layers over “engineering” bedrock with a shear-wave velocity over 600–700 m/s and the model is subjected to vertical propagating shear waves. The variability, perhaps unique in earthquake engineering, is a result of the “perfectly accurate” computational procedure. For example, an engineering soil site model, subjected to two rock site records or the two horizontal components of a rock site record, produces different response spectral amplification ratios. We use a large number of strong-motion records from “engineering” rock sites, with a reasonably balanced distribution with respect to magnitude and source distance, generated by subduction earthquakes in Japan, to investigate the nature of the variability. In order to avoid any approximation in removing the effect of soil nonlinear response, we use a simple model, a single horizontal soil layer over a bedrock, modelled as elastic. We then demonstrate that a similar type of variability observed in the one- or two-dimensional nonlinear soil models is caused by the nature of response spectral amplification ratios, not a direct result of soil nonlinear response. Examination of variability reveals that the average of response spectral amplification ratios systematically depends on both earthquake magnitude and source distance. We find that, at periods much longer than the site natural periods of the soil sites, the scatter of the amplification ratios decreases with increasing magnitude and source distance. These findings may have a potential impact in establishing design spectra for soft soil sites using strong-motion attenuation models or dynamic numerical modelling. 相似文献
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Our previous studies show that site effects (amplification of rock motions), source and path effects are coupled when response spectra are used to characterize the amplification ratios for a soil site modelled as nonlinear or elastic. The coupling is referred to as a “side effect” of using response spectral amplification ratios. In the present study we use a suite of rock site records, well distributed with respect to magnitude and source distance, from crustal, subduction interface and slab earthquakes to evaluate the response spectral amplification ratio for soft soil sites. We compare these side-effects for ground motions generated by three types of earthquakes, and we find that, at periods much shorter or much longer than the natural period of a soil site modelled as elastic, the average amplification ratios with respect to rock site ground motions from three types of earthquakes are moderately different and are very similar for other spectral periods. These differences are not statistically significant because of the moderately large scatter of the amplification ratios. However, the extent of magnitude- and source-distance-dependence of amplification ratios differs significantly. After the effects of magnitude and source distance on the amplification ratios are accounted for, the differences in amplification ratios between crustal and subduction earthquake records are very large in some particular combinations of source distance and magnitude range. These findings may have potential impact in establishing design spectra for soft soil sites using strong motion attenuation models or numerical modelling. 相似文献
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Damping modification factors (DMF) are used to adjust response spectral values corresponding to damping 5% of critical to other damping levels. Ground motions recorded are orderly grouped according to moment magnitude, site conditions and closest distance. Near-fault motion records with closest distance closer than 10 km are not included in this paper. Based on the classification, the effects of the three seismological parameters on the median DMF are investigated. Consequently, the influence of site class reduces with increasing earthquake magnitude, and the effect of closest distance generally can be neglected with closest distance closer than 100 km except for rock sites. Except for soft soil sites, moment magnitude has a more significant effect than closest distance and site conditions, and the median DMF from acceleration spectra are most sensitive to seismological parameters. For soft soil sites, the median DMF only vary a little with moment magnitude and closest distance. 相似文献
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This paper investigates damping modification factors in eastern Canada based on historical and simulated records compatible with seismic hazard in this region. Damping modification factors are characterized as a function of magnitude, distance, site condition, and damping ratio. Damping modification factors corresponding to historical and simulated ground motions on rock sites are shown to exhibit the same trends for all damping levels. In addition to period dependency of damping modification factors, we demonstrate their sensitivity to magnitude variations at longer periods. The effect of distance is shown to be less pronounced. It is also observed that soil conditions affect damping modification factors at short as well as longer periods. Period-dependent equations are proposed for practical assessment of damping modification factors corresponding to damping ratios between 1 and 40%, considering different magnitude–distance combinations and soil conditions representative of seismic hazard in eastern Canada. 相似文献