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应用Jeanne L.Hardebeck和Peter M.Shearer编制的利用P波初动和振幅比计算地震震源机制解的程序,使用九江-瑞昌流动地震台观测的地震资料,初步计算了九江-瑞昌地震余震的震源机制;并对单独利用P波初动和利用初动及振幅比这两种计算方法进行了比较.综合最优计算结果,九江-瑞昌地震余震震源机制解为:走向174°,倾角62°,滑动角43°. 相似文献
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应用Jeanne L.Hardebeck和Peter M.Shearer编制的利用P波初动和振幅比计算地震震源机制解的程序,使用九江—瑞昌流动地震台观测的地震资料,初步计算了九江—瑞昌地震余震的震源机制;并对单独利用P波初动和利用初动及振幅比这两种计算方法进行了比较。综合最优计算结果,九江—瑞昌地震余震震源机制解为:走向174°,倾角62°,滑动角43°。 相似文献
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20世纪 80年代以来 ,一些地震工作者提出了用地震波形记录测定小地震震源机制解的方法 .Kisslinger(1 980 )以及 Julian和 Foulger(1 996 )提出利用短周期 P,S波振幅比确定震源机制解的方法 ;Schwartz(1 995 )提出利用初动资料和对速度结构变化不灵敏地震包络振幅的测定方法 .但是 ,频率高于几赫的地震波振幅 ,对地震波传播途径上的速度和 Q值结构的三维变化是相当敏感的 .上述方法得到的结果仍可能受速度和 Q值结构不均匀性的明显影响 . Horiuchi等 1提出一种方法 ,如震源集中在一个小区域 ,可以假设这些地震的震源到某个地震台站的路… 相似文献
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选取鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(38.5°—42.0°N,109.5°—116.0°E)2008年1月—2018年4月144个ML≥2.5地震事件,利用振幅比和P波初动联合求解震源机制解的方法(FOCMEC方法),得到鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(晋冀蒙交界区域)地震震源机制解。利用阻尼区域应力反演方法(MSATSI软件)将研究区域分为1°×1°的地壳应力场,得到了应力场图像。结果显示,鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(晋冀蒙交界区域)震源机制解主要类型是正断型和走滑型,应力状态以拉张为主,局部区域存在剪切作用,最大水平主应力方位主要为NE向。 相似文献
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应用垂直向P波和SV波振幅比和联合利用P波、SV波和SH波的初动和振幅比两种计算震源机制解的方法,得到郯庐断裂带安徽段及邻近地区1970年以来239次中小地震的震源机制解;基于震源机制解,根据力轴张量计算法反演得到郯庐断裂带安徽段及其两个分段的平均构造应力场,与震源机制参数统计结果一致,表现为近EW向的水平挤压和近NS向的水平拉张作用;分析最大主压应力轴σ1的方位角随时间变化特征,结果表明郯庐断裂带安徽段两个分段的σ1的方位角总体变化趋势一致,均呈现出1998年前后由顺时针偏转转折至逆时针偏转。 相似文献
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2010年1月24日山西河津-万荣Ms4.8地震特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析2010年1月24日山西河津-万荣Ms4.8地震序列特征,利用P波初动及振幅比和波形反演CAP两种方法计算震源机制解,结合本次地震的地质构造和历史地震活动背景、震源机制、余震分布、极震区长轴方向等分析,结果表明,隐伏的西辛封断裂为发震构造的可能性较大. 相似文献
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动态遗传算法及其在P波初动震源机制解中的应用 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用动态遗传算法对Ｐ波初动震源机制解进行反演计算，并与前人常用的反演计算方法对比，认为遗传算法在Ｐ波初动 震源机制解中的应用是有很有效的。 相似文献
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渤海M油田区浅层多发育低幅构造,低幅构造区的地震数据对常规层析成像不够敏感,导致常规速度反演方法很难保证低幅构造速度建模的准确性,从而给时深转换工作带来较大误差.本文提出一种小尺度网格层析速度建模方法,该方法基于低幅构造的薄层信息,在有薄层信息的地层加密网格分布,从而实现根据地质条件划分网格的策略,进而通过解析矩阵方程实现速度模型的迭代更新.通过实际数据应用证明,对于渤海M油田利用本文提出的高精度网格层析速度建模方法是有效可行的,该方法能够有效提高低幅构造区速度建模的精度,利用该方法得到的速度模型能够大幅提高时深转换的精度,从而指导构造解释及成图工作. 相似文献
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Measurements of translation, rotation and strain: new approaches to seismic processing and inversion
We propose a novel approach to seismic tomography based on the joint processing of translation, strain and rotation measurements. Our concept is based on the apparent S and P velocities, defined as the ratios of displacement velocity and rotation amplitude, and displacement velocity and divergence amplitude, respectively. To assess the capability of these new observables to constrain various aspects of 3D Earth structure, we study their corresponding finite-frequency kernels, computed with a combination of spectral-element simulations and adjoint techniques. The principal conclusion is that both the apparent S and P velocities are generally sensitive only to small-scale near-receiver structure, irrespective of the type of seismic wave considered. It follows that knowledge of deeper Earth structure would not be required in tomographic inversions for local structure based on the new observables. In a synthetic finite-perturbation test, we confirm the ability of the apparent S and P velocities to directly detect both the location and the sign of shallow lateral velocity variations. 相似文献
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通过融合Gassmann方程和由微分等效介质理论建立的干岩石骨架模型--DEM解析模型,本文提出根据纵波(和横波)速度反演岩石等效孔隙纵横比进行储层孔隙结构评价和横波速度预测的方法.首先,利用Gassmann方程和DEM解析模型建立岩石的纵、横波速度与密度、孔隙度、饱和度和矿物组分等各参数之间的关系;其次,将岩石孔隙等效为具有单一纵横比的理想椭球孔,应用非线性全局寻优算法来寻找最佳的等效孔隙纵横比使得理论预测与实际测量的弹性模量之间的误差最小;最后,将反演得到的等效孔隙纵横比代入到Gassmann方程和DEM解析模型中构建横波速度.实验室和井孔测量数据应用表明,反演得到的等效孔隙纵横比可准确反映储层的孔隙结构,对于裂缝型储层如花岗岩,其孔隙纵横比通常小于0.025,而对于孔隙型储层如砂岩,其孔隙纵横比通常大于0.08.只利用纵波与同时利用纵、横波反演得到的孔隙纵横比结果几乎完全一致,而且由纵波构建的横波与实测横波吻合良好,说明本文提出的等效孔隙纵横比反演及其横波速度预测方法是有效的. 相似文献
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This study extracted some P-wave features from the first few seconds of vertical ground acceleration of a single station. These features include the predominant period, peak acceleration amplitude, peak velocity amplitude, peak displacement amplitude, cumulative absolute velocity and integral of the squared velocity. The support vector regression was employed to establish a regression model which can predict the peak ground acceleration according to these features. Some representative earthquake records of the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program from 1992 to 2006 were used to train and validate the support vector regression model. Then the constructed model was tested using the whole earthquake records of the same period as well as the 2010 Kaohsiung earthquake with 6.4 ML. The effects on the performance of the regression models using different P-wave features and different length of time window to extract these features are studied. The results illustrated that, if the first 3 s of the vertical ground acceleration was used, the standard deviation of the predicted peak ground acceleration error of the whole tested 15-years earthquake records is 20.89 gal.The length of time window could be shortened, e.g. 1 s, and the prediction error is slightly sacrificed, in order to prolong the lead-time before destructive S-waves reaches. 相似文献
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地球物理反演浅地表土层波速剖面通常基于初始速度结构模型，为避免对地勘资料产生较多依赖，充分利用地震和背景噪声等被动源观测记录，快速简便地构建出土层反演的初始模型，本文基于场地土层的频散曲线和水平与竖向谱比提出了一种改进半波长法。该方法首先通过水平与竖向谱比确定场地土层的卓越频率，获取场地覆盖层厚度，确定反演所需的频带范围；其次，利用瑞雷波相速度对剪切波速的偏导数随土层深度的变化规律反演出场地的初始速度结构，并结合工程场地勘探中的半波长法，对常见的三类典型土层模型和日本Kushiro场地实测模型进行了实例分析；最后，将反演得到的速度结构与理论或实测速度结构进行误差对比分析。结果表明:改进半波长法获得的初始速度结构相对于理论或实测速度结构的最大误差不超过35%，可为利用地球物理方法反演工程场地波速剖面构造一个较小的搜索模型空间，进而提高反演计算的速度和结果的可靠性。 相似文献
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A model of the wave and current boundary‐layer structure was developed using the k–ε turbulent closure model. The finite‐difference method was used to solve the governing equations. Vertical logarithmic grids and equal time steps were adopted. The following modelled simulations were obtained: (1) vertical profiles of wave velocity amplitude, eddy viscosity coefficient and turbulent kinetic energy with waves only; (2) vertical profiles of wave velocity amplitude, mean current velocity, eddy viscosity coefficient and turbulent kinetic energy with waves having a following current. To test the validity and the rationality of the present model, vertical profiles of modelled wave velocity amplitude and mean velocity were compared with corresponding experimental results available in the literature. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The effects of soil‐structure interaction (SSI) are often studied using two‐dimensional (2D) or axisymmetric three‐dimensional (3D) models to avoid the high cost of the more realistic, fully 3D models, which require 2 to 3 orders of magnitude more computer time and storage. This paper analyzes the error and presents correction factors for system frequency, system damping, and peak amplitude of structural response computed using impedances for linear in‐plane 2D models with rectangular foundations, embedded in uniform or layered half‐space. They are computed by comparison with results for 3D rectangular foundations with the same vertical cross‐section and different aspect ratios. The structure is represented by a single degree‐of‐freedom oscillator. Correction factors are presented for a range of the model parameters. The results show that in‐plane 2D approximations overestimate the SSI effects, exaggerating the frequency shift, the radiation damping, and the reduction of the peak amplitude. The errors are larger for stiffer, taller, and heavier structures, deeper foundations, and deeper soil layer. For example, for a stiff structure like Millikan library (NS response; length‐to‐width ratio ≈ 1), the error is 6.5% in system frequency, 44% in system damping, and 140% in peak amplitude. The antiplane 2D approximation has an opposite effect on system frequency and the same effect on system damping and peak relative response. Linear response analysis of a case study shows that the NEHRP‐2015 provisions for reduction of base shear force due to SSI may be unsafe for some structures. The presented correction factor diagrams can be used in practical design and other applications. 相似文献
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Frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offset offers an effective method for hydrocarbon detections and analysis of fluid flow during production of oil and natural gas within a fractured reservoir. An appropriate representation for the frequency dependency of seismic amplitude variation with offset signatures should incorporate influences of dispersive and attenuating properties of a reservoir and the layered structure for either isotropic or anisotropic dispersion analysis. In this study, we use an equivalent medium permeated with aligned fractures that simulates frequency-dependent anisotropy, which is sensitive to the filled fluid of fractures. The model, where pores and fractures are filled with two different fluids, considers velocity dispersion and attenuation due to mesoscopic wave-induced fluid flow. We have introduced an improved scheme seamlessly linking rock physics modelling and calculations for frequency-dependent reflection coefficients based on the propagator matrix technique. The modelling scheme is performed in the frequency-slowness domain and can properly incorporate effects of both bedded structure of the reservoir and velocity dispersion quantified with frequency-dependent stiffness. Therefore, for a dispersive and attenuated layered model, seismic signatures represent a combined contribution of impedance contrast, layer thickness, anisotropic dispersion of the fractured media and tuning and interference of thin layers, which has been avoided by current conventional methods. Frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offset responses was studied via considering the influences of fracture fills, layer thicknesses and fracture weaknesses for three classes amplitude variation with offset reservoirs. Modelling results show the applicability of the introduced procedure for interpretations of frequency-dependent seismic anomalies associated with both layered structure and velocity dispersion of an equivalent anisotropic medium. The implications indicate that anisotropic velocity dispersion should be incorporated accurately to obtain enhanced amplitude variation with offset interpretations. The presented frequency-dependent amplitude variation with offset modelling procedure offers a useful tool for fracture fluid detections in an anisotropic dispersive reservoir with layered structures. 相似文献