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充分发挥地震科研成果的效能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
<正>一年前,一次毁灭性海啸淹没了日本东北部海岸的大片区域,造成灾难性后果。既然精确的短期地震预测仍属难题——至少目前如此,那么需要考虑的问题就是,我们能够做些什么来减轻地震造成的损失。2011年东日本9级地震清楚地表明,地 相似文献
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日本地处环太平洋地震带上,全球地震按数量20%发生在日本。造成的损失也很大。2011年3月11日日本本州东海岸附近海域的9.0级地震是日本有历史记载以来最大的一次地震。 相似文献
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1日本周边的板块围绕日本列岛的板块状况如图1所示。在日本东北的东部近海,有厚度为70～100km的太平洋板块,以每年约8cm的速度向西北西方向运动。另外在日本西南的南方近海,有厚度为30～40km的菲律宾海板块,以每年约4cm的速度向西北方向运动。另一方面,陆地一侧的日本列岛,从来 相似文献
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引言
日本是世界上地震多发国家之一,其原因在于数以百计的活动断裂纵横交错,分布于整个国家以及太平洋沿岸大陆和海洋板块边界,因此地震时常发生.日本已经建成了一个高效的地震预警系统,能够让居民采取预防措施.即使提前60 s发出预警信息,也足以在地震造成地震动破裂之前,让司机把车停在路边或让学生躲到桌子下面.2011年3月11日日本东北9.0级地震袭击了日本东海岸,让全世界目睹了自然灾害的致命力量[1]. 相似文献
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1987年12月17日上午11时8分左右,以日本关东地区为中心,在由东北地区至中国地区的很大范围内发生了强烈地震。据日本气象厅的观测,此次地震震级为里氏6.6级,震源区在千叶县东部近海,震源深度为70公里。警方说,这次地震是日本1987年发生的最强烈的地震之一,造成2人死亡,53人受伤,在整个日本震毁或破坏了16座建筑物,并引起3处滑坡。受灾最重的地区是东京东面的千叶、铫子及胜浦,有2人丧生,43人受伤,9座建筑物 相似文献
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L. J. TISON 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):5-8
Abstract A simple method is used to study the response of runoff in the Sahel to climate change. The statistical characteristics of rainfall are calculated over the western part of the Sahel for the period 1961–1990, using the BADOPLU network. Daily rainfall is simulated using a Markov process with Weibull distribution for rainfall depths. Runoff is modelled using a conceptual SCS model and the curve numbers are calculated for West Africa. Climate change is provided by simulations using the Arpège GCM (Scenario A1B), and a perturbation method is used on the parameters which describe the rainfall. Changes in rainfall are assumed to occur through increases in frequency, not intensity. Using Arpège, runoff is mainly found to increase, in depth and in number of events, by the end of the 21st century. Changes in evaporation and land use are not included in the analysis. The impact of this 21st century potential climate change (rainfall) on the runoff is found to be of the same magnitude as the impact of changes in land use. 相似文献
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Abstract In the Southwestern intermountain and high plains areas, precipitation is seasonal, with the major part of the rainfall occurring in the summer. Most winter precipitation occurs as low-intensity rain or snow along slow-moving cold fronts. Most summer precipitation occurs as short-duration, high-intensity thunderstorms from purely convective buildup or from convective cells developing along a weak fast-moving cold front. Almost all runoff occurs from the summer convective storms. Since runoff-producing precipitation is of primary interest at the Southwest Watershed Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Tucson, Arizona, the convective storms have been most thoroughly analyzed. Duration, intensity, areal extent, movement, character, and return frequencies for varying volumes and intensities of these convective storms are analyzed from records from dense networks of recording rain gages in four study areas in Arizona and New Mexico. The primary study areas are the 58-square-mile Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed at Tombstone, Arizona, and the 67-squaremile Alamogordo Creek Watershed near Santa Rosa, New Mexico. Three “record” storms of differing character occurring in 1960 and 1961 on Alamogordo Creek Watershed and one “record” storm in 1961 on the Wlanut Gulch Watershed are analyzed and compared in detail. 相似文献
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W. H. Ward 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):85-101
AbstractA new method is presented to generate stationary multi-site hydrological time series. The proposed method can handle flexible time-step length, and it can be applied to both continuous and intermittent input series. The algorithm is a departure from standard decomposition models and the Box-Jenkins approach. It relies instead on the recent advances in statistical science that deal with generation of correlated random variables with arbitrary statistical distribution functions. The proposed method has been tested on 11 historic weekly input series, of which the first seven contain flow data and the last four have precipitation data. The article contains an extensive review of the results.Editor D. KoutsoyiannisCitation Ilich, N., 2014. An effective three-step algorithm for multi-site generation of stochastic weekly hydrological time series. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 59 (1), 85–98. 相似文献
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