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1.
During many PCAs at auroral zone stations in the daytime, a smooth decrease in the absorption, called the noon recovery effect, is observed. The manifestation of this effect in PCA events registered at various seasons of the year (in spring, summer, and fall under a completely illuminated ionosphere and in winter under a completely (or partially) dark ionosphere) is analyzed in this paper. In the summer PCA, the amplitude of the noon recovery (the strongest decrease in the absorption in the hours close to the noon) and the frequency of occurrence of this effect are lower than in equinox conditions. A decrease in temperature and the enhanced content of water vapor in the upper mesosphere in summer as compared to the equinox seasons are the main factors governing the small amplitude of the noon recovery in summer PCA. Using experimental and calculated data, the presence of the noon recovery effect in winter PCA is found for the first time. In winter PCA, the absorption variation during noon recovery has a complicated shape: a smooth decrease in the daytime hours and a short-term (pulse-type) increase in the absorption in the local noon. This increase is caused by the fact that the ionosphere over auroral stations in the winter season is illuminated for a short time interval (around the local noon), which causes a sharp increase in the absorption. The amplitude of the noon recovery in winter PCA is higher than in equinox and summer PCA. 相似文献
2.
云南地区处于印度板块与欧亚板块中国大陆碰撞带的东缘,地壳运动剧烈,活动块体特征明显,中强以上地震频发,是研究大震活动规律的理想场所。通过过去一个世纪的6.7级以上地震活动的时空分布以及地震动力分析认为,云南地区存在的4个具东西交替活动特征的地震活跃期,可能是东、西部各自地震活跃与平静过程叠加的结果,100a左右可能出现1次东、西部同时爆发大震的时段;云南地区地震活动与外围地区存在较好的呼应关系,安达曼-缅甸弧形带的巨震活动对云南地区地震活跃期的启动有一定的指示意义,而云南东部强震也与四川西部大震密切相关,四川大震活动往往滞后于云南地区;中强地震连发—平静—首发大震可能是云南以东部为活动主体的地震活跃期的启动模式。这些认识对云南地区大震预测、地震机理以及板缘动力学研究会有所帮助 相似文献
3.
Structure and Significance of S-wave Velocity and Poisson’s Ratio in the Crust beneath the Eastern Side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The receiver functions of body waves of distant earthquakes obtained for the regions beneath 41 digital stations (Lhasa and
GANZ in Tibet, Mandalay and Rangoon in Myanmar, SHIO in India, CHTO in Thailand, and station network in Sichuan and Yunnan)
were used to invert for S-wave structure in the crust and upper mantle in Sichuan, Yunnan, and their surrounding areas. Meanwhile
the distribution characteristics of the Poisson’s ration and the crustal thickness in Sichuan and Yunnan areas were also obtained.
Results indicate that the depth of Moho beneath the eastern side of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau varies strikingly. It is obvious
that the greatest changes in crustal thickness occur in a north-south direction. The crustal thickness decreases from north
to south, being as thick as 70 km in eastern Tibet, the northern portion of our area of interest, and less than 30 km in Chaing
Mai and Rangoon, the southern portion of our area. There are, however, exceptions regarding the trend. The thickness exhibits
an east-west variation trend in the area from Ma’erkong-Kongding in Sichuan to Lijiang in Yunnan. In general the Jinpingshan-Longmenshan
fault and Anninghe fault can be taken as the boundaries of this exception area. The thickness in Kongding in the west is 68 km,
while it is only 39 km in Yongchuan in the east. Moreover the Poisson’s ratio values in the blocks of central Sichuan and
Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond are high, and a low velocity layer in the crust of this area can be obviously detected. The distribution
characteristics of the high Poisson’s ratio and the low velocity of the crust in this block correspond to the tectonic structure,
being in contrast with the surrounding areas. Combining with the distribution features of the modern tectonic stress field,
it is deduced that the Sichuan-Yunnan area is probably the channel through which the materials of the lithosphere flow eastward. 相似文献
4.
对全球及一些地区地震在地球自转速率长周期变化的加速和减速段里年发生次数进行了分析,得到的结果表明,就全球地震而言,减速期7级以上地震年发生次数似乎略高于加速期,8级以上地震年发生次数似乎相当,没有明显差异,8.5级以上地震年发生次数似乎比加速期里高.太平洋东带和太平洋北带的地震,在减速期的年发生次数似乎一致地比加速期略... 相似文献
5.
大通湖及东洞庭湖区生物体重金属的水平及其生态评价 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
于2005年11月采集了大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水和水生生物样品,并测定了水和水生生物样品中重金属(Cd、Pb、Hg、As)的含量,并对湖区生物体重金属进行了污染评价.研究结果表明,大通湖及东洞庭湖区湖水中重金属含量较小,绝大部分采样点水质都属于国家Ⅰ类水标准;水生生物体内CD、Pb含量为虾＞螺＞鱼,Hg的含量为鱼＞螺＞虾,As的含量为螺＞虾＞鱼;而鱼类重金属含量则为底栖鱼类＞中上层鱼类,肉食性鱼类＞植食性鱼类.大通湖及东洞庭湖区生物体中CD、Pb的污染指数为虾＞螺＞鱼,Hg的污染指数则为鱼＞螺＞虾,As的污染指数则为螺＞虾＞鱼. 相似文献
6.
The interrelation between sudden increases in the solar wind dynamic pressure, auroral proton flashes on the dayside equatorward
of the oval, and geomagnetic pulsations in the Pc1 range is considered on the basis of simultaneous observations of the solar
wind plasma parameters, proton auroras on the IMAGE satellite, and geomagnetic pulsations at the Lovozero Observatory. It
is indicated that proton luminosity flashes were observed in 70% of cases equatorward of the auroral oval during sudden changes
in the solar wind pressure. In this case, flashes of proton auroras were observed in 85% of cases during sudden changes in
the pressure, which were related to interplanetary shocks. Increases in pressure during tangential discontinuities were accompanied
by flashes of proton auroras only in 45% of cases. When the ground station was conjugate to the region occupied by a proton
aurora flash, the appearance or intensification of existent pulsations in the Pc1 range was observed in 96% of cases. When
the ground station was not conjugate to the region of a proton luminosity flash, the response in geomagnetic pulsations was
observed in 32% of events. When a sudden change in the solar wind pressure was not accompanied by a proton luminosity flash,
the response in pulsations in the Pc1 range was hardly observed. 相似文献
7.
Drylands account for approximately 41% of the global total land area. Significant warming and rare precipitation in drylands result in a fragile ecology and deterioration of the living environment, making it more sensitive to global climate change. As an important regulator of the Earth's climate system, the oceans play a vital role in the process of climate change in drylands. In modern climate change in particular, the impact of marine activities on climate change in drylands cannot be neglected. This paper reviews the characteristics of climate change in drylands over the past 100 years, and summarizes the researches conducted on the impact of marine activities on these changes. The review focuses on the impact of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO), El Ni?o and La Ni?a on climate change in drylands, and introduces the mechanisms by which different oceanic oscillation factors synergistically affect climate change in drylands.Studies have shown that global drylands have experienced a significant intensification in warming in the past 100 years, which shows obvious characteristics of interdecadal dry/wet variations. The characteristics of these changes are closely related to the oscillatory factors of the oceanic interdecadal scale. Different phase combinations of oceanic oscillation factors significantly change the land-sea thermal contrast, which in turn affects the westerly jet, planetary wave and blocking frequency, resulting in changes in the temperature and dry/wet characteristics of drylands. With the intensification of climate change in drylands, the impact of marine activities on these regions will reveal new characteristics in the future, which will increase the uncertainty of future climate change in drylands and intensify the impact of these drylands on global climate. 相似文献
8.
介绍了正在建设中的全球湖泊数据库的情况,以及该数据库的水位资料所反映的晚更新世末期以来全球湿润状况的变化。通过大尺度湖水位变化的时空分析,结果显示当今湖泊水位状态较历史时期而言,位于低纬干旱或半干旱地区的湖泊水位较低,而中纬及高纬湿润地区的湖泊水位较高。自末次冰盛期以来,北美大陆中南部地区湖泊水位自高至低,反映出该地区气候条件由湿变干,至早、中全新世达最干旱。而在非洲及南亚季风地区,冷期偏干,暖期偏湿。特别是在早、中全新世的温暖时期,为历史上最湿润时期。北半球中纬度地带的气候干湿变化与北半球冰盖的存在及其消融导致的西风带的南北摆动有关;而北半球季风区在早、中全新世出现的高潮面与北半球夏季辐射的增加有密切联系。 相似文献
9.
许多研究人员利用GPS测量的速度资料计算了地应变率场，但其结果差异较大. 本文将地质统计学中的Kriging方法引入到GPS观测的速度场研究中, 通过Kriging插值得到青藏高原及邻区均匀网格节点上的速度值，然后运用有限单元中形函数(Lagrange插值函数)的求导方法，计算每个网格单元积分点处的地应变率分量，从而获得青藏高原及邻区的地应变率场的分布. 计算结果显示，青藏高原主体处在南北向受挤压、东西向被拉张的应变状态之中，但高原东部地区则正好相反，即南北向拉张、东西向出现挤压. 青藏高原及邻区主应变率的方位与震源机制解中P轴、T轴的方向基本一致；最大主压应变率的高值区分布在喜马拉雅主边界冲断带及附近地区，高原内部出现主张应变率大于压应变率的现象，且高原内部处在拉张应变状态. 面膨胀率结果也表明，喜马拉雅山及附近地区为面收缩区，而高原内部其他地区主要为膨胀区；最大剪应变率分布清晰地显示出青藏高原周边的主要断裂带轮廓. 文中的应变率计算结果预示青藏高原及周边地区现今的地应变与较长期的地质活动之间有一定的继承关系. 相似文献
10.
E. R. Kremenetskaya D. V. Lomova D. I. Sokolov K. K. Edel’shtein 《Water Resources》2011,38(4):522-529
Sedimentation fluxes of suspension were determined in experimental studies on the Mozhaiskoe Reservoir in summer. The leading
factors of formation and the rate of accumulation of sedimentary material and organic mater in the reservoir in different
phases of synoptic cycle in the channel and shallow zones of the bed in the central part of the reservoir. 相似文献
11.
包尚联 《CT理论与应用研究》1998,(3)
本文介绍了国际医用磁共振协会及其主办的国际会议情况,即ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｆｏｒＲｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅｉｎＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ－ＩＳＭＲＭ。该协会代表了世界上医用磁共振成像方面的最高水平,从第４次年会开始,会议在每年的４月份进行。本文作者参加了１９９７年在加拿大温哥华召开和１９９８年在澳大利亚悉尼召开的年会。会议主要讨论的题目包括功能磁共成像（ｆＭＲＩ）,结构磁共振成像（ａＭＲＩ）波谱成像（ＭＲＩ／Ｓ）和血管造影等方面的内容,以及磁共振成像技术协会方面关于诊断方法,显像增强剂技术,磁共振成像设备及其部件技术,以及数据处理方面的技术进步等课题。推动该领域发展的主要动力显然是对人类自身的研究和对疾病诊疗的需要,尤其对脑功能研究、功能性疾病的诊断和治疗的需要。但是磁共振成像目前在心脏、肺脏以至软骨方面的诊断已经有很大进步,在设备技术和数据处理方法方面的进步同样也是很快的。 相似文献
12.
To investigate the stratification of hydrolytic enzyme activities and importance of subsurface layers in depolymerization of detritus biopolymers,nine hydrolytic enzyme activities involved in the cycling of carbon,phosphorus,nitrogen and sulphur were measured in various sediment layers and their extracts at Kylaniemi in Lake Saimaa in southern Finland and in Lake Ahvenjarvi in northern Finland. The results show that for each lake all nine hydrolytic enzyme activities were higher in all sediment layers than in comparable sediment extracts indicating that the major part of enzymes was bound to the sediment particles in all layers in both lakes.Carbohydratase,P-cellobiosidase,activities did not show any gradient with sediment depth at Kylaniemi in Lake Saimaa indicating that there was rapid turnover of carbohydrates in the entire sediment column.The activities of acetate esterase,butyrate esterase,phosphomonoesterase,aminopeptidase,N-acetyl glucosaminidase,sulphatase andβ-glucosidase in the deepest layers were 19-53%of those in the surface sediment indicating that depolymerization of biopolymers involved in the cycling of carbon,nitrogen,phosphorus and sulphur was substantial in subsurface sediment. 相似文献
13.
《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,(Z2)
The concept of hydrocarbon accumulation in network was presented on basis of the overall analysis of the formation and evolution characteristics of the continental faulted basin and of the systemic re-search on the major controlling factors on the hydrocarbon accumulation. The hydrocarbon accumu-lation in network can be defined as hydrocarbon accumulation in a three-dimensional network system which is constituted by the hydrocarbon migration passages under multiple dynamics,following the hydrocarbon generation from source rocks. The research shows that the hydrocarbon accumulation in network is composed of four elements,i.e.,hydrocarbon source (source rock kitchen),hydrocarbon accumulation terminal (trap),network pathway connecting source and terminal (transporting system),and network potential driving hydrocarbon migration in the network pathway (migration dynamics). Compared with other networks,hydrocarbon accumulation in network has three basic characteristics: the irreversible geological process of material and information flow in the network; the loss of material and information in the flow process in the network; the multiple dynamics in the flow process. Interac-tion of all the elements in the geological process can be called hydrocarbon accumulation in network. There are three basic models for hydrocarbon accumulation in network,that is,hydrocarbon accumu-lation in the network source area,hydrocarbon accumulation in the network pathway,and hydrocarbon accumulation in the network terminal. The key in the application of the hydrocarbon accumulation models in network in practice is to confirm the major accumulation stage and the function range of the four elements controlling the hydrocarbon firstly,to predict the profitable accumulation region by su-perposition of the favorable areas confirmed by four elements consequently,and to evaluate the oil-bearing property of the trap as well as confirm drilling targets. This paper takes the Dongying De-pression in the Bohai Bay Basin as an application example. 相似文献
14.
ABSTRACTWith the rapid economic development and urbanization in Taihu Basin (eastern China), the river system has decayed and the connectivity of rivers and lakes has weakened, resulting in frequent floods. The impact of changes in river system structure on hydrological processes in the plain river network area was analysed against a background of urbanization. An indicator system was built to describe the quantitative, morphological and spatial structure of the river system. Analysis of the change in annual average and extreme water levels revealed the influencing mechanism of the changes in river system structure on the hydrological processes. The results indicate a decreasing tendency in the density of the river system in the study area, with a reduction in water surface ratio by about 20% in the past 50 years. Since the 1960s, the maximum and annual average water levels have increased. The degree of change in the mean monthly, annual lowest and annual highest water levels was great, with that in the non-flood season being higher than in the flood season. The decrease in the number of rivers directly reduced the storage and adjustable capacity of the basin. 相似文献
15.
1960年以来太湖水生植被演变 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
太湖的富营养化污染日益严重,针对太湖水生植被的研究工作非常重要,然而全面的太湖水生植被调查已经有将近二十年未见报道.基于2014年夏季全湖水生植被调查结果,结合历史资料,比较分析1960年以来太湖水生植被演变情况.结果表明,1960年以来,共有23种水生植物从太湖消失,其中1981、1997和2014年分别消失7、4和12种.从分布区面积来看,1960年以来太湖水生植被总体呈北部湖区水生植被消失,东北部、东部及南部湖区水生植被分布区面积持续扩张的态势,1981年全湖水生植被分布区面积占8%,到2014年已经有33.82%的水面有水生植被分布.从生物量组成来看,太湖水生植被先升后降,从1960年的10×104 t,持续上升到1988年的44.72×104 t,1997年下降到36×104 t,2014年进一步下降到29.09×104 t.但挺水植被以外的水生植被,尤其是浮叶植被的生物量一直保持上升态势.总生物量的下降与东太湖挺水植被大面积消失有关,到2014年全湖挺水植被生物量比重仅占5.15%,东太湖沼泽化问题已不复存在.从群落组成变化情况来看,苦草（Vallisneria natans）群落分布区面积锐减,马来眼子菜（Potamogeton malaianus）和荇菜（Nymphoides peltatum）分布区持续扩张.目前太湖水生植被管理面临的主要问题是北部湖区水生植被恢复和东部湖区水生植被过量生长. 相似文献
16.
Recent glacial retreat in High Asia in China and its impact on water resource in Northwest China 总被引：48，自引：0，他引：48
YAO Tandong WANG Youqing LIU Shiying PU Jianchen SHEN Yongping & LU Anxin .Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China .Cold Arid Regions Environmental Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou China 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(12):1065-1075
There are about 46298 glaciers in the High Asiain China, the total glacial area is about 59406 km , andtotal glacial volume about 5590 km3. These glaciersmainly concentrate around the Himalayas Mountains,Nyainqentanglha Mountains, Kunlun Mountains,Karakoram Mountains and Tianshan Mountains. Theglaciers in the Tibetan Plateau are the major compo-nent of the glaciers in the High Asia in China. Theseglaciers extend north to the arid and desert regions,and become the main water resource in … 相似文献
17.
贵阳市"两湖一库"不同季节硫酸盐还原菌分布变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于MPN法对贵阳市"两湖一库"——阿哈水库、红枫湖、百花湖不同季节沉积物中硫酸盐还原菌(SRB)分布规律及其影响因素进行了研究.结果表明,"两湖一库"SRB含量及分布季节差异显著,冬季SRB含量明显低于夏、秋季节.冬季,SRB含量峰值主要集中在沉积物中部,而在夏、秋季节,SRB含量峰值主要集中在沉积物上部.在受到酸性矿山废水污染的阿哈水库,硫酸根含量远高于红枫湖和百花湖,但沉积物中的SRB含量整体上和其它2个未受硫酸盐影响的湖泊差异不大,仅在夏、秋季节表层沉积物中明显升高,表明"两湖一库"丰富的有机质及适宜的pH为硫酸盐还原菌提供了良好的生长环境,硫酸根含量没有成为SRB含量的主要限制因素. 相似文献
18.
淮河流域焦岗湖水质参数时空变化及影响因素 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
焦岗湖是淮河左岸一个天然湖泊,集防洪、灌溉、养殖、旅游等多种功能于一体.利用焦岗湖4个季节水质监测数据,运用Kriging方法,分析焦岗湖水质参数的时空变化及影响因素.结果表明:由于受水文季节变化过程及人类活动等综合影响,焦岗湖水质参数在时间及空间上均存在一定差异.从时间变化来看,夏季透明度较低、秋季较高;溶解氧浓度在春、冬季显著高于夏、秋季;总氮、总磷浓度与高锰酸盐指数均表现为夏季最高、秋季最低.从空间变化来看,4个季节的透明度空间差异较为显著;溶解氧浓度在春、冬季空间分布较为均匀,夏季呈现中心高周围低的变化趋势,秋季则表现为西高东低;总磷浓度春季分布较为均匀,夏、秋及冬季则呈西高东低之势;高锰酸盐指数在春、秋季节呈现东高西低之势,夏季高浓度主要集中在湖区北部,冬季浓度变化不大. 相似文献
19.
赣江下游流域大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物学评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
2009年6月(丰水期)、11月(枯水期)和2010年4月(平水期)对赣江下游流域大型底栖动物群落结构进行调查研究,共鉴定出大型底栖动物3门15科25种.结果表明,赣江下游流域大型底栖动物群落结构具有明显的时空变化.生物密度最大值(145.9±81.8 ind./m2)出现在6月,最小值(89.6±15.9 ind./m2)出现在4月;生物量的变化则相反,最大值(90.1±25.4 g/m2),出现在4月,最小值(62.9±20.9 g/m2)出现在6月;干流的生物密度在6月、11月和4月均明显高于支流,而生物量在11月低于支流.Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H’)、Margalef丰富度指数(D)和Pielou均匀性指数(J)在6月、11月和4月的时间尺度上以及干流、支流的空间尺度上均出现明显的变化,在11月份,这3类指数均表现为最高,6月则均为最低;干流的H’和D在6月和4月均低于支流,而J在这3个时间段内则均是支流高于干流,表明支流大型底栖动物的群落结构较干流更为多样、均匀和稳定.H’和D的结果表明赣江下游流域水质均受到不同程度的污染,其中干流的污染程度较支流更为严重. 相似文献
20.
Variations in the hydrological-hydrochemical state of the aqueous medium in Lena mouth area. The hydrological regime of the
river and variations in qualitative water composition in the mouth area are described in detail. Anthropogenic load is estimated
in terms of the inflow and the modulus of inflow of pollutants. 相似文献