共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
抛物线内插反应谱计算方法 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为减小恢复被采信号所用的内插函数与山农要样定理要求的内插函数ha(t-n.T)之间的误差，提出了用抛物线内插－ha(t-n.T)的二阶近似代替常规的线性内插，为充分减小计算量，本文推导了计算绝对加速度反应谱的连锁公式。通过与常规方法的对比发现，抛物线反应谱算法的计算误差明显降低。在保证同样计算精度的条件下，抛物线算法较常规算法允许更低的采样率。为了将反应谱计算的相对误差控制在5％以下，抛物线算法要求有样率为奈奎斯特频率的5倍，而不是常规算法要求的10倍。 相似文献
2.
3.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(5)
昆明是我国西部地区的重要城市。由于地震频发、地质条件复杂,昆明已经被我国列为重点抗震设防城市。昆明已经于2006年完成了整个城市的地震安评工作。为了进一步完善地震安评工作,本文对地震安评的必备参数——剪切波速进行了测试误差专项研究。为了保证实验精度,研究人员邀请了昆明地区7家测试单位对实验钻孔进行测试并要求这些单位提供了原始的波列图。依据现场的单孔法剪切波速实验结果,本文运用统计学基本原理给出了昆明地区的测试误差,用SHAKE2000软件计算研究了108个工况下的不同程度测试误差对地表加速度反应谱和PGA的影响,得到了如下结论:实测结果表明,0至40 m内昆明地区剪切波速测试误差不随深度发生明显改变,误差的标准差平均为8%,最大误差不超过20%;反应谱和PGA的变化程度随波速测试误差程度增加而增加;波速误差在1倍标准差内时,反应谱峰值部分变化小于20%;在波速取极值时,峰值部分变化可能超过40%;输入的地震动不同,反应谱和PGA的变化规律有明显的差异。输入波频率成分与场地频率成分接近的的地震动时,当波速测试误差变大时,反应谱和PGA的变化更明显。由于工作条件限制,本文只选取了一个昆明地区的实验场地,还需要丰富现场实验资料以构建更全面的波速测试误差分布规律,同时还需要计算研究更多工况下剪切波速测试误差对相关参数的影响。 相似文献
4.
本文给出了唐山地区强震动记录应用研究的两个实例,提出了建筑结构采用时程分析时选用强震动记录的原则和方法,通过对唐山地区强震动记录的分析处理,得到了其峰值加速度及加速度反应谱,确定了本地区进行弹性时程分析时选用的强震动记录;研究了局部场地条件对地震动影响的唐山响堂三维强震动观测台阵,以唐山响堂台阵2号测井(地下32m)的基岩强震动作为输入,通过2号测井的土层剖面,利用2个一维土层地震反应分析程序,分别计算得到地表的峰值加速度和加速度反应谱,并把计算结果与同次地震相应的地表强震动记录峰值加速度与加速度反应谱进行了对比分析。 相似文献
5.
《地震工程与工程振动》2017,(1)
地震发生时,结构所受的地震荷载是以位移形式从基础处输入的,所以研究基于地震位移的结构响应既是工程需求又是设计需要。本文基于位移、速度输入模型的单自由度时程反应计算方法,计算了以GPS实际观测记录为位移输入、以其中心差分为速度输入的地震位移反应谱,并与加速度输入模型结果进行了比较。结果表明,高采样率(5 Hz以上)GPS位移记录可获得与加速度输入模型基本一致的反应谱结果,1 Hz GPS位移记录所得结果反映不出地震高频特性,但能表征长周期结构的地震响应。紧接着,本文将基于GPS的反应谱计算方法运用到日本震例中,通过比较并址的强震仪与GPS站两者记录所求得的位移反应谱,得出的结果与理论分析一致。本文由此得出结论:基于GPS计算地震相对位移反应谱是可行的。 相似文献
6.
人造地震动的时域叠加法和反应谱整体逼近技术 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
介绍了两种新的人造地震动的加速度反应谱拟合方法:其一是时域叠加法．该方法通过在时程上叠加一谐波时程来调整某一反应谱控制点的值．其特点是交叉干扰小，计算量小且能兼顾强度包线的要求；其二是反应谱整体逼近法．其特点是在调整某一由幅值谱Ak及其相位谱k(k＝0，1，2，，n)决定的时程Ra(t)时，用反应谱与目标谱在各个控制点上相对误差Ej(j＝1，2，3，，M)的均方根值Vr＝是否减小来判定任一幅值谱Ak调整的方向．本文指出，由于Ej及Vr均是Ak及k的函数，所以，合成加速度时程中的反应谱拟合问题可变成寻找Vr极小点的数学问题．时域叠加法受最高截止频率的限制，不适用于反应谱高频部分的拟合．反应谱整体逼近法受FFT算法频率分布特征的限制，使反应谱低频部分的控制点密度不能太大．大量的试算结果表明，以上两种方法相互补充，可取得良好的拟合效果．文中还指出，由于有了较好的反应谱拟合方法，可在反应谱拟合的同时，对加速度时程的峰值加速度及峰值速度进行拟合． 相似文献
7.
《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(6)
时域分析中采用粘滞阻尼反映小应变条件下土的阻尼特性,瑞雷阻尼则是常用的黏滞阻尼形式。本文基于有限差分方法,构建一组数值计算模型,以实际地震记录作为输入,以不同的土层条件作为分析对象,采用加速度、位移和反应谱指标评价了瑞雷阻尼形式对土层地震反应的影响,并将不同阻尼形式下的计算结果与响嘡台阵真实记录进行了对比分析。计算结果表明:阻尼形式对加速度反应和反应谱的影响显著,对位移反应影响有限,但位移幅值沿土层高度的变化规律较复杂;不同阻尼形式时反应谱短周期段的谱值差别明显,而对反应谱长周期段谱值影响有限;高频地震动激励,深软土层中不同阻尼形式的计算结果离散性大;在确定阻尼形式时要综和考虑土层特征和地震动频谱特性,只考虑土层卓越频率的阻尼形式会低估土层地震反应。对于长周期地震动输入,本文建议目标频率取土层第3阶频率,对于高频地震动,目标频率可取为反应谱峰值对应频率。 相似文献
8.
文中以某一实际工程为例,讨论工程场地地震安全性评价中加速度反应谱规准化对工程场地地震位移时程所带来的影响。数值结果表明,根据规准化加速度反应谱得出的位移时程存在很大的误差。建议在工程场地地震安全性评价工作中,不宜进行加速度反应谱的标定工作。 相似文献
9.
场地类型对反应谱平台值的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
文中在总结一些学者研究基础上,利用土层地震反应分析的一维等效线性化波动方法,以建筑抗震设计规范规定的反应谱为目标谱,合成不同加速度峰值和特征周期加速度时程曲线共28条,将其作为土层地震反应分析的输入地震动,选取和构造了四种场地类型的225个土层剖面,计算了不同土层剖面在不同地震动输入下的设计反应谱的平台值.基于统计分析... 相似文献
10.
本文提出一种适用于地震加速度仪观测台站的实时地震信号检测方法。该方法的运用基于Z~-变换的冲激不变和阶跃不变法,对地震加速度仪运动方程所表示的连续系统的传递函数进行数字模拟,导出加速度仪对于地震地面运动加速度的位移反应和速度反应递推公式。根据地震反应谱理论,进一步导出计算地震信号能量谱的快速数值方法。通过对地震台站背景噪声的长期观测和统计分析,建立了特定台站背景噪声模型;又根据特定台站已获得的真实地震记录的统计频谱特性,建立了该台站的地震动预期谱,从而建立起事件检测的标准。最后,以信号和背景噪声的能量谱为比较对象,应用所谓最适信号检测滤波器,对采样率为100点/秒的加速度时间信号进行检测,可以得到理想的结果。 相似文献
11.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(9)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in 相似文献
12.
《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(12)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
13.
In natural waters arsenic concentrations up to a few milligrams per litre were measured. The natural content of arsenic found in soils varies between 0.01 mg/kg and a few hundred milligrams per kilogram. Anthropogenic sources of arsenic in the environment are the smelting of ores, the burning of coal, and the use of arsenic compounds in many products and production processes in the past. A lot of arsenic compounds are toxic and cause acute and chronic poisoning. In aqueous environment the inorganic arsenic species arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are the most abundant species. The mobility of these species is influenced by the pH value, the redox potential, and the presence of adsorbents such as oxides and hydroxides of Fe(III), Al(III), Mn(III/IV), humic substances, and clay minerals. 相似文献
14.
Due to deleterious effects on non-target organisms, the use of organotin compounds on boat hulls of small vessels (<25 m) has been widely prohibited. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) resolved that the complete prohibition on organotin compounds acting as biocides in antifouling systems should commence in 2008. As a result of restrictions on the use of organotin based paints, other antifouling formulations containing organic biocides have been utilised. This survey was conducted to assess the contamination of replacement biocides in the marine environment following the ban of TBT-based paints. Surface sediments samples were collected in the major ports and marinas along the France Mediterranean coastline (Cote d’Azur) and analysed for organotin compounds, Irgarol 1051, Sea-nine 211TM, Chlorothalonil, Dichlofluanid and Folpet. Every port and marina exhibited high levels of organotin compounds, with concentrations in sediments ranging from 37 ng Sn g−1dry wt in Menton Garavan to over 4000 ng Sn g−1dry wt close to the ship chandler within the port of Villefranche-sur-Mer. TBT degradation indexes suggested that fresh inputs are still made. Among the other antifoulants monitored, only Irgarol 1051 exhibited measurable concentrations in almost every port, with concentrations ranging from 40 ng g−1dry wt (Cannes) to almost 700 ng g−1dry wt (Villefranche-sur-Mer, ship chandler). 相似文献
15.
Ian R. Falconer 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2005,33(1):64-71
Microcystins are cyclic heptapeptide toxins produced by a range of cyanobacterial genera. These cyanobacteria occur naturally in drinking water reservoirs subject to eutrophication, and in rivers and natural lakes. Because of the diversity of organisms, the toxins occur, from oligo‐mesotrophic lakes in North Temperate latitudes, to hypertrophic tropical ponds. The toxins are responsible for numerous cases of injury and death of domestic animals, and human poisoning from drinking water. The initial poisoning includes hepatic cell death. This leads to secondary effects from liver deficiency, including jaundice and photosensitisation. The toxic effects are largely due to inhibition of phosphatase enzymes, acting to regulate protein phosphorylation. The consequences include structural damage, apoptosis and, at lower concentrations, cell cycle effects and tumour promotion. As there is no clear evidence for direct carcinogenesis by microcystins, they are classed as non‐carcinogenic toxins in drinking water. Guideline Values for safe drinking water are derived from data for subchronic rodent toxicity, using the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (the highest dose giving no toxicity). To this dose are applied uncertainty factors, to calculate a Tolerable Daily Intake. On the basis of a standard bodyweight and water consumption the Guideline Value is determined for drinking water. For microcystin‐LR the WHO have set a provisional Guideline Value of 1 μg/L for drinking water. 相似文献
16.
The geomagnetic field and secular variation exhibit asymmetrical spatial features which are possibly originating from an heterogeneous thermal control of the Earth's lower mantle on the core. The identification of this control in magnetic data is subject to several difficulties, some of which can be alleviated by the use of core surface flow models. Using numerical dynamos driven by heterogeneous boundary heat flux, we confirm that within the parameter space accessible to simulations, time average surface flows obey a simple thermal wind equilibrium between the Coriolis and buoyancy forces, the Lorentz, inertial and viscous forces playing only a secondary role, even for Elsasser numbers significantly larger than 1. Furthermore, we average the models over the duration of three vortex turnovers, and correlate them with a longer time average which fully reveals the signature of boundary heterogeneity. This allows us to quantify the possibility of observing mantle control in core surface flows averaged over a short time period. A scaling analysis is performed in order to apply the results to the Earth's core. We find that three vortex turnovers could represent between 100 and 360 years of Earth time, and that the heat flux heterogeneity at the core-mantle boundary could be large enough to yield an observable signature of thermal mantle control in a time average core surface flow within reach of the available geomagnetic data. 相似文献
17.
Richard McCreary John McGaughey Yves Potvin Dave Ecobichon Marty Hudyma Harald Kanduth Alain Coulombe 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1992,139(3-4):349-373
Located in northern Québec, the Lac Shortt Mine was a small gold mine consisting of a thin subvertical orebody which was mined in three main phases. High stress and rockbursting conditions were experienced when ore was extracted in the upper zone between the surface and a depth of 500 metres during the first two phases of mining. Severe rockbursts were experienced in late 1989 near the shaft and in the footwall development following a deepening of the mine shaft to a depth of 830 m and partial development of footwall drift access for the third phase of mining (the mining of the lower zone starting at a depth of 830 m moving upward toward a depth of 500 m). A 16-channel Electrolab MP250 microseismic system, with a Queen's University Full-Waveform piggy-back system, was installed underground at the site due to these problems.It was expected that the thinning sill would be subjected to an ever-increasing load as the thickness of the 500 m sill pillar decreased in the face of the mining excavation from below. A monitoring program consisting of the microseismic monitoring system, a range of conventional geomechanics monitoring tools as well as the undertaking of periodic seismic tomography surveys to assess the ongoing state of stress and rock mass condition within the sill was therefore warranted.The anomalously high-magnitude stress field and the brittle rockmass created a situation in which rockmass failure was common and violent. In the creation and thinning of the sill pillar, the location of banded microseismic activity was crucial in tracing rockmass failure and the associated ground control problems. Reliable source-location determination enabled the identification of areas of stress increase. The movement of the rockmass failure front could be followed, and was responsible for stope dilution, footwall and orebody development deterioration, and caving.Source-mechanism analyses gave accurate double-couple solutions for approximately forty percent of these events having at least ten recognizable polarities. Results suggested movement along vertical north-south striking or vertical east-west striking features. Underground observation of damaged access points showed that vertical north-south striking joints were experiencing failure.The microseismic activity, which was consistently concentrated close to the southwest and northeast corners of current production stopes, could be explained by a stress field oriented obliquely to the strike of the orebody, as measured prior to shrinkage of the sill pillar byin situ stress measurements and observed borehole overbreaks. The orientations of theP andT axes for the microseismic activity further confirmed that the stress field oriented obliquely to strike.While an increase in compressional-wave velocity of 2.3 percent, corresponding to a measured stress increase of approximately 10 MPa could be measured by repeated tomographic surveys, it was relatively small and only a factor of two or so above the velocity measured uncertainty. The relative insensitivity of thein situ rock mass modulus to the applied stress is believed to be largely due to the rockmass discontinuities being relatively closed prior to stress increase, as substantiated by the small deformations seen by the extensometer and borehole camera. This situation existed because of the very high pre-mining stress level.The experimental demonstration that the rock could not absorb substantially increased load through the mechanism of discontinuity closure or tightening (which would be reflected in the modulus) may be evidence in itself of potentially burst-prone ground, such as encountered at Lac Shortt. 相似文献
18.
19.
The inability to detect the presence of viable Helicobacter pylori bacteria in environmental waters has hindered the public health community in assessing the role water may play in the transmission of this pathogen. This work describes a cultural enrichment method coupled with an H. pylori‐specific PCR to identify these bacteria in water. While far from perfected at the present time, this represents an exciting new approach to studying the significance of water as a transmission mechanism for H. pylori. Evidence is presented that indicates culturable H. pylori bacteria were found using this enrichment/PCR method in a local groundwater source. 相似文献
20.
Response spectrum predictions for potential near-field and far-field earthquakes affecting Hong Kong: rock sites 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N. T. K. Lam A. M. Chandler J. L. Wilson G. L. Hutchinson 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2002,22(1)
To realistically assess the seismic risk relating to built infrastructures in Hong Kong and in the neighbouring coastal cities of southern Guangdong province, it is necessary to predict ground shaking induced by different earthquake scenarios with good accuracy. A companion paper has described the modelling of the spatial and temporal distribution of the diffused seismic activities in the region, based on the newly-developed ‘Expanding Circular Disc’ (ECD) method. Representative Magnitude–Distance (M–R) combinations for both near-field and far-field earthquakes (in relation to Hong Kong) have been derived using the ECD method. The present paper describes the modelling of the response spectrum on rock sites associated with the predicted M–R combinations, using the Component Attenuation Model (CAM) that was also developed recently by the authors, based on stochastic simulations of the seismological model. The significant effects of soil resonance on the response spectrum are described in a separate publication.The accuracy of CAM in modelling ground motion properties on rock sites has been tested here by comparisons with (i) strong motions recorded in Taiwan and South China from the 1999 ‘Chi-Chi’ earthquake in Taiwan (M=7.6), (ii) motions recorded in South China from another earthquake occurring in the southern Taiwan Strait in the same year (M=5.1), and (iii) historical seismic intensity data obtained within South China. The overall capability of CAM in modelling both near-field and far-field attenuation has been shown to be unmatched by existing empirical models. Results of the comparison studies confirm the accuracy of CAM, particularly within an epicentral distance of 300–400 km.This study shows that the developed serviceability response spectra (i.e. at short return periods) are controlled mainly by the earthquake recurrence behaviour of major distant seismic sources. In contrast, the ultimate response spectra (i.e. at long return periods) relate to events with magnitudes close to the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) limit, the effect of which may also be represented by the Characteristic Response Spectrum (CRS). Both types of earthquake scenario can be significantly affected by the regional crustal properties. The proposed response spectrum envelopes have been compared with previously developed recommendations, and a critical review has been conducted. The intrinsic advantages of the ECD–CAM modelling approach have been highlighted, emphasising its directness and transparency when compared with the more complex process required to implement traditional Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (PSHA). 相似文献